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    15 June 2016, Volume 45 Issue 06
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    Numerical Study on Damage and Fracture Degree of Rock Mass Induced by Blasting Mining
    PAN Peng-Fei, SUN Hou-Guang, HAN Zhong-He, FENG Chun, GUO Ru-Kun, LI Shi-Hai
    2016, 45(06):  1-7. 
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    Based on Landau firing blasting model and strain softening shear tensile composite constitutive model in Continuum-discontinuum Element Method（CDEM)，the relationship between blasting mining and damage fracture degree of rock mass surrounding the bore hole is discussed.According to dimensional analysis，the major influence factors related to the damage and fracture process of rock mass under blasting load are determined.By adopting Mohr-Coulomb model and maximal tensile stress model considering strain softening effect，the relationship between damage factors of rock mass and blasting distance under different cohesion and tensile strength is studied.Numerical results show that，a dense fracture zone with compressive shear failure appears near the bore hole，and the rock mass in this zone is totally damaged.In the area far from the hole，the major failure pattern is tensile failure，and some straight tensile fractures appear in this area.With the increase of blasting distance，the damage factor decreases gradually with decaying exponential pattern，and the fitting function between damage factor and dimensionless blasting distance，dimensionless cohesion and dimensionless tensile strength is obtained.The critical radius of strong damage region（the area damage factor greater than 0.9) varies about from 2.5 m to 5.5 m，only controlled by cohesion.The critical radius of weak damage region（the area damage factor less than 0.1) is generally greater than 8 m，and controlled by cohesion and tensile strength.
    Constitutive Relation of Uniaxial Compression Based on the Pressure Consolidation and Damage Function
    ZHAO Yong-Chuan, YANG Tian-Hong, LIU Hong-Lei, Wang-Hong, LIU Gang, SHEN Zhi-Liang
    2016, 45(06):  8-13. 
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    The uniaxial experiments of western cemented slime sandstone were conducted.Based on the stress-strain variation at pressure consolidation and the damage stage in the constitutive curve，the volumetric strain in the pressure consolidation stage and the acoustic emission in the loading process were considered as the parameters to describe the pressure consolidation and damage characteristic.The Logistic function and exponential function were used to fit the curve of volumetric strain and accumulative acoustic emission respectively to obtain the pressure consolidation and damage function.Take a consideration of the elastic deformation characteristic of the sample，the Logistic and exponential function were combined in a liner to make regression analysis on the stress-strain curve obtained by the uniaxial compression tests of loading control and displacement control (including the before-peak and the whole process).Then，the well-fitting constitutive equation of sandstone under uniaxial compression was established and the meaning of parameters in the pressure consolidation function and damage function were analyzed.
    Study on Mining Technology of Pre-truncating Crest Disaster Isolation for Deep Orebody in Xiadian Gold Mine
    WANG Jin-Bo, HE Shao-Bo, RAO Yun-Zhang, ZHOU Dong-Liang, DENG Hong-Wei, WANG Bing-Wen
    2016, 45(06):  14-18. 
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    Aimed at mining conditions that the hanging wall of inclined thick deep orebody is existing fault gouge in Xiadian Gold Mine,now the main problems of high loss and dilution rate and hard surface protection were appeared with sublevel caving method used.The combination of present situation and mining conditions,the test scheme of pre-truncating crest disaster isolation mining was proposed.In the stope,the triangle ore of hanging wall was mined at first.Then the goaf was filled with high concentration and high cement-sand ratio of classified tailings to isolate the disaster body at hanging wall with poor stability.In the ore block,the pillar was mined in advance,and the goaf was filled by high strength cemented tailings.Then the room was mined,and filled by low strength cemented tailing or hydraulic sands.The tests has indicated that the scheme can better control ground pressure,decrease the loss and dilution of ore,and increase the production capability to achieve the targets of safety,efficiency and low costs in mining of deep orebody.
    Research of Efficient Mining Method in Slowly Inclined Medium Thick Orebody
    ZHAO Yong-Feng, ZHANG Xiong-Tian, MA Hong-Fu, TIAN Wei
    2016, 45(06):  19-23. 
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    Taking the Xinjiang Hami Huangtupo Copper Zinc Mine as the research object,there exists series of problems in the first phase mining,such as high loss and dilution rate,poor ventilation.Aiming at these problems,the new scheme of two steps mining method for exploration of deep mineral resources is put forward.That is,according to the vertical direction of the ore block（thickness of ore-body is 10 m or higher),ore block is divided into the room and pillar.Two-step mining method is adopted,firstly recovering room,and then pillar; For ore room,the sublevel stoping method with subsequent backfill is used.For ore pillar,the upwards horizontal layered stoping with backfill is adopted.Based on FLAC3D,the mining process at the second step of the new scheme is numerically simulated.At the second step of mining,there is no caving and collapse of the roof.Through industrial tests of step one and step two,it is found that the new scheme has advantages of working concentration,high utilization rate of equipment,small exposed roof area at stoping,high security in the operation,lower loss at pillar stoping,and moderate mining costs.The mining recovery rate and dilution rate were 93.50% and 7.69% separately.It greatly improves the economic benefits of the mine.
    Analysis of the Stopes Stability in Different Stages of Stoping and Filling under Complicated Stress Condition
    HE Zhi-Liang, WANG Da-Guo, LI Bin, FENG Liang-2
    2016, 45(06):  24-31. 
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    The stopes stability in different stages of stoping and filling under complicated stress condition was studied in the downward sublevel cut-and-fill mining stopes of Jinchuan No.3 mining area.According to the relationship of maximum horizontal principal stress σH，minimum horizontal principal stress σh and the vertical principal stress σv，the in-situ stress field can be divided into σh stress field（σH >σh >σv）,σhv stress field （σH >σv>σh）and σv stress field（σv >σH >σh）.The stability of stoping and filling phase-1 of two-sided orebody，phase-2 of one-sided orebody and one-sided filling body，and phase-3 drifts of two-sided filling body was analyzed under those three kinds of stress field by using the numerical simulation software FLAC3D.The results showed that if the stress field changed from σh stress field to σhv stress field，until σv stress field，the tensile stress and maximum displacement at phase-1 are gradually transferred from the sides to the roof and bottom，while the tensile stress and the maximal displacement of the phase-2 and phase-3 drifts were generated at the roof of drifts，and expanded with the stress field changed.It is showed that the earlier stoping affected the in-situ stress distribution and leaded that rock stress distribution and deformation law of late stoping and filling under three kinds of stress field gradually tend to be the same.The larger horizontal stress of σh stress field has a more poor stability of stopes under σh stress field comparing with two other types of stress field.But this trend has weakened in late stoping and filling.
    Research on Blasting Vibration Prediction of the Goaf under Open-pit Mine
    QU Deng-Xing, YANG Chen, ZHU Xin-Cheng, WANG Gong-Zhong
    2016, 45(06):  32-36. 
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    The software LS-DYNA was employed to build model for blast vibration with a single hole.The influence of blast vibration to the goaf was analyzed,and the fitted prediction formula of the vibration velocity on the goaf roof was obtained.The main factors affecting the blasting vibration on goaf were determined.Combining with the dimensional theory of homogeneous analysis,the blasting vibration peak velocity prediction formula of goaf roof was obtained,and Matlab software is used to make regression fitting to get correlation coefficient of blasting vibration peak velocity prediction formula of goaf roof.The maximum charge weight of blasting to guarantee safety can be calculated and the vibration peak velocity can be predicted according to actual engineering,which can provide theoretical guide for in situ blast construction design.
    Sensitivity Analysis of Strength of Cemented Backfill and Ratio of Optimization
    WEI Xiao-Ming, LI Chang-Hong
    2016, 45(06):  37-42. 
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    Cemented backfills were produced by taking Lilou iron ore tailings as raw material and cement as cementing material.The physical and chemical parameters and the uniaxial compressive strength of Lilou tailings were measured.The relationship of the cemented backfills' strength with slurry concentration,cement-sand ratio and curing age were studied and the sensitivity was analyzed to these impact factors.The strength of the cemented backfills follows a linear growth with slurry concentration,but an exponential growth with cement-sand ratio and curing age.Moreover,the sensitivity of the backfills' strength to cement-sand ratio is the highest,but is the weakest to slurry concentration.In engineering application,the core strength derived from six large filling stopes was analyzed.The underground core strength was above 1.59 MPa higher than laboratory test blocks.In order to satisfy the strength of different depth,it is suggested that filling ratio should be reduced from1:6 to 1:8 at 20～50 m segment,thus lowering the filling costs.
    PFC2D Numerical Simulation in Velocity Law of Covering Layer Particles
    JING Bo-Xiang, CHEN Chao, ZHANG Ya-Bin, LI Jia-Hui
    2016, 45(06):  43-48. 
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    The covering layer of transition from open-pit to underground plays an important role in preventing the air leak,seepage of water and pressure bump.The movement mechanism study on layer will be beneficial to control the structure of layer and to ensure the smooth of underground mining.It also has great significance for the transformation safety of mines.The numerical simulation was developed by using PFC2D combined with the structure parameters of underground stope and the composition parameters of the layer in a certain mine to explore the movement speed change law of internal granular particles.It is shown that the average movement velocity of small particles is 1.6 to 2.0 times of big particles,and the velocity of particles above route is 2.5 to 3.0 times of other region.At the same time,the velocity variation trend of particles above route is faster relatively in the late phase of ore-drawing and the other region is relatively flat.
    Study of Regularity of Explosive Stress Wave Propagation in Jointed Rock Mass
    YANG Ren-Shu, XU Peng, YANG Li-Yun, DING Chen-Xi
    2016, 45(06):  49-54. 
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    In order to study the explosive stress wave propagation in rock mass，the finite element model was built based on ABAQUS / EXPLICIT software，in which the ricker wavelet was used as the explosion source.The numerical result illustrates the feasibility of using ricker wavelet as an explosion source in the simulation of explosive stress wave propagation compared with dynamic photo-elastic experimental results.The result shows that：under the action of explosive stress wave，the stress in rock media presents three stress state with time order：the compression-shear stress field induced by radial compression stress and tensile tangential stress; the tensile-shear stress field composed of a combination of radial tensile stress and tangential tensile stress; the tensile-shear stress field formed by radial tensile stress and tangential tensile stress.Strong stress concentration has formed under the stress superposition the reflection and diffraction waves generated after crossing the open joint and explosion stress wave，and blast-induced wing crack eventually initiates and propagates at the both ends of the joint.
    Application of Double Joist Steel Shed Support Technology in Large Section Open-off Cut of the Lower Slice
    LI Jia-Feng, LIU Chang-Wu, LIU De-Feng, JIANG Yuan
    2016, 45(06):  55-58. 
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    During the layer mining process of the thick coal seam，the roof at the lower layer generally are the caving gangues of the upper layer working face and the crushed coal falling from the upper roof affected by the upper mining disturbance，so it is unsuitable to use the combined support of bolt and cable.In most cases，the shed support with the combined single hydraulic prop is adopted to maintain the roadway stability.Especially，the open-off cut supporting with large section becomes one of the difficulties in the lower layer design.With a large section open-off cut support in Xinjiang under China Coal Energy as a case，the load concentration of artificial support structure is calculated out，according to the pressure arch theory.On this basis，the reasonable array distance of the I-steel shed beam support is determined when the I-steel shed beam reaches the standard yield strength.These provide a reference for field design and construction of the shed.
    Experiment Research on High Intensity Magnetic-Flotation of a Silica-Calcia Manganese
    XIE Jun, LI Xian-Hai, MAO Song, LI Long-Jiang, QIU Yue-Qin, ZHANG Qin
    2016, 45(06):  59-64. 
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    There is 21.83% manganese in a silica-calcia low grade manganese ore from Sichuan Province.Manganese is finely disseminated in the ore and easy to be sliming.To provide basis for the development of the ore，beneficiation experiment was conducted on the ore by pre-sliming-grinding-high intensity magnetic separation-regrinding-cationic reverse flotation-anionic direct flotation process.Results show that ore via pre-sliming and ground to 75% passing 0.075 mm，ground products mixed with slime and then via one roughing-one scavenging high intensity magnetic separation，high intensity magnetic concentrate with manganese grade of 25.23% and recovery of 85.92% was obtained，high intensity magnetic concentrate reground to 85.14% passing 0.074 mm，using sulfuric acid as pH regulator，dodecylamine as collector，via one roughing-two scavenging reverse flotation，reverse flotation concentrate was obtained with manganese grade of 28.86%，recovery of 78.57%，using Na2CO3 as pH regulator，sodium hexametaphosphate as depressor，GJBW as collector via one roughing-two scavenging direct flotation，direct flotation concentrate with manganese grade of 33.62%，recovery rate is 72.76% was obtained.Test results can provide technique reference for utilization of the silica-calcia manganese.
    Experimental Research of Mineral Processing on Lead Sulphide Ore from Xinjiang Province
    LI Wen-Hua, HAN Jun-Wei, LIU Wei, XUE Kai, ZHANG Tian-Fu
    2016, 45(06):  65-68. 
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    School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering，Central South University，Changsha 410083,China There is 2.63% lead and 0.37% zinc in a lead sulfide ore from Xinjiang.Lead mainly occurs in galena，some of which in form of cerussite，sardinianite，and plumbojarosite.To provide technique basis for the development of the ore，beneficiation experiment was conducted.Results indicated that，using sodium sulfide + sodium carbonate + zinc sulfate as depressor (adding into the ball mill)，at the grinding fineness of 74% passing 0.074 mm，using 25# aerofloat and ethyl xanthate as collector，via one roughing-two cleaning-three scavenging closed circuit flotation process，lead concentrate obtained with lead grade of 63.66%，the recovery rate is 63.66%，zinc grade of 1.02%.The results can provide technique basis for the determination of ore beneficiation process.
    Leaching Experiment of Copper Oxide Ore from Africa
    WANG Long, LIU Xin-Xing, XIE Jian-Ping
    2016, 45(06):  69-72. 
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    There is 1.53% copper and 0.024% cobalt in a copper ore from Africa.Copper mainly exists in form of oxidized ore.Leaching process is brought to recovery the copper and cobalt resources.With the ore properties gradually become complicated and copper grade reduced，the production cost is high and the production index is unstable via the original process.To improve the production index，agitation leaching experiments was conducted on the ore.Results indicated that，the optimum leaching conditions is leaching temperature 65 ℃，pulp density 30%，leaching time of 3 h，stirring speed 500 r/min，raffinate cyclic reuse，adding acid amount of 20.24 kg/t，the copper leaching rate is 78.65%，cobalt leaching rate is 45.25%.Copper and cobalt leaching rate was increased by 3.65 and 2.25 percentage points,compared on-site process.The test results can provide important technical support for the on-site production.
    Separation Flotation Promotion of Iso-floatability Concentrate of Lead-zinc Sulfide Ore from Guangxi by Reagent Removal
    BU Xian-Zhong, WANG Yang, GAO Ke, LONG Tao
    2016, 45(06):  73-76. 
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    When iso-flotation process is adopted for the flotation of lead-zinc sulphide ore in Guangxi,large amount of collectors are adhered to the surface of lead-zinc bulk concentrate.Zinc ore are hard to be depressed when its surface adhered by collectors in the followed lead-zinc separation process.In order to improve the separation effect of lead and zinc,remove collectors adhered to the surface of zinc minerals was conducted.The lead-zinc separation effects by the separated reagent removal and combinative reagent removal of sodium sulfide,activated carbon and mechanical grinding was studied.The results show that the sodium sulfide is the best reagent while the activated carbon is the worst.In the combinative reagent removal,the combination of sodium sulfide and activated carbon is the best one.When the dosage of sodium sulfide and activated carbon is 5 000 g/t and 400 g/t respectively,the lead rough concentrate with the grade of lead is 25.47% and the recovery rate of lead is 90.18%,the grade of zinc is 5.13% and the recovery rate of zinc is 9.61% was obtained.Therefore,a proper combination mode can improve the effect of reagent removal and promote the separation of iso-flotation lead and zinc bulk concentrate.
    Experimental Research on Beneficiation of Gold Ore in Luoyang
    XU Qi-Yun, FANG Li-Hong, 吕Liang , YUE Tie-Bing
    2016, 45(06):  77-80. 
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    The grade of a gold ore from Luoyang is 4.15 g/t.Gold is fine disseminated in the ore，and mainly in pyrite inclusions，it's difficult to be exposed for dissociation.This characteristic greatly affects the gold recovery.To provide basis for the development and utilization of the ore，beneficiation study was conducted.Under the grinding fineness of 66% -0.074 mm，via closed-circuit flotation process of one roughing-two cleaning-two scavenging，middling back to the flowsheet in turn，gold concentrate with gold grade of 52.25 g/t and recovery of 85.90% was obtained，and the tailings contained 0.625 g/t gold.Mineralogy analysis of intermediate product showed that there were many particles of undissociated pyrite in concentrate of scavenging 1.Thus，another closed-circuit test was carried out adding regrinding on the concentrate of scavenging 1 to 68% -0.043 mm.The grade of the gold concentrate was 57.40 g/t，with the recovery of 90.88%，and the grade of the tailings was reduced to 0.4 g/t.The flotation result was significantly improved than original flotation test.Middling regrinding is a critical technique for beneficiation index improve of the ore.
    Flotation Experiment on a Lead-Zinc Sulfide Ore from Yunnan
    SONG Jian-Wen, LIU Quan-Jun, GAO Yang, YU Li
    2016, 45(06):  81-85. 
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    There is 1.32% lead and 8.17% zinc in a lead-zinc sulfide ore from Yunnan.Lead mainly occurred in galena and zinc mainly occurred in blende.Metallic minerals is closely paragenesis and is difficult to separate lead from zinc.Laboratory experimental study was conducted to provide technique basis for the exploitation and utilization of the ore.Results show that at the grinding fineness of 0.074 mm passing 74.60%，lead concentrate with lead grade of 54.25%，recovery of 84.66% and zinc content of 2.92%，zinc concentrate with zinc grade of 48.32%，recovery of 90.19% and lead content of 0.10% was obtained by the processing of one-roughing，three-cleaning，one-scavenging using lime as regulator，sodium silicate as inhibitor for gangue，zinc sulphate + sulfite combination as inhibitors for zinc，diethyldithiocarbamate and butyl aerofloat as lead collector，pine camphor oil as foaming agent to preferential floating lead，and lead flotation tailings via the process of one-roughing，three-cleaning，one-scavenging with the copper sulfate as activator，butyl xanthate as collector，pine camphor oil as foaming agent to select zinc closed circuit flotation tests.
    Beneficiation Experiment on Fluorite Recovery of Lead-Zinc Tailing from Hunan
    JIANG Xiang-Wei, GUO Yan-Zhe, LIU Run-Qing, JIANG Wei, LIU Hang, SUN Wei
    2016, 45(06):  86-89. 
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    There is 18.58% CaF2 in a lead-zinc mined tailings from Hunan，the main impurity composition is SiO2 and CaCO3.In order to provide the basis of the fluorite recovery and utilization of tailings，beneficiation experiment was conducted on the ore.The results indicated that,CDG100 mm×100 mm cycle pulsating high intensity magnetic separator was used to remove iron，non magnetic products with Na2CO3 as regulator，Na2S and sodium silicate as inhibitor，acidification sodium silicate (ratio of sulphunic acid to sodium silicate is 2∶1) as depressor for cleaning,Z-202 as collector，by one roughing，seven cleaning，one scavenging closed circuit flotation test process，fluorite concentrate with CaF2 grade of 94.76%，recovery rate is 53.83% was obtained.Test results can provide technical guidance for comprehensive utilization of lead-zinc mined tailings containing fluorite.
    Semi-Dry Sodium-Modified Experiment on Bentonite Used for Metallurgy Pelletizing
    REN Rui-Chen, ZHANG Xiao-Song, BAI Yang, LI Cai-Xia, WANG Zhi-Heng
    2016, 45(06):  90-92. 
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    Semi-dry sodium-modified experiment was conducted using Ca-bentonite produced from Fuxin as raw material.The results show that with Na2CO3 dosage of 2.5%，water dosage of 25%，extrusion times of two，the swelling value of modified bentonite can increase from 8.3 mL/g to 55 mL/g and the gelatin value increases from 1.1 mL/g to 5.2 mL/g.With the cue ball generated time of 2 min，grown up for 15 min，tight time for 3 min，properties of pellet produced with bentonite dosage of 1.7% is better than pellet produced with original bentonite dosage of 2.0%.Pellet with bentonite dosage of 1.7%，0.5 m drop strength of green pellets is 4.1 times，explosion temperature is 510 ℃ and the compression strength of green pellet is 9.70 N/P，can meet the requirements of pellet used in metallurgy industry.Semi-dry sodium-modified bentonite can reduce the dosage of bentonite in pellets production.
    Influence of Coexistence Elements on Iron Content Detection of Iron Ore and Elimination Method
    HAI Bing
    2016, 45(06):  93-96. 
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    Using titanium chloride-potassium dichromate titrimetric method to detect total iron content in ore，when copper，vanadium，arsenic，molybdenum was exists in the ore，the determination results generated will greatly influenced.Therefore，common interference elements on the determination of iron content was carried on the quantitative systematic experimental study，the influence of the interference of coexisting elements，and proposed the corresponding elimination method.Verification test on various iron ores from different areas by the method showed that test results error is small，the method has good applicability.The results have been adopted by the national standard method.
    Study on Process Mineralogy of Tianxing Iron Mine
    LIANG Guang-Quan, JIANG Wen-Li, WU Yong-Qiang, PENG Ji-Huan, XIA Xi-Wen
    2016, 45(06):  97-100. 
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    To Improve the beneficiation efficiency of transition magnetite ore from Tianxing Iron Mine，process mineralogy analysis was conducted on the ore.Results indicated that，the ore belongs to primary ore and transition oxidized ore，main valuable element is iron，iron mainly exists in form of magnetite and hematite.The main ore structure are euhedral-hypidiomorphic and xenomorphic granular variable crystal structure，crystal structure，metasomatism type residual and metasomatic pseudomorphic structure etc.Main ore texture including banded structure，stripe like structure，small rub corrugation structure etc.Iron minerals mainly disseminated in strip，banding state.The results can provide theoretical basis for process modification of Tianxing iron ore.
    Overview on High Pressure Grinding Roll-Dry Classification-Low Intenity Magnetic Separation Integration System Technology
    WANG Jing-Yu, ZHANG Ke, HU Yan-Dong, ZHOU Wei
    2016, 45(06):  101-106. 
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    Summarized the working principle and characteristics of typical high pressure roller mill，grading equipment，powder ore dry magnetic separator. Introduces the structure and possible process of high pressure roller mill-dry classification-low intensity magnetic separation integration system. Characteristics of the technological process and suitable types of iron ore was analyzed. After using high pressure roller mill-dry classification-low intensity magnetic separation integration system in Hami Zhongtian Iron Mine，good sorting index were obtained. High pressure roller mill-dry classification-magnetic separation integration system has advantages of no dressing production water，small occupation，low power consumption，simple process flow，etc.
    Research Status and Prospects of the Molybdenum Deposits in China
    ZHANG Qiang, ZOU Hao, LONG Xun-Rong, WEI Shao-Yi, FANG Yi, LI Xin-Yu
    2016, 45(06):  107-112. 
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    Molybdenum is a rare metal mineral resources of strategic importance in the world.In order to analyze the molybdenum resources distribution characteristics and molybdenum deposit research status,the international status,ore deposit distribution characteristics,ore deposit types,ore-forming tempreature and metallogenic epoch of the molybdenum resources in China are analyzed in depth,the results show that:①the molybdenum resources and production are both ranking first in the world,but far from being a powerhouse of molybdenum resources;②the porphyry type,skarn type and vein type are the main genetic types of molybdenum deposit,the porphyry type and skarn type molybdenum deposits are belongs to middle-high temperature deposits,the vein type molybdenum deposit are analyzed to middle-low temperature deposit;③the metallogenic age of molybdenum deposit is relatively late,it focus on Yanshannian-Himalayan.Based on the above analysis results,the existed research results of ore-forming materal source and ore-forming fluid souces of molybdenum deposit are researched in depth,the following conclusions are concluded:①the ore-forming material source of molybdenum deposit in our country is complex,they are shell source,mantle source and crust-mantle mixed source;②the magmatic hydrothermal is the main source of ore-forming fluid,the atmospheric precipitation occupies a very important position;③the current research results of the ore-forming material source of molybdenum deposit in our country is inaccurate,the molybdenum isotopic characteristics will be an effective means of tracing ore-forming material source;④there are many problems are existed in the process of analyzing ore-forming fluid source by using hydrogen and oxygen isotope,so,it is necessary to adopt a varity of integrated tracing methods to analyze the ore-forming materal source of molybdenum deposit comprehensively to realize the goal of mutal complement and authentication,therefore,it is the best method to analyze the ore-forming fluids of molybdenum deposit.
    Geological Characteristics and Deep Three-dimensional Metallogenic Prediction of Chengmengshan Copper Mine
    LI Xu-Hui, TIAN Jiu-Ling
    2016, 45(06):  113-116. 
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    Combing with the geological prospecting achievements of Chengmengshan copper mine,the ore-forming geological background of Chengmengshan copper mine is analyzed in detail,the ore deposit characteristics is discussed in depth from the two aspects of the geological characteristics and geochemical characteristics of the ore-bodies.Based on the above analysis results,in order to analyze the distribution regularity of the deep ore-bodies,based on the MapGIS-TDE three-dimensional visualization system,the data of 328 drillings is obtained and the three-dimensional geological metallogenic model of Chengmengshan mining area are established.Based on the three-dimensional geological metallogenic model,the resources potential and deep metallogenic conditions are predicted effectively.The results show that the prospecting potential of the deep and margin of Chengmengshan mining area is huge,the ore-bodies are distributed with column shape on the whole and they are controlled by the rock mass occurrence space,slightly NW tendency,the ore-bodies extension in the deep is still large,the maximum thickness of the ore-bodies is 269.10 m（the ore-bodies are still exposed thoroughly),the above prospecting prediction results is consistent to the geological prospecting achievements basically,therefore,the research results in this paper has some reference for the further deep prospecting work in Chengmengshan mining area.
    Production Information Management System for Mine Group Under Group Control Mode
    HUANG Shu-Wei, XIU Guo-Lin, LI Guo-Qing, HOU Jie, HU Nai-Lian
    2016, 45(06):  117-124. 
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    There are such characteristics in mines group as dispersed members，complex management，and diverse businesses，which makes it difficult to guarantee the accuracy and effectiveness of production information management.According to the situation，a production information management system for mine group in group control mode has been proposed so that the production information can be delivered on-line and processed intelligently and intensively and collected separately.Taking delicacy production management for mine group into consideration，and based on the well-designed production data flow，both of the production index system and certain integrating dimensions are defined to meet the requirement of production management.Based on this，a production information management system in Browser/Server mode is developed after designing its overall function frame and detail functional system.The system has been put into practice in Shandong Gold Group.It is of great significance to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of information flow，and it provides the mine group and management personals with basic production information and the support for strategic decision-making.
    Optimum Design of Orifice Sealing Device for Pneumatic DTH Drilling
    WANG Si-Yi
    2016, 45(06):  125-129. 
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    Pneumatic DTH drilling has the advantage of high efficiency,it is a major consideration for the construction of ground emergency rescue drill,CBM wells and water wells.The disadvantage is that in the process of drilling,out of the orifice will appear a lot of dust.The function of orifice sealing device is to realize the orifice sealing and purification,and direct the dust away from the orifice oriented sediment pool.The design of orifice sealing device was introduced,and the design was optimized by CFD analysis.At last,field test was carried out to prove that the orifice sealing device completely meets the need of pneumatic DTH hammer drilling.
    Mine Video Images Enhancement Method Based on the Histogram Matching Method of the Sub-bands of Wavelet Transform
    FAN Ling-Yun, LIANG Xiu-Rong
    2016, 45(06):  130-133. 
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    The existing factors of inadequate underground light source，mechanical vibration and a large number of coal dusts make the real-time images obtained by the mine video monitoring system are fuzzy and mixed with a large number of granular noise.It is difficult to conduct analysis and interpretation of the mine video images.In order to improve the quality of the mine video images,the histogram matching algorithm in spatial domain is introduced into wavelet transform domain,a image enhancement method based on the histogram matching method in wavelet transform domain is proposed.Firstly,the mine image and the mine video image processed by histogram matching method are conducted wavelet transform respectively,based on the gray histogram of the wavelet low-frequency sub-band processed by the histogram matching method,the wavelet low-frequency sub-band of the mine video image is matched with it,the enhanced wavelet low-frequency sub-band is acquired;then,based on analyzing the basic principle of the average filtering method,according to the deficiencies of the average filtering method,the weighted improved improved average filtering method based on adaptive division of filtering windows is put forward,and it is applied to filtered the granular noise distributed in the wavelet high-frequency sub-bands of the mine underground video image;finally,the wavelet low-frequency sub-band processed histogram matching method and the wavelet high-frequency sub-bands filtered by the improved average filtering method proposed in this paper are conducted inverse wavelet transform,the mine video image with perfect visual effects is obtained.Programs of the histogram equalization,homomorphic filtering,average filtering and the method proposed in this paper are obtained by C++ language respectively.The experimental data is the underground video image obtained in a mine of Yangquan city,Shanxi province,the edge protection index (EPI) is used to evaluate the effects of the above methods,the results show that,the performance of the method proposed in this paper is superior to the other methods.
    Regression Analysis of Empirical Formula of Reciprocating Diaphragm Pumping Power
    ZHONG Chang-Yun, WANG Hong-Jiang, LING Xue-Qin
    2016, 45(06):  134-138. 
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    In the high concentration tailings pulp pipeline transportation with long distance，large flow，reciprocating diaphragm pump is the key equipment，and its pumping power calculation is particularly important.At present，there are many factors affecting the calculation of pumping power，and the calculation method is complex，which leads to the difficulty of the section of pump scheme.Diaphragm pump power calculate method is simplified，and convenience in support of equipment preselection is provided.Based on huge amounts of the SGMB and DGMB power data collected from industrial transportation of tailings paste pulp，chemistry pulp，coal water mixture pulp and aluminum oxide pulp，using relevant mathematical software to process fitting analysis between diaphragm pump power rating，flow rating and pressure of different type and transportation object to figure out its obscure correlation，a concise power formula is obtained.Research results indicates，the product of rating flow and pressure is in a certain range，diaphragm pump application type and transportation object does almost no influence on the power formula，thus，the similar diaphragm pump power equation can be uniformed.  
    Influence of Underground Mining on Final Slope Stability of Open Pit at Tiegukeng Mining Area
    LIU Yan-Zhang, ZHANG Kui, YANG Xin-Hua, WU 恩Qiao, LIU Yong-Tao, PAN Shi-Hua
    2016, 45(06):  139-143. 
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    Tiegukeng mining area of Wuyang Iron Mine is transiting from open pit to underground mining.The underground mining in different stages will have a different influence on the final slope stability of open pit.It will threaten the production safety of underground mining if the unstable working condition of the final slope can not be judged.Two-dimensional finite element numerical model is built by selecting the typical exploratory line profiles.Six working stages was finished with the order of the open pit，-160 m stage，-220 m stage，-280 m stage，-340 m stage and -400 m stage.The safety factors of the hanging wall and the footwall of the final slope are calculated with the local strength reduction method of finite element to analyze the impact of underground mining on stability of the final slope.The results show that：the local strength reduction method with finite element can be used to calculate the safety factors of the hanging wall and the footwall through the numerical simulation.With the underground mining depth increase，both safety factors above decreases gradually.The slope will be kept in ultimately stable condition at the -220 m stage and the hanging wall collapses at the -280 m stage or below.Underground mining has a little impact on the safety factor of the final slope footwall，so the footwall is always kept in stable.
    Study on the Ventilation and Cooling Technology for Deep Mining of Extremely Thick and Large Ore Deposits
    LIU Zhao-Sheng, ZHU Kun-Lei, ZHOU Yu, WANG Peng, LIN Chao, LIU Jing-Xian
    2016, 45(06):  144-148. 
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    For the selection of ventilation and cooling scheme in deep well，the surface climate has a decisive role.Based on three-dimensional ventilation simulation software Ventsim，and aimed at the main factors of the air temperature，the cooling wind speed，the artificial cooling capacity and so on，the simulation of ventilation and temperature reduction is carried out for Dataigou Iron Mine.Finally，the optimum scheme of ventilation and cooling in the year is obtained，which provides a scientific basis for the selection of the cooling process and the cooling scheme of mine ventilation.In the process of deep well mining，artificial refrigeration has a pivotal influence on the safety production and economic benefit of the mine.
    Prediction of Oxidation and Self-heating Temperature of Sulfide Ore Heap Based on GRNN Model
    RAO Yun-Zhang, YUAN Bo-Yun, WU Wei-Qiang, SUN Xiang, CHEN Bin
    2016, 45(06):  149-152. 
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    Simulation test apparatus of oxidation and self-heating of sulfide ore heap has been designed independently to obtain the change law of the oxidation and self-heating temperature of sulfide ore heap.In the tests，the sulfur content，ore fragmentation，temperature gradient are taken into account as main influence factors，and the oxidation and self-heating temperature rise rate of sulfide ore heap as a test indicator，L9(34) orthogonal table was used to establish the orthogonal regression test of three factors and three levels.GRNN neural network model was established to predict oxidation and self-heating temperature of sulfide ore heap by using MATLAB.K-fold cross validation is applied to GRNN neural network to obtain optimum smoothing factor σe.The RBF neural network model，gray neural network model to predict effects were compared with that of GRNN model predictions.The results show that GRNN neural network has the advantages of network approximation ability，converged speed，and the stability of the algorithm in prediction model of few observations.Prediction accuracy of GRNN model of the oxidation and self-heating temperature of sulfide ore heap is high with the prediction error of 3.51%.
    Research on the Key Regions and Time Quantum of the Dust Controlling in the Process of Non-coal Underground Mining  
    XU Xiu-Ping, WAN Li-Li
    2016, 45(06):  153-156. 
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    The miners contact different dust exposure regions and operation time in different non-coal underground mine，so，the key dust controlling regions are different.Based on the investigation on the mining process and mining activities specific situation of the 12 typical non-coal underground mines，the dust sampling location in non-coal underground mine is determined，and the results and regularity of dust tests are analyzed.Finally，the key regions and time quantum of dust controlling for non-coal underground mine are determined.
    Analysis on Deep Thermal Environment and Temperature Measurement of Surrounding Rock in Xincheng Gold Mine
    LIU Kai, ZHU Zhao-Wen, ZHU Wan-Cheng, LIU Hong-Lei, HOU Chen
    2016, 45(06):  157-161. 
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    With the increase of mining depth，Xincheng Gold Mine has entered the stage of deep mining，and is gradually facing with the problem of high temperature stress.In this regard，an analysis of deep underground thermal environment was conducted，the main heat sources and the formation mechanism in the mining area were analyzed，environmental factors such as air temperature，humidity and wind speed of different mining depths of roadways were measured by means of Engineering Thermodynamics.The temperature of surrounding rock in different depths was determined by Deep Hole Measurement Method and the variation regularity of geothermal gradient was studied.Test results show that the air temperature and water temperature of the roadways increase with the increasing of mining depth，the relative humidity of main mining levels are above 80% RH，the temperature of underground constant temperature zone in the mine area is 23 ℃，the normal geothermal gradient is 0.018 ℃/m，and the radius of heat adjustment circle is 17~18 m，all these will provide basic data for the effective control of thermal environment conditions in underground workplaces and the prevention and treatment of thermal hazard.
    Simulation and Prediction of Groundwater Inflow Rate in Open Pit Mine with Visual Modflow
    ZHANG Han, XIE Ting-Ting, LI Dan-Yang, WANG Yu
    2016, 45(06):  162-166. 
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    The process of open cut mining has an impact on the groundwater flow system，while few study reports the quantitative impact at present.In this study，a groundwater flow model in the Visual Modflow is built based on the hydrogeological conditions of an open-cut iron mining site in Sichuan.Then，the calibrated flow model was used to predict the distribution of groundwater flow，groundwater inflow rate and cone of groundwater drawdown at different mining elevations.The results showed that the groundwater flowed to the open pit locally.With the progress of mining lasting，the area of the groundwater drawdown increased from 0.54 km2 to 1.55 km2 and the groundwater inflow rate was 3 220~4 565 m3/d.The variation of groundwater inflow rate with seasons is revealed.The quantitative analysis by model predictions could provide a scientific support on the design of mining drainage and water control.
    Analysis of Characteristics of Seepage Field in Sanshandao Island  Gold Mine under the Action of Water Chemical Damage
    HE Shun-Bin, WANG Hong-Wei, GUO Yao, LI Wei
    2016, 45(06):  167-172. 
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    There are large range of water seepage and inflow in surrounding rock mass of tunnels during deep mining of Sanshandao gold mine.As the undersea mining，it is necessary to find the rule and feature of water seepage and inflow for ensuring the safe mining.Through analyzing monitoring results of water inflow in multi-level areas，the dynamic law of water inflow in the mine is revealed.Meanwhile，the chemical component of mine water from 15 representative water samples in the range of -510 m to -725 m is analyzed.It is found out that the underground water is mainly Cl-Na water.In mineralization property，it belongs to high-salinity saline water.And the chemical damage of rock mass lead by high-salinity water will affect the stability of deep stoping.Numerical simulation by the software FLAC3D is conducted on deep mining of Sanshandao gold mine to analyze the distribution characteristics of water seepage field.The result shows that the variation of pore water pressure mainly occur in excavation areas.In addition，the variations of water seepage field have already expanded into F3 fault area in which the variation gradient of pore water pressure and seepage pressure are great，which forms high seepage pressure.Therefore，water plugging and intensive reinforcement are needed in the mining process.
    Typical Site Type Classification and Dominant Factor Analysis of Open-pit Rron Mine
    YIN Hai-Kui, XU Hao, LI Da-Wei, XIA Shu-Pei, ZHOU Ya-Peng, ZHAO Wen-Ting
    2016, 45(06):  173-179. 
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    In order to explore the site conditions of mining wasteland，to accelerate the restoration and reconstruction of ecological environment，9 site factors，such as altitude and plant biomass was selected from three aspects of micro topography，soil and vegetation to analyze the factors of affecting the site types of mine，and find out the dominant factors by using correlation analysis and principal component analysis.A comparative analysis of the dominant influence factors of typical site types is made to find out the differences between different site types.There was a positive and negative correlation between the site factors，and the dominant factors of affecting the site type of the open pit iron mine were capacity of saturated water holding，composition of grain size and plant biomass.Through the investigation and factor analysis about open-pit mines abandoned field and according to the classification system，mines was divided into 11 types according to the three site classification system.Based on the analysis of principal component results and the recovery of mining wasteland，the soil rock mixture slope type slope，tailings sand slope，dry waste rock type was classified as a typical site type.Mines wasteland in water retention and water holding capacity have a great difference from common soil.The saturated water holding capacity of the earth-rock slope is 11.74%；The saturated water holding capacity of dry rock slope is 5.89%；The saturated water holding capacity of the tailings slope of is 13.87%；As a control，the saturated water holding capacity of the medium loam was 31.26%.In the typical abandoned site types of mines，the content of gravel (>2 mm) on earth rock mixed slope and dry waste rock slope are more than 60%，and its particle is generally larger；This is the key point of impacting vegetation restoration；Tailings sand slope (0.25~0.075 mm) component is dominant，lacking for powder and clay composition；As a control，the content of sand mountain surface soil that is not damaged (1~0.05 mm) is 36%，and powder (0.05~0.01 mm) content is 48%.
    Prediction of the Horizontal Displacement Factor Based on Random Forest Regression Model
    SONG Kang-Ming, TAN Zhi-Xiang, DENG Ka-Zhong, WEI Fei, WANG Zhi-Fu
    2016, 45(06):  180-184. 
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    As one of the important parameters of mining subsidence prediction，the horizontal displacement factor b plays a decisive role in determining the scope of the surface effect of mining subsidence.In order to calculate the b value effectively and accurately,and thus improve the accuracy of mining subsidence prediction with high efficiency.Firstly,the main characteristics of R language and the basic principle of random forest（RF) algorithm and its implementation process are analyzed in depth;then,the geological and mining factors that affecting the change of b value are discussed,the five basic variables such as mining thickness,dip angle of coal seams,mining depth,slanting length of working face,overlying rock evaluation coefficient are determined;finally,the RF regression model is established based on R language,and it is used to prediction the b value.The traning samples and test samples of the RF regression model is the measured data obtained from the typical surface movement observatorys located in the main mining area in our country,the experimental results show that maximum relative error of the measured data and the prediction results of the RF regression model based on R language is only 4.559%;the prediction accuracy and stability of the RF regression model are superior to the BP neural network and support vector machine（SVM),besides that,the generalization ability of RF regression model is strong,it can meet the actual engineering requirements and provide a effective method for predicting the b value.
    Mining Subsidence Prediction Parameters Inversion of the Probability Integral Method Based on Fruit Flies Algorithm
    CHEN Tao, GUO Guang-Li, ZHU Xiao-Jun, GUO Qing-Biao, FANG Qi
    2016, 45(06):  185-188. 
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    In order to solve the problems of complexity，large amount of calculating the mining subsidence prediction paramters inversion of the probability integral method,the fruit flies algorithm with the characteristics of simple,low computational complexity and high precision is introduced to the mining subsidence prediction parameters inversion of the probability integral method.The basic principle of the mining subsidence prediction parameters inversion of the probability integral method based on fruit flies algorithm is studied in depth.The fitness function model of minimum mean square of the subsidence fitting values and measured values is established.Based on the mining subsidence measured data of a coal mine in Anhui province,the mining subsidence prediction parameters inversion of the probability integral method are conducted by using the fruit flies algorithm,genetic algorithm and particle swarm algorithm respectively,the mean square error of the subsidence fitting values and measured values is taken as the evaluation criteria of the above three algorithms,the comparison results show that the mean square error of the subsidence fitting values and measured values is 33.7 mm,the relative mean error is 1.4%,which are lower than that of the genetic algorithm and particle swarm algorithm,therefore,it is further indicated that the fruit flies algorithm is suitable to conduct mining subsidence prediction parameters inversion of the probability integral method,it has some reference for improving the mining subsidence prediction precision of the probability integral method.
    Degradation Characteristics of Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate in Solution
    ZHAO Liang, LIU Wen-Gang, WEI De-Zhou, YANG Pei-Yue, ZHANG Rui-Yang, CUI Bao-Yu
    2016, 45(06):  189-193. 
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    Residual flotation reagents in beneficiation wastewater will have important impact on environment and human life.And thus，how to degrade flotation reagents effectively has drawn extensive attraction of researchers.The degradation characteristics of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in solution were investigated in this paper.The results indicated that，increase of temperature and reaction time were beneficial to sodium diethyldithiocarbamate degradation，and the degradation rate of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in acidic was much higher than that in neutral and alkaline conditions.The addition of oxidant could effectively improve the degradation rate of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate.When the solution pH was 5.98，reaction temperature was 25 ℃ and reaction time was 5.5 h，the degradation rate of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate will reach to 88.40%.Degradation of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate will be enhanced with the addition of H2O2.With the increase of H2O2 dosage，degradation of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate increased sharply at first and then kept stable.When the dosage of H2O2 is 8.00×102 mg/L and reaction time was 5 min，the maximum degradation rate of diethyldithiocarbamate was obtained，which was 99.69%.The results could provide useful reference for the processing of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate contamination wastewater.
    Effects on Concrete Strength and Dry Shrinkage under Magnesium Oxide and Polypropylene Fibers
    YANG Dong-Peng
    2016, 45(06):  193-196. 
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    In order to study the effect of adding magnesium oxide and polypropylene fibers on concrete strength and dry shrinkage，compressive strength and dry-shrinkage tests have been made with different amount of magnesium oxide and polypropylene fibers in concrete.The results show that the right amount of magnesium oxide or polypropylene fibers can increase the compressive strength of concrete.The shrinkage of concrete is compensated by adding magnesium oxide，but the high content of magnesium oxide can cause the increasing expansions of concrete.Adding the right amount of magnesium oxide and polypropylene fibers can increase the compressive strength，reduce early contraction of concrete.And polypropylene fibers can inhibit the constantly changes of concrete volume.Results can provide reference for proventing shrinkage and cracking of concrete tunnel lining in mining and water projects.