Abstract: The mining method of pillar recovery stope of the west area of Chengchao Iron Mine is planned to be changed from filling method to caving method.The complex structure of the original filling stope results in uneven stress distribution of surrounding rock beneath it，which is not conducive to the stability of the quasi-excavated roadway.Therefore，it is necessary to analyze the stress distribution of surrounding rock before and after the excavation of the roadway.The method of indoor similarity simulation experiment and numerical simulation are used to study the stress distribution regularity of surrounding rock and the stability of roadway before and after excavation.The study results show that:①due to the interval arrangement of the ore pillars in the original filling stop，the stress distribution of the surrounding rock is disordered，and the tensile stress exists locally after the excavation of the mining roadway，and the stress concentration phenomenon is obvious;②the pressure stress of surrounding rock under the filling stope is twice as high as that under the caving body，and the excavation of the roadway is facing a high and uneven stress distribution environment，the bolt connecting chain technique can be adopted to support，at present，the support method has reached the expected performance in the field test.The above study results have guiding reference for the construction of the next development engineering of Chengchao Iron Mine.

Key words: Underground mining, Caving stope, Filling stope, Roadway stability, Numerical Simulation, Similar simulation experiment, Bolt connecting chain technique