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    Research Progress and Prospect on the Intercalation and Exfoliation Technology of Kaolin
    FU Liangjie, QU Yuxin, FAN Dikang, YANG Huaming
    Metal Mine    2023, 52 (11): 1-15.  
    Abstract38)      PDF(pc) (3012KB)(60)       Save
    Intercalation and exfoliation can greatly improve the diameter to thickness ratio,specific surface area and other product specifications of kaolin. It is a key technology for high-end applications of kaolin in biomedicine,rubber,coating,adsorption,catalysis and other fields,and has very important significance for the high quality utilization of kaolin mineral resources. This paper mainly summarizes the research progress of kaolin intercalation and exfoliation at home and abroad in recent years. The influences of intercalation agent type,kaolin origin and intercalation reaction conditions ( temperature,water content and time) on kaolin interlayer spacing and intercalation rate were analyzed. The influences of intercalation technologies such as assisted intercalation and multiple intercalation replacement on kaolin interlayer spacing and intercalation rate are expounded. The influence laws of different process parameters on intercalation efficiency were analyzed,and the exfoliation technologies such as physical exfoliation,chemical exfoliation and physical and chemical exfoliation were described. The influences of exfoliation equipment and process parameters on the layer spacing,layer thickness,specific surface area,pore volume and morphology of kaolin from different producing areas were analyzed. Then,based on the research progress at home and abroad, the problems of intercalation and exfoliation technology,such as intercalation mechanism,intercalation agent pollution,low diameter to thickness ratio of kaolin and instability of nanosheets,were discussed in depth,and the future development direction of kaolin intercalation and stripping was prospected. The development and popularization of green and efficient intercalation exfoliation technology is of great significance to the production of high-end kaolin mineral powder and the development and utilization of high-performance materials in downstream industry.
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    Research Progress of Mineral Materials for Proton Conductors of Fuel Cells
    LI Junsheng, HUANG Hongxin, YANG Yuanyuan, CHEN Jiaqi
    Metal Mine    2023, 52 (11): 16-33.  
    Abstract17)      PDF(pc) (2091KB)(54)       Save
    As an important carrier of energy structure transformation,proton exchange membrane fuel cell is restricted by the development of electrolyte membrane in terms of its performance,life and cost. Inorganic proton conductors prepared from mineral materials are considered as ideal electrolyte materials because of their low cost and excellent performance compared with traditional polymer proton exchange membranes. However,the simultaneous realization of high proton conductivity and chemical stability in inorganic proton conductors is a challenging task. In this review,the proton conduction process in electrolytes,the conduction mechanism,and the determination of the conduction mechanism are discussed in detail,and the relationship between the structure of matter and proton conduction is clarified. Various inorganic electrolyte materials with proton conduction properties are discussed in detail,and improvement measures are proposed to overcome the inherent defects of various proton conductors. The rapid development of oxides as the main type of inorganic proton conductors plays a key role in promoting the widespread commercialization of fuel cells. Therefore,this review concludes with a three-pronged outlook on the development of oxide-based inorganic proton conductors:① Interfacial engineering,to study and optimize the structure and properties of oxide interfaces to improve proton transport rates;② Multifunctional composites,to combine oxides with other materials to form composites for better proton conductivity and densification;③ Development of new low-cost sintering technologies,to reduce the cost of non-conventional sintering technologies,such as discharge plasma sintering,microwave sintering,and other unconventional sintering technologies,by means such as the introduction of artificial intelligence and the development of new types of sintering media.
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    Research Status and Progress of Coal Mine Gas Sensor Based on Metal Oxide Semiconductor
    CHEN Xiangxiang, LIU Tianhao, OUYANG Yunfei, HUANG Shiyi, ZHANG Chaoyang, LUO Shengwei, CHEN Runxuan, LIN Xiuhe
    Metal Mine    2023, 52 (11): 34-44.  
    Abstract25)      PDF(pc) (1931KB)(49)       Save
    Coal mine gas is the main cause of safety accidents in China′s coal mines and related metal mines. Methane, as the main component of coal mine gas,can be effectively monitored and alerted in a timely manner using high-performance gas sensors,which can guarantee the safety of underground mining operations. Metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors have several advantages,including low cost,compact size,excellent stability and rapid response,as compared to alternative gas sensors such as electrochemical,gas chromatography,catalytic combustion and optical sensors. These advantages contribute to the extensive range of applications and promising prospects associated with MOS gas sensors. This paper introduces several common metal oxide semiconductor methane gas sensitive materials,analyzes their methane gas sensing principles and advantages,and concludes that morphology regulation,noble metal doping,and heterogeneous junction construction are the main three directions for enhancing metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor sensitivity performance. There is a need to further optimize the preparation around three gas-sensitive enhancement mechanisms such as surface resistance control,chemical sensitization and electronic sensitization. All in all,metal oxide semiconductor gas-sensitive materials research provides the foundation for developing highperformance gas sensors vital for helping guarantee mine safety and sustainable production.
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    Research Status and Prospect of Steel Slag Mineralization for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration
    XIE Yuantao, FENG Xiaoxin
    Metal Mine    2023, 52 (11): 45-54.  
    Abstract35)      PDF(pc) (1684KB)(52)       Save
    In recent ten years,the technology of CO2 capture and sequestration by mineralization of alkaline industrial solid wastes has been rapidly developed,and is considered as one of the effective technologies to utilize solid waste and mitigate global warming. Steel slag is a high-yield calcium-rich solid waste,which has excellent availability and economic value for CO2 capture and sequestration. This paper reviewed the methods of CO2 capture and sequestration ( CCS) with mineralization of steel slag,including direct mineralization and indirect mineralization methods. Firstly,the wet and dry methods of direct mineralization were analyzed,and it was found that the efficiency of wet mineralization was superior to that of dry mineralization. Factors such as reaction temperature,reaction time,steel slag particle size and liquid-solid ratio can all affect the diffusion of calcium and magnesium ions in steel slag and the reaction rate with CO2. The principle of improving the efficiency of wet mineralization at present can be basically attributed to promoting the mineralization reaction in the direction of positive reaction. Then, two important steps of the indirect mineralization method were analyzed,including ion leaching and carbon sequestration in leaching solution. It was believed that the carbon sequestration efficiency largely depends on the leaching rate of Ca2+ and Mg2+. The effects of strong acid and weak acid reaction conditions on ion leaching were summarized,as well as the process route and optimization methods of the CO2 capture and sequestration in leaching liquid. Finally,the future research directions in this field were prospected. For example,it is necessary to improve and perfect the thermodynamic and kinetic theoretical system of CO 2 capture and sequestration by steel slag. In order to realize the industrial development of this technology,it is necessary to carry out pilot research on large-scale industrialization and develop high-value application of carbonated steel slag.
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    Status on Gas Sensing Properties of Semiconductor Materials Based on Substrate Interface Control
    YAN Chenghao, LU Rui, TANG Chao, LI Ang, BAI Jinzhou, ZHAO Sikai, SHEN Yanbai
    Metal Mine    2023, 52 (11): 55-66.  
    Abstract19)      PDF(pc) (2929KB)(51)       Save
    The substrate interface plays a very important role in the crystal growth and gas sensing properties of gas sensing materials. It not only provides nucleation sites for the growth of crystals,but also controls the microstructural morphology of the sensing materials,thereby further affecting their gas sensing properties. This paper mainly summarizes the effects of conventional substrates such as silicon substrate,glass substrate,Al2O3 substrate,AAO substrate and clay mineral substrate on the growth characteristics and gas sensing properties of gas sensing materials. The structural characteristics of several substrates, the methods and properties of interface control,and the growth and characteristics of gas sensing materials were analyzed. The conventional substrates have relatively stable physical and chemical properties,which is beneficial to obtain gas sensing materials with high crystallinity,large specific surface area and excellent gas sensing properties. However,there are still some structural characteristics that are not conducive to material growth,such as smooth surface,lattice mismatch,low high-temperature resistance and poor acid / alkali resistance. Therefore,the interface control of the substrate in the material growth process is necessary to ameliorate defects and obtain gas sensing nanomaterials with superior performance. Clay mineral substrate can solve some problems existing in conventional substrate,but the structure and performance of substrate still need to be improved and optimized. Then,based on the research progress at home and abroad,the effects of interfacial control methods such as precious metal catalyst layer regulation,porosity treatment,seed layer pretreatment and binary composite preparation on the micro-morphology and gas sensitive properties of gas-sensing nanomaterials were discussed. The future development direction of gas-sensing nanomaterials prepared by substrate method was also prospected. The improvement and development of the substrate will improve the performance of gas-sensing nanomaterials and promote the application of semiconductor gas sensors in mines,which is of great significance to the green development of mining resources.
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    Mechanism of Degradation of Hexachlorobenzene by Activating Aluminum Silicate Minerals using Mechanochemical Method
    HE Xiaoman, XU Xincheng, YAO Zhenzhen, ZHANG Qiwu, YANG Wei
    Metal Mine    2023, 52 (11): 67-73.  
    Abstract19)      PDF(pc) (1676KB)(47)       Save
    In view of the long-term problem that hexachlorobenzene ( HCB) is difficult to degrade in soil, based on mechanochemical method,this study systematically investigated the degradation effect of aluminum silicate ( kaolin,muscovite and bentonite) in soil,and discussed the influence of milling speed,milling time and initial concentration of HCB on the degradation efficiency of HCB. When the concentration of HCB is 50 000 mg / kg,after 2 h ball milling at 600 r / min,the HCB removal ability of aluminoid silicate minerals is ranked as follows:kaolin,muscovite and bentonite. The removal rates of HCB by kaolin and muscovite are 90. 13% and 85. 72%,respectively,and the bentonite hardly degrades HCB. The removal rate of HCB increased with the increase of milling time and was positively correlated with the rotational speed. The decrease of the initial concentration of HCB is conducive to the degradation and dechlorination efficiency of HCB. When HCB is at a high concentration level of 50 000 mg / kg,the dechlorination efficiency of kaolin and muscovite is low;When HCB is at a low concentration level of 2 500 mg / kg,the dechlorination effect of kaolin and muscovite is improved,and the dechlorination effect of kaolin is better than that of muscovite. Using ESR to detect the free radical signal,it was found that kaolin produced high reactive oxygen species free radicals under mechanochemical action,while muscovite and bentonite did not produce free radicals. GC-MS was used to analyze the degradation intermediates of HCB. When kaolin was used as an additive,the free radicals generated caused C—Cl of HCB to fracture. After continuous dechlorination process,the stable structure of HCB was broken and a series of unstable Cl-containing intermediates were formed. In summary,aluminum silicate minerals can degrade HCB efficiently under mechanical and chemical action,and are cheap and easy to cause no secondary pollution,which has a wide range of application potential in the field of soil remediation.
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    Preparation of Alkali Leaching Modified Serpentine Tailings Adsorption Material and Its Adsorption Performance for Copper Ions
    LIU Wenbao, DING Rui, LIU Wengang, LI Weichao, ZHANG Qin, SHEN Yanbai, LIU Ruizhe
    Metal Mine    2023, 52 (11): 74-80.  
    Abstract27)      PDF(pc) (1807KB)(69)       Save
    In order to improve the removal efficiency of Cu2+ from serpentine leaching tailings (ALS) and realize the efficient removal of Cu2+ from wastewater,the study modified serpentine leaching tailings by alkali leaching,and explored the influence of modified serpentine leaching tailings (AALS) on Cu2+ removal performance in wastewater. The results showed that the optimum modification effect was obtained when the mass ratio of serpentine leaching tailings to sodium hydroxide was 1 ∶0. 12, the modification temperature was 30. 0℃ and the modification time was 90. 0 min. The mechanism of alkali modified serpentine leaching tailings was studied by means of BET,SEM,XRD and FTIR. The results showed that the specific surface area of serpentine leaching tailings was increased from 22. 62 m2 / g to 67. 19 m2 / g by alkali modification,and the structure of serpentine leaching tailings was eroded by alkali,which resulted in the exposure of more Si—O—Si and Si—O functional groups and enhanced the adsorption sites of Cu2+ on the particle surface. The optimum adsorption conditions of AALS for Cu2+ in solution are as follows:the amount of AALS is 0. 15 g,the adsorption time is 15. 0 min,the pH value of the solution is 5. 39,the adsorption capacity and the removal rate of Cu2+ in 50. 0 mL of 125. 0 mg / L Cu2+ solution are 40. 68 mg / g and 95. 27%,respectively. The adsorption kinetics fitting results show that the adsorption of Cu2+ on AALS is more suitable to be simulated by a quasi-secondorder kinetic model,which shows that Cu2+ is mainly chemisorbed on AALS surface. The desorption test shows that hydrochloric acid can not only regenerate the AALS,but also has a high adsorption rate for copper ions in the solution after repeated analytical regeneration. This study provides reference and guidance for the preparation of serpentine tailings modified materials and the adsorption treatment of heavy metal Cu2+ in solution.
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    Review on the Research and Application of Water Spray Dust-reduction Technology in Mines
    JIN Longzhe, LIU Jianguo, LIN Qingxia, ZHOU Yuzhu, LI Gang, WANG Shu, WEI Yixuan, OU Shengnan, WANG Tianyang, WANG Jiahui, WANG Jiahui
    Metal Mine    2023, 52 (07): 2-17.  
    Abstract108)      PDF(pc) (2682KB)(251)       Save
    With the advantages of simple operation,low cost and high dust removal efficiency,spray has become one of the most widely used dust-reduction technologies in underground mines. However,traditional spray technology generally has the problems of large spray particle size and low removal efficiency for respiratory dust. For the above problems,scholars have carried out extensive research on the spray dust-reduction technology in recent 20 years. However,the research and application status of this technology are rarely reviewed. Based on this situation,according to the relevant literature in recent 20 years,the research status of the mechanism of spray atomization,evaluation parameters and test methods of spray atomization effect,influencing factors of spray atomization effect,and spray dust efficiency and its influene law are summarized. The results showed that:① the evaluation parameters of spray atomization performance mainly include spray particle size,spray speed,and spray range;② Spray atomization performance is closely related to nozzle structure,air and water pressure,physical characteristics of liquid,etc. ;③ The smaller the spray droplet particle size,the faster the droplet speed,the higher the adsorption efficiency of droplet on dust. According to the research status,the current deficiencies are analyzed,and the main research directions for the future are proposed. That is,further explore the mechanism of spray atomization,improve the evaluation parameters of spray atomization performance,standardize the measurement method of spray dust removal efficiency,and pay attention to the impact of spray additives on the workers′ health and working environment.
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    Present Situation and Prospect of Mine Geothermal Hazard Control Technology
    LIU Jingxian, LI Guodong, CHANG Deqiang, LI Yuanhui
    Metal Mine    2023, 52 (07): 18-27.  
    Abstract113)      PDF(pc) (1563KB)(249)       Save
    Mine geothermal hazard is one of the important factors for deep safety mining. Effective and economical mine cooling techniques are particularly important for the safe and efficient mining of deep,high-temperature mines. The types of mine heat sources and the impact of thermal hazard on people are analyzed,and the current state of research on the principles and applications of mine cooling technologies is reviewed. The non-artificial refrigeration technology for the mine with light or shallow thermal hazard is studied,and the various artificial cooling and refrigeration technology for the mine with heavy thermal hazard and deep mine are expounded emphatically. The advantages and disadvantages of cooling technology,individual protective clothing and vortex tube combined with mine microclimate control technology and the progress of application research in the mine site are compared and analyzed. The common problems of the current cooling technologies are pointed out,and the future technical development trend of geothermal control and waste heat recovery and utilization are discussed,so as to provide certain reference for the selection of suitable deep shaft cooling technology. The results show that although the current mine cooling technology is developing rapidly,there are problems such as large energy consumption,complex refrigeration equipment systems and difficulty in maintenance,high humidity in mines that only focus on cooling,failure to fully utilize the geothermal energy value of mines,and less research on special cooling systems for non-coal mines. In view of the common problems of mine cooling systems,it is proposed to develop new energy-saving and efficient cooling technologies,focus on the development of refrigeration equipment,adhere to the principle of both cooling and dehumidification,make full use of mine geothermal energy and design mine cooling technologies for non-coal mines.
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    Technical Path of New Intelligent Mode of Open-pit Mine under the Background of "Dual Carbon" 
    GU Qinghua, LI Xuexian, LU Caiwu, RUAN Shunling, JIANG Song
    Metal Mine    2023, 52 (05): 1-13.  
    Abstract797)      PDF(pc) (3164KB)(313)       Save
    With the continuous development of intelligent mining technology,the mining model needs to be continuously innovated. At present,there are still many urgent problems that should be tackled in the intelligent construction of open-pit mine in China. The traditional mining design and technology can no longer adapt to the development of unmanned,new energy and other intelligent equipment,and new challenges are proposed to the original production mode and equipment under the background of " dual carbon" . By reviewing the current status of intelligent construction of open-pit mine,this paper focuses on the transformation and upgrading of low carbon intelligent mining under the background of " dual carbon" ,and explores a new mode of low carbon,continuous,efficient and safe intelligent construction named as the CDEC mining mode. The mode includes four aspects:clean energy development and carbon storage and utilization ( Carbon),new concept of open-pit mining design (Design),customized scheme of new energy intelligent equipment (Equipment) and continuous production process of open-pit mine (Continuous). Then,the technical path of this mode is explored from three aspects:establishing a renewable energy system with multiple energy sources complementing each other,exploring a low-carbon continuous production process in open-pit mine,and developing a carbon storage and ecological carbon sink technology system. In the end,the green energy supply and utilization style of " renewable energy utilization+ new energy equipment + carbon storage and utilization" will be realized,and the unmanned continuous production process of " mobile surge loader (optional) + unmanned driving + crushing system + belt transport or lifting device" will be formed,thus providing guidance for the intelligent construction of open-pit mine under the background of " dual carbon" .
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    Basic Concepts and Research Contents about Intelligent Blasting
    WU Chunping, WANG Xuguang
    Metal Mine    2023, 52 (05): 59-63.  
    Abstract59)      PDF(pc) (1824KB)(205)       Save
    In order to properly guide its development direction,any new theory has an application scope and needs to be accurately defined. It has become a consensus in the industry to promote intelligent blasting,but there are still different opinions in the industry on how to define intelligent blasting and what should be studied about intelligent blasting. According to the extension and connotation of intelligence and the domain of blasting,the definition of intelligent blasting can be summed as:the use of 5G,artificial intelligence,big data,cloud computing and other new generation of information technology,the gamut of manufacturing activities from blasting design and operation to management and services are combined with each other and fused to establish a comprehensive integrated blasting technology characterized by a range of functional capabilities such as self-perception of deep information,smart-based optimum self-decision making and precision-controlled self-execution,and to solve some blasting issues required human experts to deal with previously,for the purpose of safe,green,intelligent and efficient engineering. Beyond the definition,the main research contents of intelligent blasting are specified as follows:theories and methods of intelligent blasting,collecting and processing technologies of blasting multiple heterogeneous information,intelligent sensing technologies for perceiving blasting surroundings,highly intelligent equipment and technologies of blasting operations,transmission,interaction and processing technologies of blasting information,besides that,the typical industrial application scenarios of intelligent blasting is disscussed. Finally,the development direction of intelligent blasting is given for the future,so as to provide reference for the similar studies.
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    Research Status and Prospect of Thermal Environment Regulation of the Deep Mine of China in the Past 20 Years
    WANG Yunmin, LI Gang, XU Yu, REN Jiaze, JIA Mintao, ZHOU Wei
    Metal Mine    2023, 52 (03): 1-13.  
    Abstract767)      PDF(pc) (3472KB)(311)       Save
    As mining engineering proceeds to increasingly greater depths,higher rock temperatures and thermal stress pose a major challenge for the safe and efficient exploitation of deep resources. Mine ventilation and air conditioning gradually becomes the main energy consumption in deep mineral resources development,and concerns the mine production environment and costs,and sustainability of mining industry. The development evolution of mine ventilation and heat transfer theory and the research status of mine cooling technology are summarized. Besides,the characteristics of common cooling technology in mines are analyzed,and the future development direction of mine thermal environment control is forecasted. The study results show that:At present,the method of mechanical refrigeration and ventilation cooling is the main choice for mine heat hazard control, but it do not efficiently meet the cooling requirements of deep mines owing to high operational cost,difficult maintenance,low cooling efficiency,and low cooling capacity. To improve the effect of heat hazard control in deep mines,the new idea of “reducing source and opening flow” should be advocated,active cooling measures should be carried out during mine development,and multiple cooling methods should be implemented simultaneously. In addition,the cooling system combined with intelligent ventilation can control temperature more accurately and reduces the requirement of cooling capability. Circulation ventilation cooling technology can be adopted to improve the utilization rate of cooling capacity. High-performance cooling protective clothing should be developed and applied in special high-temperature working scenarios. The key to cooling the deep mine effectively and upgrading the energy structure is to transform the traditional technical thinking of heat hazard control into the conception of geothermal resource utilization in mines,and combine mine thermal environment control and geothermal resource exploitation.
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    Study Status and Development Direction of Loss and Dilution in Non-pillar Sublevel Caving Method in China
    HE Rongxing, CHEN Liyuan, REN Fengyu
    Metal Mine    2022, 51 (11): 1-9.  
    Abstract205)      PDF(pc) (1950KB)(434)       Save
    It is safe in production,have high mining intensity,high efficiency and a simple recovery process in non-pillar sublevel caving,which occupies a large proportion in underground mining.However,the problem of large loss and dilution limit the application of this method in precious metal mines,which is a research hotspot of many scholars.This study summarizes the 60 year development process of non-pillar sublevel caving method,and systematically summarizes the study status of control loss and dilution from the four aspects,including ore drawing theory,stope structure parameters,ore drawing method and roadway layout form,and overburden layer.Only the flowing characteristics of granular is considered in the ore drawing theory,and the factors such as blasting block size,ore drawing port size,side hole angle,and shovel depth are not included in the ore drawing theory.The stope structure parameters determined according to the shape of ore drawing of drawing theory,which cause stope structure parameters are not optimal parameters.In actual production,the low-dilution ore drawing method is not strictly followed,and the layout of the mining roadway cannot fully adapt to the changes in the shovel loading of the ore body,and the formation method of overburden layer is not conducive to loss dilution control in some mines.In view of these problems,the study direction and measures to further control the non-pillar caving method are put forward,which has theoretical guiding significance for the production mine to further control the loss and dilution indexes.
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    Main Study Progress and Prospect of Geo-electrochemistry Technology in China
    LIU Panfeng, LUO Xianrong, WEN Meilan, ZHENG Chaojie, OUYANG Fei, SHAN Jiangtao, GAO Wen
    Metal Mine    2022, 51 (11): 10-22.  
    Abstract106)      PDF(pc) (2305KB)(327)       Save
    Based on a review of the development history of geoelectrochemical technology in China,the development of geoelectrochemical technology is summarized,and the research progress of geoelectrochemical technology made since 2011 is emphatically analyzed as follows:① The halo-forming mechanism of "segmented theory" is put forward,which is divided into the generation process for ore-forming-related metal particles (mainly electrochemical dissolution),the migration process of metal particle (containing aeration and saturated zone),and the unloading process of metal particle (geochemical barrier).② The manufacturing process of extraction electrode is simplified which maximizing the material performance and the preprocessing methods with adsorption material (polyurethane foam) is improved.Meanwhile,the controllability of the instrumentation power supply is optimized which resulting in the reality of relevant data (instantaneous voltage and current) collection and recordation during geo-electrochemical extraction.③ The whole progress of geo-electrochemical technology,from sample collection,processing,testing and analysis is standardized and the Technical Specification of Geo-electrochemical Measurement (Version for Comment) is drafted.④ In terms of application,favoring prospecting results and predictive progress have been respectively achieved not only in different coverage and typical mining areas but also in soil heavy metal remediation.Based on the above discussion results,the future development of geo-electrochemical technology is envisioned from three aspects:① From the macroscopically study perspective of elemental content changes and occurrence forms on the shallow surface (both on bedrock and weathering layer-soil):with the microscopic point of view,to observe the elemental migration forms and factors affecting their distribution with the help of high-resolution electron microscope to further improve the method and mechanism.② based on the concept of portability,automation and commercialization,further attention will be focused on optimizing the time control and data storage function of the power supply,and improving the visualization and application degree of the environmental protection materials for the extraction device,and applying more mature statistical methods to extract weak abnormal information from geoelectric data to meet the demand of the exploration market as far as possible.③ To enhance the universality of technology application in other fields,it is necessary to accelerate the compilation of technical regulations,which can further deepen the application of geo-electrochemistry technology in the field of soil heavy metal remediation.
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    Study Progress and Outlook of Pulsed-jet Cleaning Technology for Filter Cartridge of Dust Collector
    LI Jianlong, CHEN Yuanzheng, LIN Zijie, WU Quanquan, WU Daishe
    Metal Mine    2022, 51 (11): 23-35.  
    Abstract68)      PDF(pc) (2206KB)(309)       Save
    Filter cartridge cleaning is the key process in the operation of the dust collector.Pulsed-jet reverse airflow cleaning technology,as the most widely used cleaning technology,has the advantages of simple operated,airflow uninterrupted and so on.In recent years,the proportion of pulse-jet cleaning filter cartridge dust collectors in industry is gradually increased for its technology advantages and related research is developed rapidly.Researchers have extensively explored the pulse-jet cleaning technology of filter cartridges using theoretical analysis,experimental research and numerical simulation,and have made a lot of useful progress.This paper describes the basic principle of dust filter cartridge pulse-jet cleaning technology,the adhesion of dust cake,and the evaluation method of dust removal effect.Main factors affecting dust cleaning performance of the filter cartridge are analyzed,main problems are outlined,the latest progress of improvement measures to improve dust removal uniformity are summarized,and the development direction of dust filter cartridge pulse-jet cleaning technology are pointed out.The research shows that the theory of pulse jet pressure is generally adopted to understand the mechanism and the static pressure on the filter wall is taken as the jetting index.The evaluation of cleaning effect is mainly based on the change of filtration resistance and fallen dust mass.The jet deviation,patchy cleaning and dust re-deposition are common problems faced by the filter cartridge,of which the patchy cleaning is the focus of current research.The main measures to improve the dust cleaning performance of the filter cartridge are nozzle designing,venturi tube addition,filter cartridge structure optimization,jet strategy improvement and so on.Among them,opposing pulse jet cleaning technology breaks through the limitation of single-point source type and has great potential to overcome the patchy cleaning problem.Key points for future research including theory analysis of pulse jet filter cylinder cleaning,structure design of pulse jet cleaning and parameter optimization,regular analysis of dust cake releasing and migration,and establishment of specification for pulse jet system and parameter.The research results can provide reference for the development and engineering application of pulse-jet cleaning technology for dust filter cartridge.
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    Study Prospect of Precision Blasting Technology in Open-pit Deep Hole Bench
    XIE Xianqi, HUANG Xiaowu, YAO Yingkang, HE Li, WU Yue
    Metal Mine    2022, 51 (07): 7-18.  
    Abstract1058)      PDF(pc) (3836KB)(726)       Save
    Since the 21st century,with the progress and development of drilling equipment and blasting equipment,scale of open-pit blasting mining is expanding,and the open-pit deep hole bench blasting technology enters a new stage of refinement.In recent years,open-pit deep-hole bench blasting technology make great technological breakthroughs and create remarkable social and economic benefits.Based on the concept of precise blasting,the research progress of intelligent blasting design,open-pit drilling equipment,digital electronic detonator,field mixed explosive,charge structure and initiation network in the field of open-pit deep-hole bench blasting are summarized and described.The study results show that:① There are many types of intelligent blasting design systems and the progress is obvious.It is necessary to increase the promotion efforts in combination with the production practice to truly achieve the goal of auxiliary engineering design.② The manufacturing capacity of open-pit drilling equipment in China lags behind that of the developed countries in the world.It is necessary to develop the specifications and performance of the equipment and improve the level of automation and intelligence.③ Digital electronic detonators and field mixed explosives enhance the intrinsic safety of blasting equipment,not only improve the safety of blasting equipment,but also help to improve rock breaking effect and reduce blasting vibration.④ The charge structure and initiation network are important embodiments of precision blasting technology,but the relevant basic theories are not perfect.It is necessary to strengthen the interdisciplinary integration,and ultimately achieve the accurate release of explosive energy and improve the energy utilization rate.The development status and main problems of open-pit deep-hole bench blasting technology are analyzed,and the research and development direction of this technology is discussed.
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    Comprehensive Utilization of Ultra-fine Metal Tailings and Its Problems and Countermeasures in the Application of Backfill Materials
    LIU Juanhong, ZHOU Zaibo
    Metal Mine    2022, 51 (07): 240-249.  
    Abstract140)      PDF(pc) (1382KB)(393)       Save
    Based on the present situation of the application of finegrained tailings,combined with the big hidden danger of dam construction and storage of fine-grained tailings and the long-term goal of the 14th Five-year Plan,the comprehensive utilization of ultra-fine metal tailings and its problems and countermeasures in the application of backfill materials are discussed.In view of the low utilization rate of fine tailings in building materials,this paper expounds the methods of applying tailings to ecological cementitious materials,cementbased materials and concrete admixtures.In view of the problems of low thickening concentration of the fine-grained tailings,poor workability and mechanical of backfilling materials,the dense synergist,anti-bleeding material and crystal nuclear material are put forward,and the improvement effect of water reducing agent and microbeads on transport performance was studied.Meanwhile,their action mechanism is expounded.The deficiency in the research of metal tailings and the countermeasures of comprehensive utilization in the future are discussed.It provides technical and theoretical support for comprehensive utilization of fine-grained metal tailings and solving the problems existing in mine backfilling.
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    Background and New Thinking about Intelligent Blasting
    WANG Xuguang, WU Chunping
    Metal Mine    2022, 51 (07): 2-6.  
    Abstract1295)      PDF(pc) (1312KB)(793)       Save
    Engineering blasting has gradually developed into an independent and systematic research field.However,there are some bottleneck problems at present,such as lack of fundamental breakthrough in blasting theories,difficulties to collect blasting multiple heterogeneous information,lack of effective technologies for blasting surroundings perception,deficiency of blasting operations accuracy,and lack of unified data interaction and information processing mechanism.These problems hindered the development of blasting technologies to the direction of "precision control".In recent years,the concept of informatization has gained increased attention.In addition,the new generation of information technologies such as 5G,artificial intelligence(AI),big data,and cloud computing accelerate the penetration and deep integration with various fields of economy and society.The authors propose the development direction of intelligent blasting,based on the new generation of information technology and the development trend of blasting industry in China.The historical background and new thinking model of intelligent blasting were introduced.
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    Research and Development Path of Smart Mine Technology System
    WANG Guofa, PANG Yihui, REN Huaiwei
    Metal Mine    2022, 51 (05): 1-9.  
    Abstract952)      PDF(pc) (2060KB)(549)       Save
    Based on the development status quo of China′s mineral resources,the necessity of intelligent mine construction,the construction concept and connotation were analyzed,the key common problems existing in the construction of smart mines at the present stage were discussed,and the the shortterm,mediumterm and longterm goals of China′s smart mine construction were determined.Aiming at the difference between the coal resource exploitation condition and the intelligent construction foundation in China,the overall technical framework of intelligent coal mine construction was established.The technical path of intelligent coal mine construction was put forward from two dimensions of production mine and new mine,and the key contents of intelligent coal mine classification and classification construction under different construction conditions were clarified.The experience and stage achievements of intelligent construction in Zhangjiamao Coal Mine and Balasu Coal Mine were systematically expounded,and the main technical paths for realizing highquality development of smart mines in China were proposed.
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    Development Status and Prospect of Mining System Engineering Under the Background of Artificial Intelligence
    GU Qinghua, JIANG Song, LI Xuexian, LU Caiwu, CHEN Lu
    Metal Mine    2022, 51 (05): 10-25.  
    Abstract337)      PDF(pc) (2418KB)(489)       Save
    Mining systems engineering is an interdisciplinary direction of mining engineering and systems engineering.With the rise of the fourth industrial revolution centered on artificial intelligence technology,mining system engineering has ushered in unprecedented development opportunities and challenges.Firstly,the basic theories and study methods involved in mining system engineering are sorted.On this basis,the development history of artificial intelligence technology in mining system engineering is reviewed.Through the analysis of the published study results,the characteristics and applied objects of mining system engineering under the background of artificial intelligence and big data are put forward.Finally,the development trend of future mining system engineering in interdisciplinary application,large system optimization,and intelligent mining are pointed out.The study results show that artificial intelligence methods represented by evolutionary computing and machine learning play an increasingly significant role in four important directions,including new generation of new energy intelligent unmanned mining equipment;new technology,new process and new mode of unmanned mining;intelligent mining production processes;multisystem big data platform.These methods are the core technologies that will lead the construction of smart mines in the future.The combination of artificial intelligence technology and traditional mining technology will surely push the discipline of mining systems engineering into a new historical stage.
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