Abstract: With the continuous development of open-pit mines in the western alpine region,the problems of rock mass
damage degradation and slope instability caused by the coupling of freeze-thaw cycles and engineering loads are becoming more
and more serious. Therefore,the research progress of macro-meso damage mechanism,constitutive model improvement and numerical
simulation technology of freeze-thaw rock is systematically reviewed. It is generally believed that the evolution process
of pore expansion and fracture coalescence driven by frost heaving stress on the mesoscopic scale is the root cause of the deterioration
of macroscopic mechanical properties of rock,which is manifested in the decrease of strength,the decrease of elastic
modulus and the change of failure mode. By introducing meso-damage variables and combining multi-field coupling theory,the
established statistical damage model,temperature-seepage-stress-damage coupling model and macro-meso correlation segmentation
model can more accurately describe the nonlinear mechanical response of rock under the combined action of freeze-thaw
and load. In terms of numerical simulation,discrete element method,phase field method and other techniques provide effective
means to reveal the evolution law of frost heave cracks,realize multi-scale damage process simulation and evaluate rock mass
stability. At present,there are still some deficiencies in the cross-scale correlation mechanism of macro-meso damage,the multifield
coupling model under complex geological conditions and the deepening of simulation technology. Future research needs to
deepen the cross-scale quantitative correlation of macro-meso damage,improve the temperature-seepage-stress-damage fully coupled model suitable for complex geological environments,and develop numerical simulation methods and intelligent damage
prediction models based on artificial intelligence. The integrated research framework of " mechanism-prediction-prevention and
control " is constructed to form a complete technical system from damage mechanism analysis to engineering risk prevention
and control,which provides theoretical and technical support for safe and efficient mining in cold regions.