Table of Content

15 December 2025, Volume 54 Issue 12

Previous Issue   

Experimental Study on Rheological Properties of Lithium Slag-Tailings Cemented Filling Slurry Based on Effect Calculation

GAN Deqing, 　SUN Lingzhi, 　XUE Zhenlin, 　LIU Zhiyi, 　ZHANG Kun,

2025, 54(12):  1-7. 

Asbtract ( 110 )   PDF (1850KB) ( 77 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Lithium slag is a solid waste produced in the extraction process of lithium-containing compounds,and its re source utilization is of great significance to the treatment of solid waste.In order to reveal the influence of lithium slag on the rheological properties of slurry,the effects of lithium slag substitution rate,mass concentration and cement-sand ratio on the rheological properties of filling slurry were analyzed.The influence weight of multiple factors on the rheological properties of slurry was quantitatively evaluated by variance analysis combined with effect calculation method,and the quantitative weighted graph was used to visualize the analysis results.The influence of factor changes on slurry rheology was analyzed by disturbance diagram,and the yield stress of slurry under the influence of different factors was predicted by quadratic polynomial stepwise regression method.The results show that with the increase of lithium slag content,the flow performance of slurry shows a non linear evolution trend of decreasing first and then increasing.When the content of lithium slag is 10%,the yield stress of slurry reaches the minimum value of 28 Pa.The mass concentration has the greatest influence on the rheology of the slurry.The slurry with higher mass concentration significantly weakens the fluidity of the slurry.As the mass concentration of the slurry increa ses,the yield stress of the slurry shows an upward trend,up to 67 Pa.The cement-sand ratio is reduced from 1∶4 to 1∶8,and the workability of the slurry is enhanced.The degree of influence of various factors on the rheological properties of the slurry from large to small is mass concentration,lithium slag content,and cement-sand ratio.This study provides a scientific basis for predicting the rheological properties of filling slurry and provides theoretical guidance for the resource utilization of lithium slag.

Knowledge Map Construction and Trend Analysis of Open-pit Mine Technology Research in Alpine Region

TAN Jie　LI Pingfeng, 　GUAN Weiming　SUN Jiayi　ZHAO Mingsheng, 　YU Hongbing, 　 CHEN Hui　TANG Hongpei,

2025, 54(12):  8-17. 

Asbtract ( 53 )   PDF (3381KB) ( 80 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Open-pit mines in alpine regions are facing harsh natural environments such as extreme low temperatures,se vere temperature differences,drought and hypoxia,and strong winds and less rain,making mining face enormous challenges. Based on the CiteSpace bibliometric analysis method,the development context and research hotspots of open-pit mine technolo gy in alpine regions in recent years are sorted out.The research results show that the existing achievements mainly focus on the application of intelligent equipment,the influence mechanism of freeze-thaw cycle,slope stability analysis and ecological envi ronment restoration,but there are some problems such as low system integration,insufficient dynamic response ability and scat tered technical paths.At present,the research cooperation relationship in this field mainly presents locality and regionality,and the cooperation between academia and business community is still insufficient.The research hotspots of high-cold open-pit mines are freeze-thaw cycles and slope safety.The future research trends are the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the micro structure of rock mass,intelligent monitoring and stability optimization of slopes in cold regions.Finally,in view of the above shortcomings,the development suggestions are put forward:it is necessary to construct an intelligent collaborative operation sys tem adapted to the alpine environment,develop a slope instability prediction model integrating multi-factor disturbance mecha nism in the alpine region,establish a zoning and classification ecological restoration technology system,and introduce a whole process evaluation mechanism to improve the quantitative control ability of the restoration effect.

Study on the Applicability of Roadway Surrounding Rock Pressure Relief Technology under Non-isobaric Conditions

ZHAO Hongbao, 　LI Zuoquan, 　CHENG Hui

2025, 54(12):  18-28. 

Asbtract ( 32 )   PDF (3871KB) ( 28 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The stress environment of roadway has an important influence on the pressure relief effect of surrounding rock. In order to explore the pressure relief effect and applicability of pressure relief groove on roadway under different stress environ ments,the applicability of pressure relief technology of roadway surrounding rock under unequal pressure conditions was ana lyzed by theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and field application.The results show that the excavation of the pressure re lief groove will transfer the stress concentration in the shallow part of the surrounding rock to the deep part.The lateral pressure coefficient λ is divided by 1.When λ<1,the maximum shear stress of the roadway is mainly concentrated in the shallow part of the roof and floor.When λ>1,the stress concentration area turns to the deep part of the roof and floor.The larger the lateral pressure coefficient,the better the control effect of the pressure relief groove on the surrounding rock of the roadway,but it is generally more conducive to the stability of the two sides of the roadway.With the increase of the lateral pressure coefficient, the optimization ratio of the two sides of the roadway is gradually reduced in a negative exponential function,and the optimiza tion ratio of the roof and floor is gradually increased.Combined with the analysis of the effect of roadway pressure relief under different stress environments,according to the stress characteristics of the surrounding rock of the mine roadway,targeted con trol measures were proposed and good application results were achieved.

Propagation Characteristics of Stress Wave in Jointed Granite under Freeze-thaw Action

NIU Leilei, 　CHEN Tingyu, 　ZHU Wancheng, 　LUO Ke,

2025, 54(12):  29-36. 

Asbtract ( 33 )   PDF (2185KB) ( 28 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The structural damage of rock masses in high-altitude cold regions,caused by long-term freeze-thaw cycles, significantly affects the propagation behavior of stress waves,which in turn influences blasting disturbance responses and slope stability.This study conducted freeze-thaw cycle experiments on granite samples to test the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock under different freeze-thaw cycles.Using LS-DYNA software,a numerical model was established to analyze the propagation characteristics of stress waves in both intact rock rods and rock rods with fractures.The results show that as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases,the rock′s strength and elastic modulus decrease,and the stress wave propagation ve locity slows down.The increase in the thickness,number,and spacing of ice-filled fractures leads to an intensification of stress wave attenuation,but the rate of change gradually stabilizes.The interaction between freeze-thaw cycles and fracture geometry parameters determines the dominant factors influencing stress wave attenuation,with the effects of fracture thickness and num ber being significantly greater than those of fracture spacing and freeze-thaw cycles.The study reveals the propagation laws of stress waves in ice-filled jointed rock masses,providing theoretical support for blasting vibration research in cold regions.

Simulation Study on Size Effect and Unloading Mechanical Properties of Fractured Rock Mass in Mining Area Based on DFN-DEM

FENG Xinglong　LUO Xinyang　LI Liang　LIU Xinrong　LONG Xiaoxia　SUI Sugang,

2025, 54(12):  37-47. 

Asbtract ( 39 )   PDF (18613KB) ( 29 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Due to the complex fracture distribution,significant scale effect and variable unloading response mechanism, the slope rock mass in the mining area is faced with the problems that the mechanical parameters are difficult to be equivalently characterized and the failure mechanism is difficult to be accurately described.The discrete element software PFC was used to establish the DFN-DEM coupling calculation model.The influence of sample size on the stress-strain curve,failure process and mode of fractured rock mass and representative elementary volume(REV) size and mechanical parameter values under DFN distribution was analyzed.The unloading failure process of the sample under REV size was explored.The results show that with the increase of sample size,the number of cracks increases the heterogeneity of the structure,and the failure characteristics gradually change from ductile failure dominated by plasticity to brittle failure dominated by elasticity.With the increase of sam ple size,the failure mode of fractured rock mass gradually evolved from concentrated brittle failure to multi-zone synergistic progressive failure.The uniaxial compressive strength decreases exponentially with the increase of size,while the elastic modu lus fluctuates first and then tends to be stable.Under this DFN distribution,the REV size of fractured rock mass is 11 m×22 m,the uniaxial compressive strength of REV is 9.21 MPa,and the elastic modulus is 27.9 GPa.The unloading process under goes four stages:loading,stress maintenance,progressive failure and final fracture.The larger the confining pressure is,the more unstable the structure is after unloading,and the faster the crack propagation and force chain collapse are.The research results can provide some help for the mechanical parameter value and stability analysis of discrete fracture slope in mining area.

Experimental Study on Deformation Characteristics of Jointed Bolt Based on Strain Monitoring

LI Yuzong　CUI Haoxiang

2025, 54(12):  48-58. 

Asbtract ( 28 )   PDF (3631KB) ( 27 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The joint surface or discontinuous surface widely existing in the rock mass has obvious transverse shear effect on the anchor rod,which makes the anchor rod show the failure characteristics of tension shear or tension bending.Based on the interaction characteristics of bolt and layered rock mass,the direct shear test of anchored joints was carried out.The concrete block with the size of 400 mm×400 mm×400 mm was used to simulate the surrounding rock.The deformation of the bolt with a diameter of 12 mm at different anchoring angles was studied.The strain gauge was used to monitor the strain change process during the shear process of the bolt.The deformation characteristics and evolution process of the bolt under shear action were analyzed,and the deformation mechanism of the bolt in different stages was revealed.It is found that there are three different stages of stress-deformation of anchored joint surface under shear action,which are elastic stage,plastic strengthening stage and failure stage.In the elastic stage,the bolt near the joint surface is dominated by bending deformation,and the axial tensile ca pacity of the bolt has not been effectively exerted.In the plastic strengthening stage,the bolt near the joint surface has a ben ding angle of 21°~55° compared to the original axial direction due to different anchoring angles,and is mainly tensile.The fail ure stage corresponds to the necking phenomenon of the steel bar when the anchor reaches its tensile limit.Under the action of shearing,the maximum curvature section will be formed on the bolt section corresponding to the boundary between the broken zone and the complete zone of the anchorage grouting body,and the transverse shear deformation of the bolts on both sides of the section is distributed in a broken line.The deformation of the bolt caused by the plastic strengthening stage of the anchored jointed rock mass mainly occurs in the section between the maximum curvature section and the intersection of the bolt and the joint surface.The research results can provide reference for the establishment or correction of the anchorage model of jointed rock mass.

Staged Support and Stability Control of Super Large Section Chamber in Broken Surrounding Rock

SHEN Yiling　HUANG Minqing　LU Fenghao　SU Yongding　CHEN Jilun

2025, 54(12):  59-69. 

Asbtract ( 25 )   PDF (7197KB) ( 20 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to solve the problem of stability control of super large section chamber caused by broken surrounding rock and high level stress,a broken chamber with a section size of 145.83 m2 in a copper mine in Serbia is taken as the re search object.From the perspective of coupling of support and deformation characteristics of surrounding rock and elastic-plas tic theory,a stability control technology of surrounding rock based on the principle of "asymptotic stress release-flexible yield overall bearing pressure" is proposed.Through FLAC3D numerical simulation,different excavation and support schemes are compared,and the excavation and support scheme of the chamber is determined by using the layered positive step construction method of the middle pilot tunnel and the combined support of "anchor net spray + anchor cable + primary steel-concrete". The results show that the stress release compensation space is formed by the small section pilot tunnel,and the maximum prin cipal stress in the plastic zone at the top of the chamber is 7.18 MPa lower than that of the upper layer.The synergistic effect of prestressed anchor bolt and anchor cable forms the suspension effect of shallow composite arch,which inhibits the expansion of fracture zone.The shotcrete and steel-concrete structure are applied in stages to achieve a smooth transition from flexible yielding to rigid bearing.After the combined support,the maximum vertical displacement of the roof surface of the chamber is reduced by 88.17%,the maximum lateral displacement of the side surface is reduced by 88.41%,the volume of the plastic zone is reduced by 39.17%,and the plastic zone of the chamber surface is no longer formed.The field application proves that the surrounding rock stability control technology can ensure the long-term stability of the crushing chamber,which provides a reference for the excavation and support of similar super-large section chambers.

Height-diameter Ratio Effect of Rock Strength under Inclined Load

LI Pengcheng, 　LI Dazhong, 　YANG Jiamian, 　CHEN Kaihe　PAN Hong

2025, 54(12):  70-79. 

Asbtract ( 27 )   PDF (3625KB) ( 10 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Mastering the height-diameter ratio effect of rock strength under inclined load is the basis of inclined pillar de sign and stability analysis.Taking red sandstone as the research object,20 groups of rock inclined loading tests with 5 loading angles and 4 height-diameter ratios were carried out by using inclined loading device,and the strength characteristics of rock under each loading condition was obtained.On this basis,the linear function relationship between rock strength and diameter height ratio under inclined loading is established.It is concluded that the intercept and slope of the linear function are different under different loading angles.With the increase of loading angle,the intercept decreases and the slope increases.Finally, based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength theory,the mechanical mechanism of the height-diameter ratio effect is interpreted as a friction "end effect" phenomenon,and this effect is affected by the loading angle.The results show that with the increase of loading angle,the rock presents a single slope shear failure.At the same loading angle,the larger the height-diameter ratio of the specimen is,the lower the strength is.Compared with the uniaxial compression condition,the peak load loss of the rock is more under the combined test scheme with large inclination angle and large height-diameter ratio.The research results are of great significance for revealing the ore/rock dip angle and size effect of rock mass engineering strength such as pillars.

Study on the Process Mineralogical Characteristics of Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite Rough Concentrate in Panxi Baima Mining Area

XU Jian　LI Peixuan　KANG Jianhua　WANG Li

2025, 54(12):  80-87. 

Asbtract ( 31 )   PDF (2967KB) ( 18 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Vanadium-titanium magnetite resources are strategic ores rich in multiple critical metals such as iron,vanadi um,and titanium.The vanadium-titanium magnetite in Panxi Baima Mining Area is characterized by complex intergrowth rela tionships and poor liberation,which constrain the quality improvement of iron concentrate.To investigate the underlying rea sons,this study focuses on the rough concentrate of vanadium-titanium magnetite from this mining area.Using process minera logical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Mineral Liberation Analyzer (MLA),the mineral composi tion,element occurrence states,and liberation/association characteristics of iron-titanium minerals were systematically ana lyzed.The results show that the rough concentrate has TFe and TiO2 grades of 55.01% and 10.25%,respectively.Titanomag netite (content of 79.81%) is the primary valuable mineral,with a monomer liberation degree of 75.54%.The unliberated part is mainly associated with complex intergrowths of chlorite,ilmenite,serpentine,and spinel.Crucially,some titanomagnetite con tains fine ilmenite lamellae as internal solid solutions,forming composite mineral phases.The study confirms that the complex intergrowth between titanomagnetite and gangue minerals,along with its inherent "iron-titanium" composite structure,are the fundamental reasons for the difficulty in improving iron concentrate grade and the high titanium content.This research provides critical theoretical guidance for subsequent quality enhancement and impurity reduction through selective grinding.


Process Mineralogy Characteristics and Beneficiation Significance of a Dolomite Ore in Liaoning Based on AMICS

YANG Fangyuan　LI Pengcheng　DAI Shujuan　LUAN Jingchun　DONG Lixin

2025, 54(12):  88-93. 

Asbtract ( 26 )   PDF (1635KB) ( 13 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To efficiently utilize the complex coexisting dolomite resources in a certain area of Haicheng,Liaoning Prov ince,this study conducted a systematic process mineralogy research on the ore by comprehensively applying analytical methods such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF),X-ray diffraction (XRD),and the automatic mineral analysis system (AM ICS).The results show that the main useful mineral in the ore is dolomite,with a content of 89.88%.The main gangue mineral is quartz,with a content of 6.16%.Dolomite is mostly present in irregular block and granular forms,and its distribution rela tionship with quartz is complex. Its monomer dissociation is good,and the distribution rate in the dissociation degree greater than 90% range is as high as 80.06% (cumulative 94.41%).The elemental state of existence indicates that magnesium (96.46%) and calcium (99.96%) are highly concentrated in dolomite,while silicon (87.31%) is mainly distributed in quartz.This study clarifies the process mineralogy characteristics of the ore and points out that the effective separation of dolo mite and quartz is the key to resource utilization.The research results can provide an important theoretical basis for the formu lation of subsequent beneficiation process schemes.

Study on the Effect of Energies on the Impact Breakage Characteristic of Magnetite Ores

JIA Shangwei, 　XU Zhuangfei

2025, 54(12):  94-100. 

Asbtract ( 29 )   PDF (3020KB) ( 15 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Energy input during the crushing process is a critical factor determining the liberation efficiency and grinding quality of magnetite ore.However,due to the complexity of influencing factors,the quantitative relationship between energy in put and liberation characteristics remains unclear.This study aims to systematically investigate the effects of impact energy on the breakage characteristics,particle size distribution,fracture morphology,and liberation behavior of magnetite.Drop hammer impact tests were conducted on magnetite particle beds with a specific size fraction (2.00~1.18 mm) and layer thickness (1.45 cm).The particle size distribution of the broken products was statistically analyzed using fractal theory,while the frac ture morphology and liberation characteristics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an AMICS-Min ing automated mineral analysis system.The results showed that the particle size distribution of the broken products conforms to a fractal pattern,and its fractal dimension (D) exhibits a strong linear positive correlation with specific energy (with a good ness-of-fit R2=0.95),proving it to be an effective indicator for assessing the breakage degree.With increasing impact energy, the fracture mode of magnetite evolves progressively from intergranular fracture through a coupled intergranular-transgranular mode to transgranular fracture.The liberation degree of magnetite follows a unimodal distribution with increasing specific ener gy,reaching a maximum liberation degree of 84.07% in the 0.038~0.019 mm fraction at the optimal specific energy of 0.80 kWh/t,indicating that an appropriate energy input can trigger selective breakage along mineral interfaces,thereby efficiently promoting mineral liberation.This study confirms that precise control of the specific energy to an optimal threshold can maxi mize liberation while suppressing overgrinding,providing a crucial theoretical basis for optimizing energy-efficient comminution processes for magnetite ore.

Study on Optimization of Quartz Grinding Behavior

DU Mengze　NIE Yimiao, 　LIU Shuxian　WANG Ling

2025, 54(12):  101-108. 

Asbtract ( 24 )   PDF (1456KB) ( 15 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To increase the yield of the target narrow-size fraction (0.074~0.038 5 mm) and effectively suppress over grinding in the quartz grinding process,this study systematically investigated the effects of medium parameters (size,ratio,fill ing rate),material parameters (material-to-ball ratio,grinding concentration),grinding time,and grinding aids (sodium hex ametaphosphate,ammonium chloride) using a horizontal ball mill and pure quartz.The results showed that under the optimal grinding parameters (the mass ratio of ceramic balls with diameters of 10,15 and 20 mm of 3∶5∶3,filling rate of 20%,materi al-to-ball ratio of 0.1,grinding concentration of 60%,grinding time of 30 min),the yield of the target fraction increased by 25.59 percentage points,while the over-ground fraction (-0.038 5 mm) decreased by 23.94 percentage points compared with direct grinding.Grinding aids further enhanced the performance,in which sodium hexametaphosphate outperformed ammonium chloride,and at its optimal dosage (0.5%),the target fraction yield increased by an additional 6.88 percentage points,and the over-ground fraction yield decreased by a further 3.97 percentage points.Through the entire process optimization,a final prod uct with a target fraction yield of 83.96% and an over-ground fraction yield of only 5.05% was achieved,significantly impro ving resource utilization rate.This study provides a reliable technical pathway for the efficient and selective grinding of quartz.

Study on Depression Behavior and Mechanism of Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid in Columbite Reverse Flotation

HU Yiwen, 　WANG Jieliang, 　CAO Zhao, 　TANG Jiayan, 　WU Xu,

2025, 54(12):  109-117. 

Asbtract ( 25 )   PDF (2046KB) ( 13 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The flotation separation of columbite from hematite is notoriously challenging due to their similar surface prop erties.To achieve efficient separation,this study systematically investigated the depression behavior and mechanism of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a selective depressant in a benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) flotation system.Micro-flotation tests on pure and artificially mixed minerals were conducted,complemented by contact angle measurements,Zeta potential anal ysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The results demonstrated that EDTA selectively and strongly depressed columbite while exerting a negligible effect on hematite.Under the optimized con ditions (pH=8.0,EDTA dosage of 75 mg/L,BHA concentration of 1.0×10-2 mol/L),the flotation recovery of columbite in pure mineral tests was drastically reduced to 13.04%,whereas that of hematite remained high at 91.52%.Consequently,a high-quality niobium concentrate with a Nb2 O5 grade of 63.66% and a recovery of 83.33% was obtained from the artificial mixed ore flotation.Mechanistic studies revealed that EDTA preferentially chelates and adsorbs onto the Nb active sites on the columbite surface,thereby preventing the subsequent adsorption of the collector BHA.In contrast,its adsorption on the hematite surface was too weak to interfere with BHA collection.This work confirms EDTA as an effective depressant for the flotation sep aration of columbite from hematite,offering a novel strategy for beneficiating such complex associated ores.

Effect of New Combined Collectors on Beryl Flotation Performance and Mechanism Study

ZHU Yimin, 　HU Jiaji, 　GE Jing, 　LI Siyang, 　LIU Jie,

2025, 54(12):  118-123. 

Asbtract ( 30 )   PDF (1839KB) ( 15 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To address the separation challenge caused by the similar floatability of beryl and common associated gangue minerals like quartz and albite,a novel cationic-anionic combined collector DG-1 was developed.Through pure mineral and ar tificial mixed mineral flotation tests,the effects of pulp pH and reagent dosage on separation efficiency were systematically in vestigated.The reaction mechanism of DG-1 was analyzed using contact angle,Zeta potential,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The results showed that under optimal conditions (pH=8,DG-1 dosage of 30 mg/L),the recovery rate of beryl reached 90.85%,while the recoveries of quartz and albite were only 0.78% and 0.69%,respectively,showing a sig nificant difference in floatability.The flotation of ternary artificial mixed minerals (mass ratio of 1∶1∶1) yielded a qualified be ryllium concentrate with BeO grade of 11.85% and BeO recovery of 81.19%.The mechanism study confirmed that DG-1 selec tively adsorbs on the beryl surface,significantly enhancing its hydrophobicity,which is a result of both physical and chemical adsorption.In contrast,only weak physical adsorption occurs on the surfaces of quartz and albite,with minimal impact on their floatability.This research provides a novel reagent and theoretical basis for the efficient and selective flotation of beryl.

Efficient Separation of a High-Potassium Collophane Ore in Hubei by Reverse Flotation

XU Changming, 　HE Dongsheng, 　TANG Yuan, 　TIAN Chengtao, 　LIAO Qiushi LI Zhili, 　FU Yanhong,

2025, 54(12):  124-130. 

Asbtract ( 33 )   PDF (1627KB) ( 18 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To address the challenge of utilizing a high-potassium,medium-low-grade phosphate ore from Hubei,this study initiated with a systematic process mineralogical investigation to elucidate its mineral composition and dissemination character istics.The results indicated that the valuable mineral is primarily fluorapatite,with gangue minerals dominated by K-feldspar, quartz,and a minor amount of dolomite.These gangue minerals are intricately disseminated and closely associated with fluorap atite.Furthermore,the ore contains a high proportion of fine particles smaller than 38 μm.Based on these findings,a combined beneficiation process of "pre-removal of iron,reverse flotation for desiliconization,and reverse flotation for magnesium removal" was developed,employing butyl xanthate,ether-amine collector H-1,phosphoric acid,and fatty acid collector GW-01 as key re agents.Closed-circuit tests yielded a concentrate with a P2 O5 grade of 31.96% and a recovery of 86.78%.The contents of K2 O,SiO2 ,MgO,and sesquioxide (Al2 O3 +Fe2 O3 ) in the concentrate were reduced to 0.99%,8.98%,0.54%,and 2.06%, respectively.This process successfully demonstrates the efficient recovery and utilization of this refractory high-potassium collo phane ore.

Selective Depression of Apatite from Calcite by Sodium Lignosulfonate and Its Particle Size Dependence

LI Mingmei　ZHAO Libing　LIU Sanyang　YANG Zixuan　YI Zurong　TIAN Xin　HAN Ming LI Wantao　LAI Youbang　WU Chuntao　GUO Xiaofei

2025, 54(12):  131-138. 

Asbtract ( 33 )   PDF (2444KB) ( 22 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Apatite is a crucial mineral resource for phosphorus extraction.The significant differences in the flotation be havior of different particle sizes seriously constrain the separation efficiency in flotation separation process.To address this is sue,this study systematically investigated the selective inhibition behavior and mechanism of sodium lignosulfonate (LS-Na) through pure and artificial mixed mineral flotation tests conducted on sized fractions of apatite and calcite (its primary associat ed gangue mineral).Under natural pH conditions using a BO collector (dosage of 2 kg/t),LS-Na effectively separated apatite from calcite,with its inhibition efficacy showing a significant particle size dependence.The strongest inhibition was observed for the coarse fraction (0.3~0.074 mm),where merely 20 mg/L of LS-Na resulted in a recovery difference exceeding 70%.As the particle size decreased to medium (0.074~0.023 mm) and fine (-0.023 mm) fractions,the required LS-Na dosage for effective separation increased,yielding recovery differences of approximately 60% and 20%,respectively.Mechanism studies revealed that the adsorption of LS-Na was much stronger on the calcite surface than on the apatite surface,which significantly reduced the hydrophobicity of calcite (contact angle decreased from 112.1° to 17.5°) while having a lesser effect on apatite (decreased from 110.3° to 84.9°).Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that chemisorption,primarily through the —SO 3 functional groups of LS-Na,occurred on both mineral surfaces.However,the Ca2+ sites on the calcite surface facilitated more stable chemical bonding with —SO 3 ,leading to the preferential and stronger adsorption of LS-Na onto calcite and thereby achieving selective inhibition.This research provides a theoretical basis for the ap plication of sodium lignosulfonate in mineral flotation,particularly in the separation of calcium-containing minerals.

Replacing Ammonium Salts with Magnesium Oxide for Green and Efficient Precipitation of Yttrium Recovery from Ion-Absorbed Rare Earth Ores

GONG Lei　JIA Wenhao　ZHOU Hepeng　LUO Xianping　TANG Xuekun

2025, 54(12):  139-144. 

Asbtract ( 30 )   PDF (1472KB) ( 27 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Ion-adsorption rare earth ore is a critical strategic resource,yet its dominant ammonium salt precipitation process causes serious ammonia-nitrogen pollution.To achieve green and efficient recovery,this study investigated the use of magnesium oxide as a novel precipitant for the recovery of yttrium,a representative rare earth element,and explored the under lying mechanism.Through systematic experiments,the optimal conditions were determined as follows:magnesium oxide added in slurry form with a dosage ratio of 2.4,a precipitation temperature of 90 ℃,and a reaction time of 4 h.Under these condi tions,a high-quality yttrium hydroxide product was obtained with a precipitation rate of 98.57% and a purity of 79.55%.Char acterization by XRD,SEM,and TG-DTG revealed that the precipitate was amorphous yttrium hydroxide with a rough surface and irregular particles.After calcination at 900 ℃ for 2 h,the precipitate transformed into well-crystallized,high-purity Y2 O3 with a smooth surface and uniform morphology.This research confirms that magnesium oxide as a precipitant can fundamentally eliminate ammonia-nitrogen pollution,providing a solid theoretical foundation and technical support for the green extraction of ion-adsorption rare earth ores and the advancement of in-situ leaching technology.

Study on the Combined Impurity Removal and Purification Process with Magnetic Floating,Acid Leaching, Calcination and Acid Leaching for a Quartz Sandstone

NIE Yimiao　WANG Shuo　DU Mengze　WANG Ling　LIU Shuxian　YU Xiaodong　WANG Long　WANG Sen

2025, 54(12):  145-149. 

Asbtract ( 30 )   PDF (1314KB) ( 10 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The surface of a certain quartz sandstone exhibits distinct rust-like staining.The quartz grains are tightly ce mented by clay minerals and siliceous cement,with fine and unevenly distributed impurities.The main iron and titanium-contai ning impurity minerals include pyrite,ilmenite,and magnetite,among others.To exploit and utilize this ore resource,a process study was conducted to remove impurities and purify the material.The results showed that after crushing and grinding,define and desliming,and high-intensity magnetic separation,followed by one neutral reverse flotation and one alkaline direct flota tion,and finally a mixed acid (hydrofluoric acid + phosphoric acid) leaching,calcination,re-leaching process,a quartz sand concentrate with an SiO2 content of up to 99.979% was obtained from a feed sample with an SiO2 grade of 98.07%.The total impurity content was reduced to 212.1 g/t,and the cumulative total removal rates of the key limiting impurities Al,Fe,and Ti reached 98.58%,95.89%,and 87.95%,respectively,meeting the quality standard for low-iron quartz sand.

Research on Prediction of Blasting Vibration Velocity and Main Frequency Based on Improved GS-SVR

ZHANG Guangquan, 　HUANG Cancan　WANG Mengjia　ZHANG Hao　WEN Zengrui

2025, 54(12):  150-158. 

Asbtract ( 26 )   PDF (2165KB) ( 27 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Blasting vibration will cause harm to surrounding residents and buildings (structures).However,blasting vi bration prediction technology has problems such as complex process and premature convergence.In order to improve the predic tion efficiency and accuracy,an improved GS-SVR prediction model is proposed.By changing the search step size of the grid search algorithm (improved GS),the support vector machine parameters are optimized,and the combination of the optimal ker nel function parameter gamma and the optimal penalty parameter c is applied to the support vector regression model (SVR). Based on the monitoring data of an open-pit mine,the random forest method was used to process the original data,and four pa rameters were selected as the input parameters of the model,including the distance between the explosion center,the total a mount of single blasting,the delay time of the hole distance meter and the delay time of the row distance meter.The model was used to predict the peak velocity and the main vibration frequency of the blasting vibration.The results show that the conver gence speed of the improved GS-SVR model is 10 s,and the accuracy can reach 99%.Compared with the prediction results of SVR,GA-SVR,PSO-SVR and Tabnet models,the training efficiency and prediction accuracy are significantly improved,indica ting that the improved GS-SVR model has better generalization ability.The prediction model of blasting vibration velocity and dominant frequency proposed in this study provides a effective prediction method for similar blasting projects.

Research on Optimal Energy Management and Real-time Control Strategy for Hybrid Mining Trucks

LI Hongliang　ZHANG Guojing

2025, 54(12):  159-166. 

Asbtract ( 30 )   PDF (3060KB) ( 25 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Taking the hybrid power system of hybrid mining truck as the research object,the optimal energy management and real-time control strategy are studied.The energy management strategy based on deterministic rules has good real-time per formance,but it is difficult to achieve optimal fuel economy.The energy management strategy based on Dynamic Programming (DP) can achieve global optimization,but it is difficult to achieve real-time control.This paper integrates two energy manage ment strategies to establish an optimal energy management strategy and achieve real-time control.Firstly,the DP algorithm is used to obtain the global optimal energy management strategy for hybrid mining trucks.The optimal solution is integrated and optimal control rules are extracted.Then,an energy management strategy based on optimal control rules is designed to achieve online control,effectively solving the problem that rule strategies can only optimize "control parameters" and cannot optimize " control rules".The comprehensive implementation of the optimality and real-time performance of energy management strategies is completed.The energy management strategy was simulated and validated on the joint simulation platform of AMESim Simu link/Stateflow.The simulation results showed that the torque distribution curve,power battery SOC curve,fuel consumption curve based on the energy management strategy of optimal control rules and DP energy management strategy had a high degree of approximation,confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimal energy management and real-time control strategy proposed in this paper.

Research on Theoretical Prediction Model of Productivity of Gyratory Crusher under Complex Working Conditions

WU Fengbiao　FENG Gan　MENG Tao　WANG Zhixia　ZHAO Guanghui

2025, 54(12):  167-174. 

Asbtract ( 21 )   PDF (3304KB) ( 11 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

There is a significant deviation between the existing theoretical model of gyratory crusher productivity and the actual production data,which limits the development,design and optimization application of new specifications of equipment. Aiming at this problem,the 60-110 E crusher of Metso Company is taken as the research object.Based on the characteristics of the blocking layer,the velocity distribution and regional characteristics of the material moving in different falling modes in the crushing chamber are analyzed,and the productivity prediction model considering the material movement law in the upwarp are a and the falling area is constructed.On this basis,the three-dimensional simulation model of the crusher is established by u sing SOLIDWORKS and EDEM,and the particle model is modified by combining the ore physical property test parameters to simulate the crushing process and obtain the predicted productivity.At the same time,the field operation data are collected to carry out the comparison and verification of theoretical prediction,simulation analysis and measured results.The results show that under the conditions of the bottom angle of the moving cone of 82.41°,the precession angle of 0.342° and the opening size of 160 mm,the theoretical calculation and simulation trends are basically the same in the swing speed range of 100~600 r/min.The productivity increases first and then decreases with the swing speed,and the productivity tends to zero when the swing speed is too high.Under the condition of 130 r/min,the relative error between the theoretical value and the measured value is 6.58%,and the error between the simulation result and the measured value is 2.98%,both within 10%,which verifies the accuracy of the model.The theoretical model can better describe the change law of gyratory crusher productivity,and pro vide theoretical support for equipment design optimization and performance improvement,which has certain engineering applicationvalue.

Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Acoustic Emission Signals and SGE-DCNN Self-Feature Fusion

LIN Yanghui　CHEN Xiaoxin　ZHOU Zihao　GU Yingkui

2025, 54(12):  175-182. 

Asbtract ( 23 )   PDF (3754KB) ( 45 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Under low frequency monitoring conditions such as low speed and heavy load,traditional vibration signals are difficult to effectively capture early micro damage characteristics due to their weak energy,susceptibility to mechanical reso nance and background noise interference.A self feature fusion fault diagnosis model based on acoustic emission signals and Spatial Group wise Enhancement Deep Convolutional Neural Network (SGE-DCNN) is proposed to address the problems of complex structure,large parameter quantity,and high computational cost in existing intelligent diagnostic models.Using the Gram Angular Field (GAF),one-dimensional non-stationary acoustic emission signals were converted into two-dimensional an gular relationship images.The dynamic features and global correlations of the temporal signals were encoded into high-dimen sional visual patterns,which constructed an image dataset rich in fault information for subsequent deep feature extraction.Fur thermore,a lightweight Spatial Grouping Enhancement (SGE) attention module is introduced into the Deep Convolutional Neu ral Network (DCNN) to adaptively enhance key fault features in both spatial and channel dimensions through grouping en hancement mechanism,while suppressing irrelevant noise interference,achieving automatic extraction and fusion of deep fea tures without manual intervention.The experimental results show that:① The proposed method achieves an average recognition accuracy of 96.54% on a test set containing multiple fault modes such as outer ring pitting and inner ring cracking.In strong noise environments (with signal-to-noise ratios as low as 2.5 dB),the model can still maintain high recognition accuracy and demonstrate strong robustness.② Due to the lightweight design of the SGE module,the model maintains high accuracy while its training time is comparable to the benchmark DCNN model,demonstrating a good balance between diagnostic accuracy and computational efficiency.The proposed method provides an effective technical approach to solve the problems of difficult signal extraction and model deployment in early bearing fault diagnosis.

Design Scheme Optimization of Pressure Relief Rectifier Device Structure in Heavy Haul Railway Tunnel

WANG Huijun　YANG Kun　WANG Hao　SA Zhanyou　TAO Jinxu　HU Kening

2025, 54(12):  183-193. 

Asbtract ( 26 )   PDF (4118KB) ( 18 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In response to the problems of mineral dust pollution and resource waste caused by the "piston wind" effect in heavy-haul railway tunnels,taking Liangjiashan Tunnel as the research object,the regulatory mechanism of the structural forms and key parameters (maximum/minimum cross-sectional area ratio r of the tapered section,taper angle β) of four pressure re lief and flow rectification devices (tapered-equal annular type,equal annular-tapered-equal annular type,tapered-beveled-equal annular type,equal annular-beveled type) on the tunnel entrance flow field was systematically explored through a combination of numerical simulation and experimental verification.The results show that the tapered-equal annular device reduces the pres sure gradient at the tunnel entrance and buffers the sudden change of wind pressure by contracting the flow channel in the ta pered section,and suppresses the generation of eddies by stabilizing the annular gap flow pattern in the equal annular section. Its comprehensive performance is better than that of multi-section combined or single beveled structure devices.When r≤1.4, the peak wind pressure decreases with the increase of r;when r>1.4,the pressure gradient rebounds.With the increase of β, the guiding effect of the side wall of the tapered section on the air flow is enhanced,and the pressure gradient is released more fully along the process,avoiding the concentrated accumulation of pressure at the tunnel entrance.Based on the field reality of Liangjiashan Tunnel,r=1.4 and β=20° are optimized as the optimal structural forms of the pressure relief and flow rectifica tion device.Engineering verification shows that the application of the device with the optimal structural form can reduce the maximum wind pressure in the tunnel by 60~100 Pa and the mineral dust concentration by 70%~90%,which can effectively control the "piston wind" effect and provide a parameter design basis for similar projects.

Numerical Simulation and Field Application of Dust Reduction Mechanism of Magnetized Water Coupled with Surfactant

WANG Gang　JING Deji, 　ZHANG Wenjie, 　MA Jichuang,

2025, 54(12):  194-200. 

Asbtract ( 22 )   PDF (2124KB) ( 19 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to solve the practical problems of serious dust pollution in coal mine and low dust reduction efficiency of conventional spray dust reduction technology,an active agent coupling magnetized water dust reduction technology is pro posed.Based on the liquid atomization model in Comsol software,a simulation model of spray droplet motion was established, and the changes of droplets of different dust-reducing solutions in a specific gas phase flow field were obtained.A simulation test platform for active magnetized water spray dust reduction was built to compare the dust reduction efficiency of active water mist magnetization and ordinary water.The experimental results show that the total dust and respirable dust suppression effi ciency of the active magnetization technology are increased by 4.8 and 16.5 persent point respectively compared with the ordi nary spray dust suppression,which fully proves that the active magnetized water can effectively improve the dust reduction effi ciency.Based on the simulation test,the active magnetized water spray dust suppression device was designed and applied to the No.81 transfer point of Shendong Bulianta Coal Mine.The field application shows that the dust removal efficiency of respirable dust and total dust by active magnetized water mist is increased by 12.55 and 11.27 persent point respectively compared with that by ordinary spray of untreated water.It is proved that the coupling technology of active agent and magnetization can effec tively improve the efficiency of dust reduction,which has theoretical and practical significance for promoting the development of coal mine dust removal technology.

A Spatio-Temporal Slope Displacement Prediction Based on Balanced Graph Structure

ZHENG Haiqing　CHEN Yingying　SUN Xiaoyun　CHEN Yong　JIN Qiang

2025, 54(12):  201-207. 

Asbtract ( 17 )   PDF (2124KB) ( 11 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Slope displacement monitoring plays a vital role in the field of geology and civil engineering,where changes in slope displacement provide a key basis for predicting landslides and slumps.Traditional neural networks usually use matrices or tensors to process data in slope displacement prediction,ignoring the spatial correlation between monitoring point.Graph neural networks have been gradually applied to the field of slope displacement prediction because they can effectively capture the spa tial relationships between nodes in graph-structured data.However,traditional graph neural networks are often designed with only one graph structure when applied to slope displacement prediction,which cannot capture the dynamic changes of spatio temporal relationships between monitoring points in different time periods.To address these problems,a slope displacement pre diction model based on balanced graph structure is proposed,which combines graph structure learning and time series predic tion,and is able to capture the potential spatio-temporal relationships between displacement sequences of multiple monitoring points to improve the model's ability to model complex relationships.In the prediction model,the multi-graph generation net work (MGN) and the graph selection module are introduced.The MGN can adapt to the dynamic changes of the spatio-tempo ral relationships of the monitoring points in different time periods to make the model more flexible,and the graph selection module selects the optimal graphs from the set of the graphs generated by the MGN to improve the efficiency of the model.In order to reduce the computational cost,"Smooth Sparse Unit" is introduced to sparsify the graph structure.Taking the mine slope displacement monitoring data of a cement plant in Shijiazhuang as an example,the results show that the proposed predic tion model can greatly reduce the calculation cost while ensuring the prediction accuracy,and meet the needs of slope monito ring and early warning.

Study on the Evolution Process and Catastrophic Law of Dam Overtopping Failure of Mixed Damming Tailings Pond

LIU Mingsheng, 　LIU Zixi　LAN Rong　LUO Yulong　SUN Gaoyue　YANG Songhua　FU Can

2025, 54(12):  208-215. 

Asbtract ( 23 )   PDF (5230KB) ( 18 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Combined with the advantages of a single dam building method,the mixed damming process of tailings pond can make full use of tailings accumulation,reduce the cost of dam construction,and adapt to complex terrain. In order to ex plore the behavior characteristics of the dam failure process of a mixed damming tailings pond,this paper established a three dimensional dam failure test model based on a mixed dam tailings pond in Yunnan Province based on the similarity theory and the self-invented hybrid dam construction method.Two dam failure model tests of the tailings pond under the condition of rain fall intensity of 80 mm/h were carried out.The changes of the dam failure process,inundation process and downstream impact were analyzed.The results showed that the development of the breach in the process of the tailings pond failure of mixed dam construction showed the characteristics of stages.The final breach of the two tests was located on the left bank.The downstream inundation range increased and tended to be stable with time,which was in line with the actual situation of the dam overtopping failure of the tailings pond.And the dam failure slurry caused different degrees of disaster impact on each sensitive point.The results of this study preliminarily revealed the evolution process of the dam overtopping failure of the mixed damming tailings pond,which provided reference value for the safety design and disaster risk management of tailings pond.The subsequent re search can further verify the engineering advantages of mixed damming through comparative tests.

Emergency Route Design for Mine Incidents Integrating Improved A∗ Algorithm and VR Technology

DUAN Wei　WANG Jianguo　GUO Jianjun

2025, 54(12):  216-222. 

Asbtract ( 26 )   PDF (1981KB) ( 9 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In mine emergency incidents,traditional emergency route planning suffers from insufficient dynamic adaptabil ity,low computational efficiency,and the lack of visual interaction,which seriously threatens the safety of miners.To address these issues,a mine emergency route design method integrating an improved A∗ algorithm and virtual reality technology is pro posed.Firstly,to overcome the limitations of the traditional A∗ algorithm in dynamic environments,a bidirectional search strate gy is adopted to optimize the path search efficiency,a dynamic cost function is introduced to enhance adaptability to changes in hazard sources,and a slope influence factor is combined to correct the three-dimensional path weights,thereby constructing a dynamic emergency route planning model.Secondly,a visual interaction system is developed by integrating VR technology, which realizes functions such as dynamic path adjustment,immersive drills,and remote command.Experiments show that the improved A∗ algorithm converges within 23 iterations,with a path design time of only 8.32 s and an obstacle avoidance success rate of 97.79%.Training based on virtual reality technology increases the miners' escape success rate to 95.1%,a 24.6% im provement over 2D map training.The research demonstrates that the proposed mine emergency route design scheme not only optimizes the efficiency of path planning but also enhances the adaptability to dynamic environments.Combined with the visual interaction and remote command functions of the VR system,miners can familiarize themselves with escape routes in an immer sive environment and improve their emergency rescue capabilities in sudden situations.

IQPSO-SVM Model for Deformation Prediction of Mine Slope

GUO Qi　MA Junjie　WANG Linyu

2025, 54(12):  223-228. 

Asbtract ( 24 )   PDF (1780KB) ( 17 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Realizing the monitoring and analysis of mine slope deformation is of great significance for ensuring the safety of mine production.The traditional Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm has the advantages of strong glob al optimization ability and few control parameters,but it is prone to premature convergence,which affects the prediction accura cy.Therefore,an adaptive learning factor is introduced to dynamically adjust the particle search strategy,enhancing the global search ability of the QPSO algorithm and preventing premature convergence.At the same time,by combining the advantages of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model in classification and regression problems,an integrated prediction model (IQPSO SVM model) based on the improved QPSO (IQPSO) algorithm and the SVM model is proposed.This model first optimizes the hyperparameters of the SVM model using the IQPSO algorithm,enabling the SVM model to better handle complex geological data;then,the optimized SVM model is applied to the prediction of mine slope deformation.Taking a certain mine slope as an example for verification analysis,the results show that this model has certain advantages in predicting the deformation of mine slopes compared to the SVM,Random Forest (RT) and PSO-SVM models.

Driving Mechanisms and Ecological Effects of Heavy Metal Migration Across Multiple Media in a Typical Lead-Zinc Mining Area

ZHAO Hengqian, 　WANG Mengmeng　WU Yanhua　MAO Jihua　WANG Xuefei, JIN Qian, 　YUAN Hao

2025, 54(12):  229-235. 

Asbtract ( 34 )   PDF (2240KB) ( 10 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To investigate the migration patterns of heavy metals in a typical lead-zinc mining area,this study took the Laiyuan mining area in Hebei Province as a case study.Through systematic collection of soil and maize samples,and the inte grated application of the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index,Geodetector,and statistical analysis,the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals and their ecological effects were revealed.Pollution assessment indicated that the soils in the study area were heavily polluted by Cu,Pb,Zn,and Cd,lightly polluted by Cr,and that Ni was at the warning level;Spatially, heavily polluted samples accounted for up to 70.54%.Geodetector analysis identified the Normalized Difference Vegetation In dex (NDVI) and distance from the tailings pond as the key factors driving the spatial differentiation of heavy metals.Statistical analysis further confirmed that the contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,and Cd significantly decreased with increasing distance from the tail ings pond,demonstrating a clear horizontal migration pattern.Vertically,significant correlations were found between heavy metal contents in maize leaves and soils for Zn (in Area A) and Cd (in Area B),confirming plant uptake and vertical migration.Ad ditionally,soil heavy metal content showed a significant negative correlation with maize leaf chlorophyll content,indicating the inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis.This research provides a scientific basis for understanding the migration behavior of heavy metals in mining areas and for developing targeted ecological restoration strategies.

Pollution Characteristics,Source Apportionment,and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from a Lead-Zinc Smelter in Gansu Province

WANG Xiao, 　TANG Chao, 　MA Baoqiang, 　WU Mingyan, 　SU Hu

2025, 54(12):  236-244. 

Asbtract ( 27 )   PDF (2014KB) ( 19 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To investigate the pollution characteristics,sources,and human health risks of heavy metals in a typical lead zinc smelter,this study targeted an abandoned lead-zinc smelter in Gansu Province.A total of 39 topsoil samples were systemat ically collected,and the concentrations of seven heavy metals—arsenic (As),cadmium (Cd),copper (Cu),lead (Pb),mer cury (Hg),nickel (Ni),and zinc (Zn)—were determined.Comprehensive assessments,including geostatistics,the single fac tor index method,the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method,the potential ecological risk index (PERI) method,the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model,and the human health risk assessment model,were employed to evaluate the spa tial distribution,pollution level,ecological risk,source apportionment,and health risks of soil heavy metals.The results indica ted that the soil in the study area was alkaline.With the exception of Ni,the average concentrations of all other heavy metals significantly exceeded the background values for Gansu soils,with As,Cd,Hg,and Zn showing the highest enrichment factors at 13.15,25.28,71.52,and 11.03 times the background values,respectively.Spatially,the high-value areas for As,Cd,Pb,and Zn were concentrated in the wastewater treatment area and the production workshop.Pollution evaluation revealed that As was at a slight pollution level based on the single factor index,and the Nemerow index indicated that the overall study area was at a slight pollution level.However,the potential ecological risk index suggested a very high ecological risk,primarily contributed by Hg,Cd,and As.The PMF model identified three main sources:smelting pollution source (contributing 52.19%),dust fall source (contributing 22.78%),and natural source (contributing 21.99%).Health risk assessment showed that the non-carci nogenic risk for adults was close to the threshold,while the total carcinogenic risk exceeded the acceptable level,indicating an unacceptable carcinogenic risk.Arsenic (As) was the primary carcinogenic factor,and oral ingestion was the main exposure pathway.This study provides a critical scientific basis for soil pollution risk control and remediation at the smelter site.

Deposit Characteristics,Metallogenic Regularity and Prospecting Direction of Bauxite in Guinea

YUAN Yangsen　WANG Huabing　ZHANG Jun　ZHANG Zexia　GUO Jinghui　YAN Guanghou　GUO Yuxi

2025, 54(12):  245-258. 

Asbtract ( 23 )   PDF (8861KB) ( 20 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Guinea is endowed with the world's richest and highest-quality bauxite resources and is currently the main supplier of bauxite to China. Studying the characteristics,mineralization regularity,and prospecting directions of bauxite in Guinea is of great significance for promoting the participation of Chinese enterprises in the exploration and development of bauxite resources in Guinea and ensuring the continuous supply of bauxite for China.Based on the summary of bauxite resource endowment and typical deposit characteristics in Guinea,this paper discusses the deposit types,spatial and temporal distribu tion of bauxite in Guinea,and divides the mineralization zones in detail.The results show that:① Guinea has the largest proven bauxite reserves in the world,mainly concentrated in the Boke region in the west,the Kogon-Tomini River and Fatala-Fria min eralization area,with good resource quality.② The deposits are classified into three types:lateritic,sedimentary-lateritic and accumulation types,with lateritic type being the dominant one.③ All bauxite occurs in laterite weathering crust,and the distri bution and deposit characteristics of bauxite are closely related to the topography and underlying ore-forming parent rocks.④ The main ore-forming parent rocks are Mesozoic basalt and gabbro,followed by Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic aluminium-rich argillite and silty mudstone etc.⑤ Mineralization began in the Late Cretaceous and continued to the Early Pleistocene at the latest,and the Middle to Late Miocene is the main metallogenic period.According to ore-forming conditions,metallogenic regu larity and development environment,the bauxite ore-forming unit in Guinea is further divided into three secondary mineraliza tion belts:the western Bové Basin,the central Fouta-Djallon Plateau,and the eastern Dinguiraye,as well as 12 mineralization areas (prospective potential areas).

A Multi-Scale Feature Semantic Association Method for Multi-source Remote Sensing Image Fusion in Mining Area

SHI Yan　LI Haijun　JU Chengyu　WU Zhilu

2025, 54(12):  259-264. 

Asbtract ( 27 )   PDF (2183KB) ( 12 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

With the rapid development of remote sensing technology,obtaining multi-source remote sensing image of min ing areas has become an important means for resource monitoring and assessment.However,remote sensing image from different sources have significant differences in spatial resolution,spectral characteristics,and acquisition time.How to effectively in tegrate these data to improve the accuracy of feature extraction in mining areas is currently a research difficulty.To this end,a multi-source remote sensing image fusion method based on multi-scale feature semantic association is proposed.This method first extracts multi-scale spatial-spectral features from remote sensing images through multi-scale feature extraction technology, using image pyramids and convolutional neural networks.Then,an improved graph convolutional neural network (GCNN) is used to process these multi-scale features.By introducing a feature propagation mechanism and an adaptive weight adjustment strategy,the network's ability to learn local structures and global information is enhanced.Finally,semantic association analysis is used to fuse geological background knowledge with multi-scale physical features.The relationship between features is meas ured by cosine similarity and the weights are dynamically adjusted,achieving effective integration of physical features and se mantic information.Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 35.2dB,reduces the spectral angle error (SAE) to 0.015,has a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.012,and a structural similar ity index (SSIM) of 0.89.It effectively improves the spatial resolution of hyperspectral data while maintaining good spectral characteristics.This method provides a new idea for remote sensing monitoring of mining areas and has certain practical appli cation value.

InSAR Interferometric Phase Filtering Method Based on Deep Residual Network

MA Hefei　CHEN Junqi　ZHANG Di　GAO Yandong　LI Shijin　BIAN Hefang　YANG Huachao

2025, 54(12):  265-274. 

Asbtract ( 24 )   PDF (4534KB) ( 20 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Interferometric phase filtering is one of the key steps in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurement data processing.The accuracy of the results will directly affect the accuracy of phase un-wrapping,and then affect the final InSAR data processing accuracy.In recent years,deep learning InSAR inter-ferometric phase filtering has received ex tensive attention due to its superior performance,but its model still has bottlenecks such as weak generalization ability and poor ability to maintain interferometric phase details.Therefore,an InSAR interferometric phase filtering method based on deep re sidual network is proposed.Based on the original residual network structure,this method integrates the channel attention mod ule to enhance the generalization ability of the deep learning interferometric phase filtering network model and enhance the de tails of the deep learning interferometric phase filtering results.Aiming at the problem of edge phase jump of interference frin ges,the network model takes the real and imaginary parts of the deformed interference phase as input,so as to effectively main tain the edge information of dense fringes.The simulation data and the measured data are used for experiments,and compared with the existing spatial domain,frequency domain and deep learning filtering methods.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the root mean square error (RMSE) by nearly 25% and the structural similarity index (SSIM) by nearly 10% in the simulation data.In the measured data,the proposed method can better retain the phase detail information.

Research Progress on the Design,Preparation,and Conductivity Regulation of Conductive Geopolymers

WANG Shengqiang, 　WANG Chunmei, 　LI Guan, 　LI Yanhao, YANG Lirong, 　JIA Yuan,

2025, 54(12):  275-285. 

Asbtract ( 26 )   PDF (3869KB) ( 26 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Conductive geopolymer,developed by modifying traditional geopolymer with conductive functional phases,re presents a novel class of materials that combine environmental friendliness with multifunctionality,aiming to overcome its con ductivity limitations and expand its application fields.This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress in this field,fo cusing on the preparation processes,conductivity mechanisms,and the structure-property relationships between microstructure and macroscopic properties.The results indicate that the type and dosage of conductive phase (e.g.,a low percolation thresh old of 0.05% for carbon fibers,a 348-fold increase in conductivity with 1% graphene) and the dispersion technique (e.g., pre-mixing method reducing resistivity by over 99%) are critical for performance regulation.Microscopic analysis,such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),reveals that the "filler dispersion,interface bonding,network formation" mechanism is central to determining the conductive and mechanical properties.Carbon-based conductive geopolymers,in particular,demon strate outstanding comprehensive performance.Consequently,these materials show great potential in applications such as elec tromagnetic shielding,intelligent sensing,and energy storage.Finally,this paper identifies current challenges,including disper sion techniques,interface control,and long-term stability,and outlines promising future research directions.

From Alkaline Residue to Secondary Resource:Advances in Composition,Properties, and Functional Utilization of Red Mud

WU Pingchuan, 　PANG Jichen, 　YANG Bingfei, 　ZHENG Yanjin,

2025, 54(12):  286-294. 

Asbtract ( 29 )   PDF (1485KB) ( 76 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Red mud is a strongly alkaline bulk solid waste generated by the alumina industry,and its stockpiling poses increasingly severe environmental and spatial pressures.To advance the resource utilization of red mud,this paper systematical ly analyzes its characteristics in China,including chemical composition (rich in Si,Al,Fe,Ti,Na,Ca,and trace elements) and mineral structure (dominated by amorphous phases such as hematite and goethite).Based on this,the technological progress in its resource utilization is reviewed,focusing on two main directions:valuable element recovery and functional material prepara tion.The results indicate that:in terms of element recovery,technologies like reduction roasting-magnetic separation and acid leaching can achieve recovery rates exceeding 90% for iron and aluminum under laboratory conditions. In terms of material preparation,red mud can be used in cement production,as a concrete admixture,and in cementitious materials,with some red mud-based road materials having entered the trial application stage.Furthermore,red mud-based adsorbents exhibit excellent adsorption performance for uranium,CO2 ,etc.(e.g.,adsorption capacities can reach 59.45 mg/g and 13.25 mg/g,respective ly).However,the current comprehensive utilization rate of red mud in China is only about 12%,with most technologies still fa cing cost and process bottlenecks.It is concluded that future efforts should follow the principle of "categorization and classifica tion." In the short term,technologically mature construction material applications should be promoted for rapid bulk consump tion.In the long term,the economic and technical challenges of efficient valuable element extraction must be overcome to ultimately achieve the large-scale,high-value,and harmless utilization of red mud.

Performance Enhancement and Mechanisms of Electrolytic Manganese Residue-Based All-Solid-Waste Backfill Material under Sulfate Attack Environment

ZHANG Xihe　LIU Xiaoming　LIU Xin　LONG Hongxiao

2025, 54(12):  295-300. 

Asbtract ( 21 )   PDF (3223KB) ( 17 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To achieve the resource utilization of bulk industrial solid waste and improve the sulfate resistance of mine backfill materials,this study developed a full solid-waste backfill material based on electrolytic manganese residue (EMR), phosphorous slag,and fly ash,using quicklime as an alkaline activator and triisopropanolamine (TIPA) as a modifier.The evo lution of the microstructure and the performance enhancement mechanism of the material under erosion in a 5% Na2 SO4 solu tion were systematically investigated through porosity measurements,XRD,and SEM analysis.The results indicated that sulfate attack promoted the dissolution of active silico-aluminous components,leading to the formation of hydration products such as ettringite (AFt),C-S-H,and C-A-S-H,which effectively filled pores and densified the matrix.The sample with 25% EMR content exhibited the best sulfate resistance,with the porosity decreasing from 5.77% to 4.14% after 90 days of erosion.TIPA chelated Fe3+ to enhance the dissolution of the iron phase,facilitating the formation of more stable ferric-aluminate ettringite and further optimizing the pore structure for improved long-term sulfate resistance.This study provides a theoretical and experi mental basis for the high-value utilization of EMR in sulfate-resistant mine backfill materials.