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    15 July 2025, Volume 54 Issue 7
    The Idea of "Mining Technology Reconstructing" and Its Application in Mining Method Development 
    CHEN Qingfa   XUAN Haoran   SHANG Yu   GAN Quan   FU Zhenyu   LI Jianhui
    2025, 54(7):  1-7. 
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    1. School of Resources,Environment and Materials,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China; 2. Hechi Wuji Co. ,Ltd. ,Hechi 547000,China
    Study on the Stability of Pre-backfilling and Remining Pillar in Room Goaf 
    2025, 54(7):  8-15. 
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    The mine room goaf is limited by the unknown distribution of pillars in the mining area,the stability of mine pillars is difficult to control and other factors,a large number of mineral resources remain underground,which not only causes a waste of resources,but also may induce roof dynamic disasters. A mine in Shandong plans to carry out re-mining of the early left room pillar,and puts forward the method of pre-backfilling goaf and arranging fully mechanized mining face to recover mine resources. Therefore,a numerical model for checking the ultimate strength of mine pillar is established. The stability discrimination formula of mine pillar in the original state and the backfilling reinforcement is obtained. In both cases,the ultimate strength of mine pillar decreases nonlinearly with the increase of aspect ratio. The actual occurrence form of mine pillar in goaf is drawn based on CAD software,and the numerical model of pre-backfilling and re-mining of irregular pillar is constructed by introducing MIDAS NX software to study the stability of mine pillar and stope pressure of fully mechanized coal face with different advancing distances. The results show that when the working face is advanced to 120 m,the mine pillar near the working face is destroyed one after another,while in the case of backfilling,the stress in the elastic core area of all mine pillars decreases and the load does not reach the ultimate strength. The study results verify the feasibility of the method of recovering mine room pillars by cemented prefilling,which has certain reference significance for the recovery of idle resources. 
    Control Technology of Weak Rock Roadway Subjected to High Stress by Regenerated Bearing Layer Formed from "Anchor-Net-Cable Injection" Closing
    NIE Jigang   XIN Yajun ,   WANG Fei   TIAN Menghan   JI Hongying ,
    2025, 54(7):  16-24. 
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    It is difficult to support surrounding rock of high-stress weak rock roadway which seriously deformed. By analyzing the deformation failure characteristics and the instability causes of weak surrounding rock of high-stress roadway in Shunhe Coal Mine,the paper discussed the deformation mechanics mechanism of weak surrounding rock of high-stress roadway,put forward the technology of horizontal “D” type closed regenerated bearing layer of surrounding rock,and carried out the numerical calculation and industrial test of the design scheme. The results showed that:① the deformation failure characteristics of weak surrounding rock in high stress roadway in Shunhe Coal Mine were as follows:bending subsidence of whole roof,two-wall serious extrusion,large floor heave,and the initial deformation was large,the self-stabilizing time short,and the surrounding rock rheological serious. The main reason of surrounding rock instability were high stress environment, low strength surrounding rock,water immersion crack and unreasonable support. ② -702 m horizontal west-wing track roadway (section Ⅱ) in Shunhe Coal Mine is a high-stress,jointly-expansive (HJS) weak rock roadway,and the mechanics transformation mechanism of surrounding rock control was ⅠACⅡBCⅢBCD→ⅠACⅡBCⅢD→ⅠCⅡBC→ⅡB(water absorption,micro-crack ⅠAC -gravity,hydraulic ⅡBC -intercalation,stratification,joint ⅢBCD → water absorption,micro-crack ⅠAC -gravity,hydraulic ⅡBC -joint ⅢD → micro-crack ⅠC -gravity,hydraulic ⅡBC→ gravity ⅡB ). ③ The regenerated loading layer structure of arch horizontal “D” type deformed with foundation by floor grouting and grouting anchor cable,and with gradient grouting in deep and shallow holes in roof and two sides can promote effectively the stability of surrounding rock of high stress weak rock roadway. ④ The control technology of the closed bearing layer of high stress weak rock roadway with “anchor net injection” was put forward. The application results indicated that the roadway section shrinkage less than 1%,and the surrounding rock control effect is remarkable. 
    Study on Inversion Method of In-Situ Stress Field in the Deep Mining Process of Sishanling Based on Unloading Stress 
    CUI Song   WANG Xiaonan   DING Yong   LIU Yang   GUAN Guangxue   SONG Jiancun   SHI Shuhao   JIN Changyu
    2025, 54(7):  25-32. 
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    As the main load of underground engineering,the theoretical analysis and regression method of in-situ stress have always been a research hotspot in geotechnical field. Influenced by the uncertainty of geological evolution process,geological conditions and in-situ stress test accuracy,the problem of non-uniqueness of solution and local optimization is easy to appear in the process of in-situ stress field regression. Therefore,this paper proposes a fine in-situ stress field inversion method considering unloading stress. Firstly,the values of original rock in-situ stress and unloading in-situ stress are obtained through field test. Then,the geological evolution and mining disturbance process are simulated by numerical calculation,and the boundary conditions of the model are inverted by neural network by using the stress values at key nodes on the rock mass path. Finally,the boundary conditions obtained by inversion are input into the calculation model,and then the in-situ stress field in the engineering area is calculated. According to the method proposed in this paper,the in-situ stress field in deep mining area of Sishanling is inverted,and the scientificity and applicability of the method proposed in this paper are proved by the in-situ stress test value and ground pressure failure phenomenon,which also provides reference for the stability analysis of deep mining area of Sishanling Mine. 
    Study on the Damage and Rupture Mechanism of Red Sandstone under the Influence of Fracture Type and Dip Angle 
    WANG Xiong ,   LIU Xiaoyu   YUAN Chao   MA Zhimin
    2025, 54(7):  33-42. 
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    The instability of rock mass usually starts from the fractures,and different fracture types and angles have a significant impact on its failure characteristics. This article simulates the structural effects of actual rock masses by prefabricating different fracture dip angles in the original rock,and intends to conduct triaxial compression and numerical simulation experiments on fractured sandstone to study the influence of open / closed fracture dip angles and confining pressure on the mechanical properties and failure modes of sandstone. The results show that:① With the increase of the dip angle of the closed fracture,the peak stress and elastic modulus of the rock sample first decrease and then increase. With the increase of confining pressure,both the elastic modulus and peak stress of the closed fracture rock mass increase. ② The peak stress of red sandstone with open and closed fractures is positively correlated with the proportion of microcracks generated during the failure process. That is, the stronger the bearing capacity of red sandstone, the more microcracks are generated during the failure process,and the more severe the degree of rupture. This indicates that the proportion of microcracks can be used as an important indicator to quantify the degree of internal damage in the model specimen. ③ The closed crack in the vertical loading direction closes at the tip after compression,and the stress concentration degree at the tip is smaller than that caused by the nonuniformity of sandstone particles,resulting in a failure mode and peak stress that is close to that of the intact rock sample;After the opening crack in the vertical loading direction is compressed,severe tensile stress concentration occurs at the tip,and the tip first generates a tensile crack that extends along the compression direction,resulting in a smaller peak stress. The above research results reveal the deformation and fracture mechanisms of open / closed fractured rock masses under different dip angles, which can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of engineering disasters and safety evaluation of fractured rock masses. 
    Strength Prediction and Influencing Factor Analysis of Frozen Soil Based on the XGBoost Algorithm Method 
    WANG Chenguang ,   QIN Haoran ,   YANG Chaoyue   WANG Yanning ,
    2025, 54(7):  43-50. 
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    In the construction of deep and thick stratum shafts,the freezing method is often employed,where the unconfined compressive strength is a crucial mechanical parameter in frozen design. Due to the limitations of indoor experiments and the complexity of influencing factors,the applicability of empirical strength formulas is poor. This study utilizes the highly integrated XGBoost algorithm to predict the strength of frozen soil with different particle size distributions. In comparison with other empirical methods,it exhibits higher accuracy. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis suggested the need for further exploration of the nonlinear correlation between temperature,strain rate,and unconfined compressive strength of frozen soil. The results indicate a strong negative correlation between temperature and unconfined compressive strength;the strength exhibits a rapid increases in the early stage,followed by a moderate increase in the middle stage and a significant increase in the later stage. There is a positive correlation between strain rate and unconfined compressive strength,with varying sensitivities to different magnitudes of the strain rates. With lower strain rates,the strength slightly increases,while with higher strain rates,the strength increase becomes more pronounced. Although different soils exhibit similar trends,variations in particle size distribution lead to differences in final strength. This research provides a scientific basis for predicting soil strength during frozen subway connecting passage construction. 
    Resource Overview and Beneficiation Research Progress of Bastnaesite in China 
    WANG Donghui ,   XUE Kai ,   TIAN Jia ,   WANG Zhoujie ,   CAO Yue ,   GUO Yao ,   LI Guohuan ,   JIANG Xingcheng ,   LIU Qian ,
    2025, 54(7):  51-59. 
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    Bastnaesite is the primary global source of light rare earth elements ( LREEs). Its efficient separation and comprehensive utilization are critical for securing rare earth resource supply. However,inherent resource constraints create persistent technical challenges. These include complex mineral associations and fine dissemination size. Consequently,systematic review of mineral processing advances is urgently needed to underpin process optimization. This paper outlines deposit characteristics of China′s three major bastnaesite resources:Bayan Obo,Liangshan,and Weishan. It comprehensively evaluates combined separation processes, including magnetic-flotation, magnetic-gravity, gravity-flotation, and gravity-magnetic-flotation. Technical features and application scenarios are analyzed for each process. Analysis confirms future development must prioritize three interconnected pathways:strengthening modular gravity-magnetic-flotation integration to enhance complex ore processing; Advancing intelligent flotation systems incorporating dynamic pulp conditioning and precision reagent dosing;And establishing mineral genetic characteristic-driven separation models. This study provides fundamental guidance for selecting technological pathways toward efficient rare earth resource exploitation. 
    Kinetic Study of Dehydration Behavior During Hydrogen-based Mineral Phase Transformation of Limonite 
    GUO Chenyang ,   GAO Peng ,   TANG Zhidong ,   LIU Quankun ,   HAN Yuexin ,   LI Yanjun ,
    2025, 54(7):  60-65. 
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    Hydrogen-based mineral phase transformation technology is an effective method of processing refractory iron ore resources and is of great significance to the development of refractory iron ores in China. During the heating stage of the mineral phase transformation process,limonite dehydroxylates and the physical phase transforms from limonite to hematite, which has a greater impact on the subsequent reduction and milling processes,but its corresponding mechanism is less studied. In this paper,the effect of heating temperature and time on the dehydration of a typical Baozipu limonite ore during its hydrogen-based mineral phase transformation is investigated,the heat loss analysis and non-isothermal kinetic calculations were also performed using TG-DSC. The test results show that the weight loss of limonite dehydration is 5. 22% under the condition of heating temperature of 700 ℃ and heating in the air gas flow for 5 min. Non-isothermal kinetic calculations show that the apparent activation energy of the dehydration reaction of limonite is 197. 62 kJ/ mol,the most probable mechanism function is the D5 diffusion model,and the integral form is [(1 - α) -1/ 3 - 1] 2 . The main limiting link is the gas diffusion link. The key parameters and mechanism of dehydration behavior of Baozipu limonite ore in the heating stage of hydrogen-based mineral phase transformation were clarified,which provided an important basis for further understanding the process of hydrogen-based mineral phase transformation of limonite. 
    Research on the Effect of Sodium Cocoylglycinate on Flotation Separation of Siderite and Hematite 
    YIN Wanzhong  ZHANG Xishan  MA Yingqiang  WU Chunhui  ZHANG Rui
    2025, 54(7):  66-72. 
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    In order to solve the problem of unsatisfactory separation indicators of carbonate-containing hematite,taking siderite and hematite as the research objects and sodium cocoylglycinate + sodium oleate (SCG+NaOL) as the combined collecting agent,a systematic flotation experimental study on the efficient flotation separation of siderite and hematite was carried out. The interaction mechanism between the compound reagent and minerals was revealed through contact angle tests,Zeta potential tests,infrared spectroscopy analysis,surface tension tests and adsorption capacity tests. The results of the flotation test showed that the combined collector sodium cocoyl glycinate + sodium oleate (with a mass ratio of 7 ∶1) has good floatability for siderite but poor floatability for hematite. When the artificial mixed ore (with a mass ratio of siderite to hematite of 1 ∶4) was treated under the conditions of pH= 7 and the dosage of sodium cocoyl glycinate + sodium oleate was 100 mg / L,a foam product with a FeO content of 44. 07% and a siderite recovery rate of 71. 92% could be obtained,and the separation index was 6. 71. Compared with the starch-to-sodium oleate system,FeO grade and recovery rate of siderite increased by 6. 14 and 32. 10 percentage points respectively. Mechanism analysis indicated that the compounding of SCG and NaOL can significantly enhance the solubility of SCG. After the interaction of SCG+NaOL with the two minerals,the hydrophobicity of siderite and the hydrophilicity of hematite can be significantly improved. Meanwhile,compared with the starch +NaOL system,the SCG+NaOL reagent system is simple and can significantly improve the selectivity of siderite and hematite flotation separation. 
    Study on the Selective Inhibition of Guar Gum on Talc in Malachite Flotation 
    ZHANG Rui   YIN Wanzhong   ZHANG Xishan   WANG Ying
    2025, 54(7):  73-79. 
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    In order to achieve the selective separation of malachite and talc in sulfidization flotation,flotation tests were conducted using guar gum as an inhibitor,and the mechanism of its action was investigated by means of contact angle measurement,Zeta potential determination,FTIR and XPS analysis. The results of the flotation tests showed that the addition of guar gum could significantly reduce the interference of gangue mineral talc on malachite flotation. Under the conditions of pH = 10 and guar gum dosage of 30 mg / L, the floatability difference between malachite and talc in the pure mineral flotation test reached 57. 18 percentage points;In the artificial mixed ore test,the Cu grade of the concentrate increased by 4. 60 percentage points compared with that without guar gum,and the MgO grade decreased to 10. 72%,which significantly improved the concentrate quality and realized the effective separation of the two minerals. Mechanism analysis indicated that guar gum changed the surface properties of talc by making its surface transform from hydrophobic to hydrophilic;Moreover,guar gum could be selectively adsorbed on the surface of talc,with almost no adsorption on the surface of malachite,and the adsorption mode was physical adsorption. This process improved the flotation selectivity,enhanced the flotation efficiency of malachite,and thus realized the separation of malachite and talc. 
    Study on Mineral Processing Test of a Low-Grade Niobium-Tantalum Ores in Africa #br#
    NI Qingqing  GAO Zhi  LI Cuifen
    2025, 54(7):  80-85. 
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    An African weathered residual granite pegmatite niobium-tantalum ore contains Nb2O5 of 0. 011% and Ta2O5 of 0. 015% . Niobium and tantalum elements primarily reside in weakly magnetic minerals such as ferrocolumbite and manganotantalite. The ore exhibits intense kaolinization. In order to determine a suitable beneficiation testing procedure,systematic mineral processing investigations were conducted based on ore characteristics. Considering the low metallic mineral content,severe weathering,and high clay mineral content of the ore,a combined metallurgical process of " blunging,classification,grinding, low-intensity magnetic separation (LIMS),high-intensity magnetic separation (HIMS),classified shaking table,acid washing, and high-intensity magnetic separation (HIMS)" was established. The closed-circuit test achieved a niobium-tantalum concentrate assaying Nb2O5 of 26. 001% and Ta2O5 of 35. 713%,with recovery rates of 70. 03% for Nb2O5 and 69. 56% for Ta2O5 . The concentrate meets the requirements for Grade I products specified in the industry standard Tantalum Concentrates (YS / T 394—2007),providing technical support for the development of similar ore resources. 
    Process Mineralogy Study and Separation Method Demonstration of Flotation Niobium Concentrate in Bayan Obo 
    LIU Quankun ,   GAO Peng ,   LIU Jie ,   HE Jiahao ,   WANG Zihang ,   XU Mengting ,
    2025, 54(7):  86-93. 
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    In order to better develop and utilize the niobium ore resources in Baiyan Obo,the niobium flotation concentrate from Baiyan Obo rare earth tailings was studied by process mineralogy using chemical composition analysis,SEM,MLA and other testing methods,and the separation and recovery of this sample was explored and tested. The results showed that the niobium flotation concentrate from Baiyan Obo rare earth flotation tailings contained Nb2O5 of 1. 92% and TFe of 47. 80% . In addition,the contents of SiO2 and TiO2 were high of 9. 13% and 3. 89%,respectively,and the remaining S,P and Zn elements were low of 0. 22%,0. 09% and 0. 01%,respectively. Niobium elements are mainly distributed in the felsite,pyrochlore,niobium ferromanganese and niobium rutile,and a small amount of Nb exists in the silica-titanium-ceria felsite,and the niobium minerals have a low degree of dissociation of the monomers. In contrast,Fe is mainly present in magnetite / hematite and nepheline,while Fe minerals have a high degree of monomer dissociation. The main useful minerals,eclogite,are mainly contiguous with niobium rutile and magnetic / hematite,and the ratios of side lengths of niobium rutile and magnetic / hematite in contact with eclogite to the total side lengths of eclogite are 8. 28% and 6. 00%,respectively,while the magnetic / hematite is mainly contiguous with nepheline,and the ratio of side lengths of nepheline in contact with magnetic / hematite to the ratio of magnetic / hematite is 3. 30%. Due to the high content of iron minerals,niobium and iron embedded relationship is more complex,using the traditional beneficiation method is difficult to realize the effective separation of the two. Therefore,the process of " mineral phase transformation-magnetic separation" is adopted to make Nb enter into the magnetic separation tailings,with the content of Nb2O5 being 3. 72%,and most of Fe enter into the magnetic separation concentrate,with the content of TFe being 65. 56%, which can realize the effective separation of the two. 
    Influence of Anti-fluidizing Matrix Box on the Effect of High Gradient Magnetic Separation of Zinnwaldite Qre 
    YANG Yanan   HUANG Zhihua   WANG Qian   HU Zhicheng   YAN Quanxiang   KU Jian′gang
    2025, 54(7):  94-99. 
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    As the core component of the high-gradient magnetic separator (HGMS),the structure of the ferromagnetic matrix box directly affects the separation efficiency. Traditional matrix boxes are prone to causing fluidization of the slurry during separation,leading to significant loss of magnetic particles and a substantial reduction in capture efficiency. Therefore,developing an efficient anti-fluidizing ferromagnetic matrix box is crucial for enhancing HGMS performance. This study employed COMSOL Multiphysics multi-physics simulation software to simulate and analyze the particle capture effectiveness of the antifluidizing matrix box during high-gradient high magnetic separation. By comparing the motion trajectories of particles in traditional versus anti-fluidizing matrix boxes,the predictive accuracy of numerical simulation for material separation behavior was validated,thereby determining the optimal structural parameters for the anti-fluidizing matrix box. Phase analysis of zinnwaldite ore was conducted using chemical analysis,optical microscopy,and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM). Comparative tests (" one roughing-two scavenging-two cleaning" ) were performed using an HGMS equipped with both a conventional matrix box and the anti-fluidizing matrix box. The results demonstrated that after the " one roughing-two scavenging-two cleaning" process: products from the anti-fluidizing matrix box achieved an Li 2O recovery rate of 59. 81% and a grade of 1. 683%. Products from the traditional matrix box yielded an Li 2O recovery rate of 46. 83% and a grade of 1. 697%. The concentrate grades obtained with both types of matrix boxes were similar,but the recovery rate using the anti-fluidizing box was approximately 13 percentage points higher. This study confirms that the anti-fluidizing matrix box effectively enhances HGMS performance,providing both theoretical and experimental foundations for the structural optimization of ferromagnetic matrix boxes. 
    Research and Application of Intelligent Wireless Initiation Technology in Open-pit Mines 
    LI Pingfeng ,   ZHANG Bingbing ,   XIE Shoudong ,   ZHANG Jinlian   ZI Yongshan ,   ZHANG Wanzhong ,
    2025, 54(7):  100-105. 
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    Intelligent blasting is an important direction for the transformation and upgrading of the blasting industry. However,the traditional wired network blasting with manual operation is complex and has a low level of intelligence,which seriously restricts the efficiency of on-site blasting operations. Therefore,developing a reliable and applicable intelligent wireless blasting equipment is of great significance. By comprehensively adopting modern widely used information communication technologies and combining them with open-pit mine blasting construction,an intelligent wireless blasting module,an intelligent blasting controller,and a relay device carried by unmanned aircraft have been developed to achieve two-way wireless communication, ensuring normal communication and reliable blasting in the complex electromagnetic environment of the blasting operation site, and solving the problems of the limitation of the number of electronic detonators that can be detonated by a single blasting machine at one time and the restricted setting of the blasting station location in complex geographical environments. The field test in the Dapai Project in Zhaoqing City,Guangdong Province shows that the experimental effect of adopting the intelligent wireless blasting mode in multiple bench blasting scenarios is good. The research results can help expand the scale of blasting operations,reduce the labor intensity of blasting operation personnel,significantly improve the operation efficiency, and provide strong support for the high-quality development of intelligent mines. 
    Blasting Vibration Signal Decomposition Method for Open-pit Mine Based on FSWT-FDM 
    SUN Bing   SONG Liangling   ZENG Sheng   YIN Yu ,   LUO Zhiye
    2025, 54(7):  106-113. 
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    Aiming at the problem of over-decomposition of blasting vibration signals under high sampling rate when Fourier decomposition method (FDM) is used. Due to the frequency slice wavelet transform (FSWT) can extract any frequency domain signal,A FSWT-FDM decomposition method of blasting vibration signals coupled with FSWT and FDM is proposed. The sine cosine function is used to simulate the blasting vibration signal,which is verified the decomposition effect of the FSWTFDM method and compared with the FDM method. The results show that compared with the direct FDM decomposition of the signal,the invalid signal component of the FSWT-FDM method is greatly reduced,and the program operation efficiency is increased. The dominant frequency band signal extracted by FSWT can be further decomposed by FDM,and the generated signal components are consistent with the effective signal components directly decomposed by FDM. The reconstruction component is selected by the correlation coefficient and energy ratio of the signal component. The total energy,peak velocity and maximum error of the reconstructed signal prove that the FSWT-FDM method retains the original signal feature information effectively. By analyzing the blasting vibration signal of open-pit mine,it is verified that the FSWT-FDM method not only retains the time-frequency characteristics of the original signal,but also reduces the invalid signal components in signal decomposition,which provides a new idea for the decomposition of blasting vibration signal in open-pit mine. 
    Evaluation of Damage Mechanism and Crushing Effect of Fan-shaped Medium-deep Hole Rock Based on Grouping Delay 
    ZHANG Qilong ,   XU Zhenyang ,   WANG Xuesong ,   ZHANG Zuofu ,   LIU Aaobo ,
    2025, 54(7):  114-123. 
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    Aiming at the issues of a high large-block rate and low construction operation efficiency in deep-hole blasting within underground mining sectors,this study investigates the influence mechanism of inter-group delay time on rock fragmentation effects. A blasting optimization method to reduce the large-block rate is proposed. An evaluation standard for rock fragmentation based on the damage effect is established, and the fan-shaped hole group blasting technology is further optimized. Through numerical simulation,the evolution law of rock damage,the propagation characteristics of stress waves,and the variation trend of effective stress under different inter-group delay times are analyzed. A residual volume evaluation index based on the rock fragmentation threshold is introduced. The parameters of volume residual rate and large-block rate are quantitatively correlated,and 3 ms is determined as the optimal inter-group delay time. Field tests demonstrate that,under conditions of a hole diameter of 90 mm and a single explosive consumption of 0. 46 kg / m 3 ,the application of 3 ms inter-group delayed blasting reduces the large-block rate from 9. 3% to 6. 2%,achieving significantly better fragmentation performance compared to designs without delayed blasting. The group-delayed blasting technology enhances rock damage by regulating the superimposed effect of stress waves,verifies the scientific validity of the residual volume evaluation index,and provides an effective method for controlling the large-block rate in fan-shaped hole blasting within underground mines. 
    Construction and Application of an Intelligent Mine Safety Early Warning System for Surface and Underground Operations Based on AI Recognition Model
    YANG Yang   MA Kun ,   WANG Libing ,   REN Yuxin ,   HUANG Yanli   DONG Jihong
    2025, 54(7):  124-136. 
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    In response to the complex challenges faced by coal mine safety production in the construction of smart mines, a set of artificial intelligence safety early warning systems for the entire process and multiple scenarios has been established. Through a closed-loop architecture of " perception-analysis-early warning-disposal" ,intelligent control of mine safety production is achieved. In the perception layer,an intelligent perception scheme for mine scenes based on deep learning models is designed to accurately identify complex mine environments. In the analysis layer,a collaborative early warning model for mining, digging transportation,and ventilation is developed to achieve comprehensive monitoring of production links. In the decisionmaking layer,machine learning algorithms and knowledge graph technologies are integrated to build a hybrid intelligent early warning system with cross-domain adaptability. In the application layer,a multi-dimensional perception early warning platform is built,including intelligent visualization of fully mechanized mining faces,dynamic monitoring of mine water and intelligent analysis of underground personnel behavior,achieving real-time and precise monitoring of the entire production process of the mine. Research shows that:① The AI model for mine scene recognition,which integrates DETR and DeepLabV3+,achieves a PA value of 0. 835 and an MIOU value of 0. 825 on high-resolution datasets. Combined with the SAM model,the recognition accuracy for four types of coal-based sites,including open-pit coal yards,underground coal yards,coal power sites and coal chemical sites,all exceed 0. 820. The verification in the Ordos and Ningdong bases achieved recognition rates of 0. 788 and 0. 838, respectively. ② The mine safety early warning system adopts a hierarchical design architecture,which can complete the entire process of intelligent perception and control from data collection and processing in mine production to business logic and application display. ③ The application verification of the system in a typical mine in the Ningdong base shows that the system has good practicability and reliability,providing a practical example for promoting the transformation of traditional mines to smart mines. 
    Research and Application of Mine Production Integration and Safety Emergency Control Platform 
    LIU Yunqiu ,   XU Xiuping ,   XI Haorui ,   HUA Shaoguang ,   SUI Furen   YE Yang  CHENG Xiaozhou ,   XIAO Yigai ,   YIN Yixue ,   YU Zhengxing   CAO Shuai   YUE Liping
    2025, 54(7):  137-145. 
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    To address the challenges faced by the mining production system and the intelligent emergency response system in mines,and to meet the demand for integrated analysis of multi-source data in mines,as well as to solve the problem of data silos in the construction of smart mines,an intelligent mine production integration and safety emergency control platform was designed and developed based on Internet of Things (IoT),big data and other technologies. The platform mainly consists of three subsystems:basic information management of mines,production control,and intelligent safety emergency response. Technically,the platform adopts a microservice architecture and is built based on the J2EE specification and the lightweight SpringBoot framework. It can collect,preprocess,store,analyze and apply mine data,and realize the real-time monitoring and early warning as well as dispatching and command functions for mine safety production,promoting the deep integration of the Internet and the mining industry. The developed platform was applied in a large-scale metal mine and the results showed that it demonstrated significant advantages in mine safety supervision,achieving real-time monitoring and automatic data collection of all areas in the mine,effectively improving the supervision efficiency. Meanwhile,in terms of automation management,the platform optimized the mine production process,reduced manual intervention,and lowered the risk of human error. The developed platform helps to enhance the accuracy and automation level of mine safety supervision,promote the intelligent development of mines, and provide strong support for the digital transformation of the mining industry. 
    Mine Image Enhancement Algorithm Based on HSV Spatial Fusion with Retinex Algorithm
    ZHU Lei   ZENG Tongbing   LIANG Xiongqian
    2025, 54(7):  146-154. 
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    With the continuous advancement of intelligent mine construction,images play a crucial role in mine safety monitoring,equipment identification,and operation assistance. However,mine images often encounter complex environmental issues such as low illumination,uneven lighting,and noise interference,leading to blurred details and imbalanced brightness, which seriously affect the accuracy of subsequent image recognition and intelligent analysis. To address these problems,a mine image enhancement algorithm that integrates a multi-scale enhancement mechanism with the hue,saturation,and value (HSV) color space is proposed. This method is based on a deep enhancement network constructed by the Retinex theory. Firstly,the mine image is decomposed into two components:illumination and reflection. For the illumination component,a multi-scale convolutional network is designed to extract brightness information at different spatial scales,enhancing the global illumination modeling capability. For the reflection component,a bilateral filtering mechanism is introduced to suppress noise and preserve edge structures. Subsequently,the optimized illumination and reflection components are fused and reconstructed to form a preliminary enhanced image. Finally,in the HSV color space,the brightness channel of the preliminary enhanced image is separated,and an exposure adjustment and detail enhancement module is introduced to further achieve joint optimization of brightness compensation and texture restoration. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio of up to 28. 9 dB and a structural similarity index of up to 0. 87 on the public DIV2K dataset. On the self-made mine image dataset,the feature similarity index of the algorithm is increased to a maximum of 0. 902,and the universal image quality index reaches a maximum of 0. 847. Under different lighting conditions,this method demonstrates excellent detail recovery and brightness balancing capabilities,verifying its effectiveness in mine image enhancement. 
    Study on Super-resolution Algorithm for Small Target Images Based on Generative Adversarial Network
    SUN Feiyang
    2025, 54(7):  155-159. 
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    With the rapid development of economy and society,higher requirements are put forward for the speed and quality of information dissemination. In the field of computer vision,super-resolution reconstruction also make it easier for people to obtain high-resolution images. However,most current methods focus on improving the overall quality of images,and the processing results for specific targets contained in the image,especially small-sized objects,are not very satisfactory. This paper proposes new generative adversarial network,which uses real-ESRGAN as the baseline network framework,introduces Vision Transformer to enhance the self-attention mechanism and replaces the activation function. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified by designing a target detection ablation test on the algorithm for the targeted-designed dataset. The study results show that the model can generate higher quality images when facing images containing small objects,and it is superior to the original model in terms of mainstream super-resolution reconstruction effect indicators. 
    Mine 3D Virtual Scene Modeling Based on Improved Generative Adversarial Network 
    ZHOU Chaoyi   JIA Meiling   QU Bo   HUANG Zhen
    2025, 54(7):  160-165. 
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    With the rapid development of virtual reality technology,the modeling of three-dimensional virtual scenes in mines has shown broad application prospects in areas such as mine safety management,training,and disaster prevention. However,traditional three-dimensional modeling methods usually rely on manual operations,which are time-consuming and have limited accuracy. Therefore,a method for modeling three-dimensional virtual scenes in mines based on an improved generative adversarial network is proposed. Firstly,three-dimensional laser scanning technology is used to obtain the actual terrain data of the mine and construct a high-precision point cloud model. Then,through preprocessing and feature extraction,a conditional generative adversarial network is designed to improve the stability and realism of the generated model. The point cloud data is input into the improved generative adversarial network. The generative network generates realistic three-dimensional virtual scenes of the mine by learning the spatial distribution features of the point cloud data;the discriminative network is used to evaluate the authenticity of the generated scenes and guide the optimization of the generative network. The experimental results show that the improved generative adversarial network method achieves a detail retention rate of 95. 8%,and it only takes 15 s to generate a three-dimensional model. It is superior to traditional methods in terms of detail retention,authenticity,and modeling efficiency,providing strong support for the modeling of three-dimensional virtual scenes in mines.
    Coal Flow Detection Algorithm for Conveyor Belts Based on Super-resolution Depth Image Restoration
    FAN Qiaoyan   DONG Jie   GUO Pan
    2025, 54(7):  166-171. 
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    Due to the high speed of the conveyor belt,the large variations in the shape and color of the coal flow,and the complex lighting conditions,traditional methods for detecting the coal flow on conveyor belts often suffer from low accuracy and are prone to interference. Therefore,a coal flow detection algorithm based on super-resolution depth image restoration is proposed. This algorithm uses YOLOv3 as the basic framework and combines a super-resolution depth image restoration model to process blurred and noisy coal flow images. The image restoration model,through an encoder-decoder structure,extracts and repairs the features of damaged images while preserving shallow texture information and passing it to deeper layers. The processed clear coal flow images are then detected using the YOLOv3-based object detection algorithm. Experimental results from a coal processing enterprise in Northern China show that when the image damage rate is 50%,the proposed image restoration model improves the structural similarity by 10% compared to the mutual encoder-based image restoration model. Compared to YOLOv4-tiny,the proposed coal flow detection algorithm increases the processing speed by 56 fps,demonstrating that this algorithm can effectively improve the efficiency of coal flow detection on conveyor belts. 
    Dynamic Monitoring and Evaluation of Safety Risk in Tailings Reservoir Based on AHP-EWM and Multi-source Data 
    FENG Wei   ZHANG Xiaolong   TANG Lihe   SUN Mingjun   LUO Minghua ,
    2025, 54(7):  172-181. 
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    As an important facility for storing and disposing of waste in mining production,the safe operation of tailings reservoir directly affects the surrounding environment and the safety of residents′ lives and property. Due to the large number of tailings reservoirs in China,once an accident such as dam break occurs,it may lead to serious environmental pollution and casualties. Accurately evaluation the safety risks of tailings reservoir is a prerequisite and key technology for achieving safe management and risk prevention and control of tailings reservoir. This article proposes a dynamic monitoring and evaluation model for tailings pond safety risk,which combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Entropy Weight Method (EWM),in response to the lack of consideration of real-time dynamic data in traditional evaluation methods. Firstly,the research status of safety risk evaluation of tailings reservoir at home and abroad was systematically reviewed,and the hazards and safety risks were analyzed in detail. A comprehensive safety risk evaluation index system was constructed,which included 38 influencing factors covering seven aspects,including the surrounding environment of the reservoir area,flood discharge system,and tailings dam. Secondly,the multi-source data is divided into static data and dynamic data,and the AHP-EWM combined weighting method is used to calculate the comprehensive weight of each influencing factor. A dynamic safety risk evaluation model combining static and dynamic factors is constructed and embedded into the online monitoring and early warning system,achieving real-time dynamic evaluation of the safety risk of the tailings reservoir. Finally,an empirical analysis was conducted using the Qingshan tailings reservoir as an example. The evaluation results showed that the tailings reservoir was in a safe state,consistent with the results of regular manual inspections,validating the effectiveness and accuracy of the model. The model proposed in this study can comprehensively and scientifically reflect the safety risk level of tailings reservoirs,providing strong technical support for the safety management and risk prevention and control of tailings reservoirs. 
    Disaster Mechanism and Prevention Technical Measures of Flood Overtopping Induced by Rainstorm in a Tailings Reservoir 
    YAN Xingqi   XU Hongda
    2025, 54(7):  182-188. 
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    Overflow of tailings dams is one of the main types of tailings dam accidents. A thorough understanding of the process of tailings dam overflow accidents is of great significance for promoting disaster prevention and mitigation in tailings dams. In response to the engineering safety issues of tailings dam overflow accidents,taking the tailings dam overflow accident in a certain tailings dam in Guangdong Province as a case,this paper systematically analyzed the essential causes of the dam failure and proposed control measures for insufficient flood regulation capacity of tailings dams. Focusing on the essential causes of the failure of the flood control capacity of tailings dams,first,through flood routing calculations and the simplified triangular method,it was quantitatively verified that the maximum flood discharge capacity of the tailings pond′s drainage tunnel is 48. 8 m 3 / s. This capacity meets the requirement to fully discharge a 200-year flood event within 24 hours,confirming that the tailings pond complies with flood prevention safety standards. Secondly,by establishing the judgment criterion of the relationship between the elevation of the drainage well and the top of the initial dam,the positional relationship between the drainage well and the top of the initial dam was explored. It was found that raising the water intake elevation of the drainage well led to the loss of flood regulation capacity of the tailings dam,which was the main cause of this accident. On this basis,three capacity enhancement technologies were proposed:optimizing the slope ratio of the three sections of the deposition beach ( front section >2%, middle section 1. 5%,and water-adjacent section 1%),controlling the sequential construction of the sub-dams (maintaining a height of 2 m),and reserving a buffer space in the transition section (horizontal section≥50 m). These technologies can effectively increase the flood regulation capacity of tailings dams and provide theoretical support for the safe operation of tailings dams. The research results have achieved a transformation from passive emergency response to active prevention and control, and have good reference significance for reducing the risk of tailings dam failure and improving the safety of mining engineering. 
    Mine Energy Consumption Prediction and Anomaly Detection Method Based on Ensemble Learning 
    SUO Zhiwen   JIA Meiling   YAN Ming   QU Bo   ZHOU Chaoyi
    2025, 54(7):  189-194. 
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    With the continuous development of mine automation and intelligence,smart mines have become an important direction for the transformation and upgrading of the mining industry. Energy consumption optimization and anomaly detection are key links in the construction of smart mines,which are crucial for the safety production and economic benefits of mines. A method for mine energy consumption prediction and anomaly detection based on ensemble learning strategy is proposed. Firstly, an energy consumption prediction model based on ensemble learning is constructed. This model uses historical energy consumption data and real-time monitoring data,and predicts and optimizes mine energy consumption through integrating algorithms such as support vector machine,random forest,and neural network. Secondly,an anomaly detection method based on ensemble learning is proposed. This method integrates algorithms such as isolation forest,local anomaly factor and autoencoder to detect anomalies in mine energy consumption data. The proposed method is applied to a mine,and the results show that compared with a single method,this method can effectively reduce mine energy consumption and improve the accuracy of anomaly detection, providing technical support for the intelligent construction of mines. 
    Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Frame Structure in Corrosive Environments under Near-fault Ground Motions 
    YANG Fujian ,   ZHAO Haonan   MA Tianchang   YI Gang   JI Jianhua   LI Xiaoshuang
    2025, 54(7):  195-206. 
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    The complex corrosive environment created by dust, moisture, chemical substances, and corrosive media (e. g. ,sulfides) released during mining excavation poses significant adverse effects on building structures near mining projects. To quantify the impact of material corrosion and near-fault ground motion on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures,this study investigates a six-story RC frame structure situated in a corrosive environment. The seismic performance of the structure under the combined effects of earthquake loading and environmental corrosion is explored. Based on numerical simulations and probabilistic analysis,five corrosion scenarios (0%,5%,10%,15%,and 20%) are introduced for seismic fragility assessment. Inter-story drift ratio is selected as the structural damage index to quantify the performance degradation mechanism under different levels of corrosion and seismic intensities. The results indicate that near-fault earthquakes result in higher structural failure probabilities compared to far-field earthquakes. Additionally,higher corrosion rates significantly increase the failure probability under the same peak ground acceleration (PGA). While far-field earthquakes exhibit more pronounced cumulative damage effects,the influence of corrosion on fragility shows relatively minor differences between nearfault and far-field conditions. The mining environment has multifaceted impacts on the fragility of building structures,with chemical corrosion playing a particularly prominent role. Therefore,the effects of corrosive environments should be fully considered in structural design and management to ensure the safety and durability of building structures. 
    Construction and Optimization of Mining City Ecological Network Based on MSPA Model: Taking the Mining District and County of Huainan City as an Example 
    2025, 54(7):  207-216. 
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    To solve the problems of ecological fragmentation and insufficient landscape connectivity in mining cities,and construct a regional ecological barrier in the central and northern parts of Anhui Province,this study selected mining counties in Huainan City that involve coal mines as the research area. Based on morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity assessment methods,the ecological source areas were systematically identified,and an ecological corridor network was constructed using the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR). Spatial optimization strategies were adopted to improve the efficiency of the ecological network. The results showed that:① A total of 30 ecological source areas and 63 potential ecological corridors were identified in the study area,with a total area of 169. 33 km 2 ,showing a distribution pattern of clustering in the central and western regions and scattered in the northern and southern regions;② The ecological resistance surface in the research area exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity,with high resistance areas concentrated in the coal mining subsidence areas along the Huai River and the central urban development core areas;③ By adding 6 strategic ecological source areas,constructing 23 compensation corridors,and repairing 23 key obstacle nodes,the ecological network structure was optimized,and the network closure index (α),connectivity index (β),and connectivity rate (γ) were increased by 0. 143,0. 289 and 0. 093,respectively. This study can provide reference and theoretical basis for optimizing the ecological network system,national spatial ecological restoration,and landscape pattern optimization of coal mining related counties and even mining cities in Huainan City. 
    Properties of Backfill Material with a Fine Gold Tailings and Water Quality of Leaching Solution
    HU Min ,   LI Haoran ,
    2025, 54(7):  217-222. 
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    With gold mine tailings in Sichuan Pingwu Dabaoshan and Portland cement as raw materials,the backfill materials with gold tailing were prepared using a one-step method. The effects of various cement / sand ratios and slurry concentrations on rheological properties,bleeding rate,mechanical property were studied. Using distilled water as the extraction agent,the pH,suspended matter,chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen,total phosphorus and fluoride of the leaching solution were investigated for the influence of backfill materials on groundwater. The results show that the strength development of gold tailings filling material is mainly cement hydration,and the alkaline environment after cement hydration stimulates the hydration of tailings. With the decrease of cement sand ratio and the increase of slurry mass concentration,the fluidity becomes worse,the bleeding rate decreases,and the compressive strength decreases. The water quality of the leaching solution was all much less than the standard limits according to groundwater quality standards of GB/ T 14848—2017 without any secondary pollution. The efficacy coefficient method was used to score the nine indexes. It is believed that the system′s overall performance is optimal when the slurry mass concentration is 68% and the cement-sand ratio is 1 ∶6. The microstructure of the backfill material was dominated by C-S-H gel resulting in good mechanical properties. 
    Application of the Comprehensive Geophysical Method of Gravity,Magnetism and Electricity for Prospecting in the Deep and Outer of Longqiao Iron Mine 
    TAO Long ,   OU Bangguo   YE Lin ,   DING Wenxiang   ZHANG Shasha   LAN Xueyi ,   WANG Yangyang
    2025, 54(7):  223-232. 
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    Deep and peripheral resource exploration in operating mines is an important direction for future reserve increase and production expansion of mining enterprises. In response to the problems such as the shallow exploration depth,insufficient innovation in reserve increase exploration thinking,and the singleness of technical methods and means in operating mines,taking the Longqiao Iron Mine in the northern part of the Lüzong Basin,Anhui Province as the research object,through the systematic collection of geological,ore genesis and geophysical data in the mining area,a comprehensive geological-geophysical prospecting model was constructed,and the coupling relationship between orebodies and geological and geophysical fields was clarified. Based on this model,a large-scale gravity,magnetic and complex resistivity comprehensive exploration was carried out,and four anomaly areas with potential for mineral exploration were delineated. With the known borehole data and the density structure of the main geological bodies,the distribution range of magnetic bodies,and the low-resistance and highpolarization anomalous alteration zones revealed by the comprehensive exploration in the deep part of the mining area as constraints,and taking the physical properties of rocks and ores as the link,the 2. 5D gravity-magnetic joint inversion technology was applied to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of geological bodies in the deep part of the mine,and potential favorable ore-forming spaces were identified,providing a basis for predicting the depth of ore bodies and the layout of boreholes. The verification boreholes ZKT04-3 and ZKT03-2 revealed multiple layers of iron-copper polymetallic mineralization and alteration,confirming that the application of comprehensive geophysical exploration of gravity,magnetism and electricity in operating mines can accurately delineate favorable mineral exploration targets,serving the reserve increase of mining enterprises. This provides an effective technical means for the implementation of deep and peripheral mineral exploration in operating mines in similar regions in the future,and has important practical significance. 
    Comprehensive Geophysical and Geochemical Prospecting Model of the Shiyaogou Molybdenum-Tungsten Deposit in Luanchuan County 
    LÜ Xianhe  LIU Juntao  HU Honglei  NING Yong  WANG Haiyong  HUO Qinghua
    2025, 54(7):  233-242. 
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    The Shiyaogou molybdenum-tungsten deposit in Luanchuan County is located at the junction of the southern margin of the North China Block and the North Qinling Orogenic Belt. This area has experienced multiple phases of tectonic movements,and Yanshanian granite bodies are widely exposed in the region,which provides favorable geological conditions for mineralization. According to the 1 ∶50 000 comprehensive geochemical anomalies,combined with the geological characteristics, geochemical and geophysical characteristics of the deposit,the internal relationships among geological,geocheical and geophysical information were systematically analyzed,and the comprehensive geological,geochemical and geophysical prospecting model was established. This model integrates geological background analysis,geochemical anomaly tracing and geophysical deep detection,realizing the complementary advantages of different methods,and has achieved ideal prospecting results in the application practice of this area. The research shows that:① Geological survey preliminarily identified the metallogenic geological background of the deposit. Molybdenum mineralization mostly occurs in the outer contact zone and near the inner contact zone between the rock mass and the Sichakou Formation,and molybdenum-tungsten ore is closely related to the Early Cretaceous intrusive rocks. ② Through the 1 ∶10 000 soil profile survey,the comprehensive anomalies of copper,tungsten and molybdenum were delineated. The soil anomalies basically coincide with the concentration centers of the 1 ∶50 000 stream sediment anomalies,indicating that this area has the local enrichment characteristics of metallogenic elements such as Mo,W and Bi. ③ The results of IP intermediate gradient survey and IP sounding show that there are obvious high-resistance and high-polarization anomalies in this area,which basically coincide with the occurrence positions of the orebodies. ④ By comprehensively utilizing geological,geochemical and geophysical methods,an comprehensive prospecting model for the Shiyaogou molybdenum-tungsten deposit was established,providing a scientific basis for the metallogenic prediction in this area. ⑤ According to the Comprehensive information prospecting model,a total of 1 molybdenum orebody,10 molybdenum mineralized bodies,4 tungsten mineralized bodies and 1 molybdenum-tungsten mineralized body were identified in the Shiyaogou molybdenum-tungsten deposit. Among them,the 12 # molybdenum orebody is divided into two sections,east and west,with a controlled length of 135 m,a thickness of 0. 94~ 2. 16 m,and a grade of 0. 112% ~ 0. 149%,achieving remarkable exploration results. 
    Control and Comprehensive Utilization of Iron Tailings:Current Situation and Future Perspectives in China 
    WANG Xiaotian   HUA Shaoguang   PEI Dejian ,   LIU Jianhua   LI Xiangmei ,   LI Shuqin ,   WANG Wei ,
    2025, 54(7):  243-253. 
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    In response to the annual production of over 600 million tons of iron tailings in China,the prominent risks of stockpiling and the waste of resources,a systematic study was conducted on the large-scale management and high-value utilization of iron tailings to address the challenge of coordinated governance of environmental risks and resource recycling. A fullchain technical system of " source reduction,process control,end utilization" was established. It was pointed out that the largescale utilization is restricted by the lack of open-pit mining scenarios and the fine-grained problem for backfilling,and the promotion of building materials is constrained by transportation costs and the absence of standards. However,the prospects for high-value utilization are broad. Finally,it was concluded that the comprehensive utilization of iron tailings relies on the collaborative innovation of technology and policy,the breakthrough of fine-grained tailings activation and modification,and multi-component stepwise recovery technologies,the establishment of cross-domain standard systems,and the core direction of large-scale absorption is ecological utilization. In the future, the goal of full quantification and intelligent management of iron tailings should be focused on. 
    Research on the Process of Synergistic Treatment of Phosphorus Ore to Produce Ferro-phosphorus by a Copper Smelting Slag in Guangxi 
    LI Xuze   MO Xinshi   HE Guixiang ,   ZHAO Yi   ZHU Wenyun   LI Zhonglin   LI Yibing   JIANG Xuexian ,
    2025, 54(7):  254-259. 
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    Copper smelting slag is a kind of secondary resource with high iron,in order to solve many problems caused by its stockpiling and realize its high-value comprehensive utilization,the study carried out a test of synthesizing ferro-phosohorus by carbothermal reduction method using a certain copper smelting slag and phosphorus ore in Guangxi as iron and phosphorus sources. The results showed that for the copper smelting slag with Fe content of 46. 28% and main mineral phases of Fe2 SiO4 and Fe3O4 ,and the phosphorus ore with P2O5 content of 33. 41% and main phase of Ca5(PO4 )3F,the synthesis of ferro-phosphorus by carbothermal reduction method was carried out in the following conditions:the mass ratio of iron and phosphorus in raw material was 1. 0,the dosage of graphite in reduce was 1. 0 times of the theoretical value,the mass ratio of borax,flux,to the raw material was 6%,the mass ratio of binder methylcellulose to the raw material was mass ratio of 0. 4%,system pressure of 0. 1 MPa,temperature of 1 600 ℃ ,P,Fe average grade of 16. 59% and 81. 10% of high-quality ferro-phosphorus products could be obtained,at the same time,reduced slag of the main phase of Ca2 SiO4 ,which could be used as raw materials for the production of cement,and achieve the recycling of resources. 
    The Current Status and Advances of Research on the Application of CuO-Based Heterojunctions in Resistive Gas Sensors 
    HUANG Shiyi   CHEN Xiangxiang ,   LIU Tianhao   ZHANG Zhaoyang   LIU Fangzheng   QIU Lu   OUYANG Yunfei   KE Junwei   XIE Xinyao   WU Haoyu
    2025, 54(7):  260-266. 
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    Addressing the issues of low sensitivity in p-type semiconductor materials for gas sensors and the need for enhancement in the low-temperature detection performance and gas selectivity of CuO-based gas sensing materials,this review aims to summarize the research progress on CuO-based heterostructured materials in the field of gas sensors,providing theoretical guidance for the targeted design of gas-sensitive materials. The review focuses on strategies for improving the performance of pristine CuO materials by constructing heterostructures with various materials such as metal oxides and metal sulfides,while analyzing the associated sensitization mechanisms. Studies demonstrate that constructing heterostructures can significantly enhance the gas-sensing performance of pristine CuO materials,not only improving the sensitivity and selectivity of sensors toward target gases but also enabling rapid response at low operating temperatures. Meanwhile,the application of CuO-based heterojunction materials in fields such as environmental monitoring and industrial safety has been promoted. CuO-based heterostructures can effectively improve gas-sensing performance through composite construction,and the summary of their sensitization mechanisms provides theoretical support for the targeted design of gas-sensitive materials,exhibiting significant research value and application prospects. 
    Study on Preparation of Electrolytic Manganese Residue-Based Porous Ceramic Materials and Its Adsorption Performance for Pb 2+ 
    WANG Guifang ,   ZOU Zhibin   LIANG Guangchuan   HU Qingyan
    2025, 54(7):  267-273. 
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    In order to address the low utilization rate and severe storage pollution of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR),this study developed porous ceramic materials using non-desulfurized EMR,waste glass,and kaolin as raw materials through a pore-forming additive addition, press forming, pressureless sintering process. Through orthogonal experiments to optimize the raw material ratios and process parameters,it was determined that when the addition of fly ash was 15%,the mass ratio of raw materials (manganese slag,waste glass and kaolin) was 3 ∶6 ∶1,the molding pressure was 10 MPa,and the sintering temperature was 975 ℃ ,the resulting material had the best overall performance,with a compressive strength of 214 MPa,bulk density of 1. 83 g / cm 3 ,and the adsorption capacity of Pb 2+ of 7. 79 mg / g. Further adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption and removal of Pb 2+ by the porous ceramics reached 7. 86 mg / g and 87. 69%,respectively,when the reaction was carried out for 540 min at pH= 1. 5,initial concentration of 100 mg / L of Pb 2+ ,temperature of 25 ℃ ,and oscillation rate of 170 r/ min. This study provides a new idea for the resource utilization of electrolytic manganese slag,and effectively achieves the dual goals of solid waste co-disposal and heavy metal pollution control. 
    Experimental Study on the Preparation of Foamed Ceramic Materials from Lipolite Tailings in Yichun
    GUO Weigeng ,   LUO Xianping ,   TANG Xuekun ,   LIU Zishuai ,   ZHOU Hepeng ,
    2025, 54(7):  274-285. 
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    In order to achieve the application of lepidolite tailings in foam ceramics from Yichun,Jiangxi,the foam ceramics were prepared using lepidolite tailings as the main raw material,supplemented by fly ash,kaolin,and CaCO3 ,with SiC as an efficient foaming agent. The high-temperature foaming technique was employed to systematically investigate the effects of sintering temperature,holding time,CaCO3 content,SiC addition,and tailing proportion on the properties of the foam ceramics. The results showed that with ratio of tailing ,fly ash,kaolin,and CaCO3 of 85 ∶10 ∶5 ∶5,along with 0. 35% externally added SiC, the foam ceramics sintered at 1 240 ℃ for 40 min exhibited a compressive strength of 9. 8 MPa,porosity of 81. 62%,density of 0. 528 g / cm 3 ,and average pore size of 1. 95 mm. These performance indicators meet the application requirements for lightweight building materials and filter materials. The study clarified the synergistic mechanism between key process parameters and raw material ratios,providing theoretical support and technical pathways for the large-scale efficient utilization of lepidolite tailings and the optimization of foam ceramic preparation processes. 
    Experimental Research on the Preparation of Freeze-Resistant Unfired Bricks from Granite Weathered Soil
    WANG Zhiwei   YU Wenqiang   CHEN Zhiyong   XUE Lutao   GONG Quanbing   LI Rui   LI Yubiao
    2025, 54(7):  286-292. 
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    In order to address the environmental issues caused by the massive stockpiling of granite weathered soil and explore pathways for its resource utilization,this study aimed to develop a frost-resistant non-fired brick using granite weathered soil as the primary raw material. Non-fired bricks were fabricated by the compaction method using granite weathered soil and commercially available P. O 525 cement as raw materials. The effects of weathered soil content,curing age,and iron content on frost resistance were systematically investigated. At a weathered soil-to-cement ratio of 1 ∶1,the fabricated non-fired bricks achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 24. 87 MPa,a softening coefficient of 97. 12%,and a frost resistance coefficient of 90. 66%,demonstrating excellent mechanical properties and frost durability. This research provides a feasible solution for the efficient resource utilization of granite weathered soil. The performance indicators of the developed non-fired bricks meet the requirements for building material applications,exhibiting significant environmental benefits and promising application prospects. 
    Experimental Study on Preparation of High Quality Type II Anhydrite Gypsum by Suspension Calcination Using Phosphogypsum #br#
    HUANG Hao ,   LI Yanjun ,   YUAN Shuai ,   GAO Peng ,
    2025, 54(7):  293-298. 
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    In order to address the issues of low heat transfer efficiency and high energy consumption in traditional phosphogypsum calcination processes,this study explores efficient and low-consumption resource utilization technologies for phosphogypsum to produce high-quality Type Ⅱ anhydrite. Using a calcination process,it systematically investigates the influence of calcination temperature,time,and method on product performance. The product characteristics were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM). The optimal process conditions were determined to be suspension calcination at 700 ℃ for 60 minutes. Under these conditions,the product achieved a Type Ⅱ anhydrite content of 90. 49%,residual crystal water content of 0. 48%,and whiteness value of 91. 8%. All indicators comply with the Treatment and Disposal Specifications for Phosphogypsum (GB/ T 32124—2024). Compared to static calcination,suspension calcination significantly enhances product purity and whiteness while reducing crystal water content. The transformation mechanism of phosphogypsum to Type Ⅱ anhydrite was elucidated. The suspension calcination process provides an efficient and feasible technical pathway for the high-value utilization of phosphogypsum,and the related findings hold significant theoretical and practical value. 
    Research on the Performance of Solid Waste Wet-shotcrete Based on Machine Learning and Laboratory Experiments 
    WANG Xiaoping   FENG Liang   HU Yafei
    2025, 54(7):  299-312. 
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    To solve the issue of solid waste resource utilization in a nickel mine in Northwest China,this study developed solid waste based wet shotcrete (SWC) for underground rock support by using waste rock and Gobi sand as mix aggregate and synergistically utilizing steel slag,blast furnace slag,desulfurization gypsum and other industrial solid wastes to prepare cementitious materials. The response surface method was used to design the experimental scheme,which systematically revealed the effect of different factors on the mechanical properties of SWC,and the formation mechanism of SWC with the help of various microscopic characterization methods. Meanwhile,an intelligent optimization model of SWC proportion was constructed by machine learning algorithm. The results show that the compressive strength of SWC increases and then decreases with the increase of dosage of steel slag (the compressive strength reaches a maximum of 35. 2 MPa when the dosage of steel slag is 30%),the ratio of rubber sand is positively correlated with the compressive strength,and the ratio of Gobi sand is negatively correlated with the compressive strength. The micro-mechanism study shows that the proportion of Gobi sand affects the pore structure of the aggregate stacking system (the aggregate stacking compactness is the largest when the proportion of Gobi sand is 0. 4),and the dosage of steel slag regulates the hydration reaction process of the cementitious system,and both of them affect the mechanical properties of SWC by changing the compactness of the material. The modeling results show that the parameter optimization of the support vector regression (SVR) model by Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) significantly improves the prediction accuracy (R 2 >0. 99,RMSE<0. 20,VAF>99. 80),which is combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA). The HHO-SVR-GA intelligent model constructed by GA realized the accurate design of SWC ratio (error less than 5%).