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    15 August 2016, Volume 45 Issue 08
    A Review on the Detection Method of Rock Joint and Fissure in Mine
    WANG Shan-Shan, WANG Wei-Xing, HUANG Ling-Xiao, CAO Ting, WANG Feng-Ping
    2016, 45(08):  1-5. 
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    Accurate detection of rock joint and fissure is the key to judge the stability of mine.The general detection steps are to extract the effective fracture information from the original image.The feature knowledge is obtained by identifying regions of interest,so as to complete the understanding of the image.The features of the mine rock fracture were summarized and analyzed firstly.Then the methods of rock fracture detection have been classified for recent 30 years,and the theoretical basis,advantages and disadvantages,research achievements based on the methods of pattern recognition,mathematical morphology and fractal theory were systematically introduced.These several methods were analyzed and compared.Finally,the present situation and development trend of rock joint and fissure detection was summarized.
    Analysis on the Fracture Evolution of the Triaxial Compression Curtain Body Based on Acoustic Emission Location
    WANG Zhi-Guo, LI Yue-Long, WANG Mei, LI Zhu-Ying
    2016, 45(08):  6-11. 
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    The acoustic emission (AE) testing of curtain body samples,which are made of gravels taken from the east slope of Yanshan iron ore,was carried out under different confining pressure with TAW-3000 electro-hydraulic triaxial rock mechanics testing machine and PCI-Ⅱ acoustic emission monitoring system.The law of spatial evolution of fractures in curtain body sample is analyzed according to the AE location and AE event energy in different stress stage,and the change rule of fractal dimension was studied.The experimental results indicates that the greater the confining pressure,the greater the compressive strength and the longer the time for reaching the peak load,the longer the curve segment and the smaller the curvature of corresponding time-stress curve,the more obvious the plastic characteristic of curtain body sample,and the more the number of AE location points is.The basic characteristics of the fractal dimension change keep the model of ascending,descending and ascending.The sharp increase of AE events energy and AE location points,and the second increase of fractal dimension can be the prediction of rupture.Under the same stress state,the interface between gravel and mortar in the curtain body sample will rupture firstly,secondly the cracking of interface of sand and cement.Finally,the crack extends into the hardening cement slurry.
    Upward Drift Paste Backfill Mining Technique in the Gently Inclined and Broken Ore Deposit
    XU Heng, WANG Yi-Ming, WU Ai-Xiang, LI Fang-Fang, GAO Wei-Hong
    2016, 45(08):  12-18. 
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    The western ore-body of Chambishi Copper Mine has characteristics of broken ore and rock,bad stability,complicated hydrogeology,and poor mining conditions.The upward horizontal cut and fill method was primarily chosen.Combining with actual situation,the method was optimized twice to finally determine the approach of paste filling mining method for adoption.Combined with preliminary works such as mining ore and rock physical and mechanical properties test,engineering geological survey and stability evaluation,the layout and structure parameters were optimized twice,and then the classification and regionalization of surrounding rock,and the supporting work were carried out.The production results showed that the upward drift backfill mining method make the ore recovery rate increased from 50% to 80%,and the dilution rate reduced from 15% to 6% or below.With mining production capacity of 3000t/d,it can save or create economic value of $4.5 million for mine,and effectively solve the difficulty in gently inclined broken ore-body of the copper mine.
    Mixture Optimization of Cemented Backfill with Unclassified Tailings-Artificial Sand Structure Fluid
    ZHANG You-Zhi, XUE Zhen-Lin, LIU Zhi-Yi, SUN Guang-Hua, GAN De-Qing
    2016, 45(08):  19-23. 
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    In view of such problems as the ore and surrounding rock existing in faults and fissures,easy collapse and sliming in a gold mine of Guizhou,the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests and pumping loop-pipe-tests were designed to analyze the strength and fluidity of unclassified tailings-artificial sand cemented backfill slurry.The test results of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) shows that slurry concentration being 75%~76%,cement dosage being 20% and mass ratio of artificial sand to tailing being 2.9 is the optimal in the bottom of filling,while slurry concentration being 75%~76%,cement dosage 12% and mass ratio of artificial sand to tailing 2.9 is the optimal in the other part.The maximum stowing gradient in this gold mine is 5.7 in 370 m level.Through the pumping loop-pipe-tests,self-flowing transportation for the filling slurry can be achieved at two kinds of optimal ratios.
    A Method of Three-dimensional Mining-exploiting Combination during Transition from Open-pit to Underground Mining in Hainan Iron Mine
    LI Hai-Ying, REN Feng-Yu, ZHOU Sheng-Li, WANG Chun-Xian
    2016, 45(08):  24-27. 
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    Hainan iron ore is a high grade hematite mine with a complicated morphology and reappearance of lapout.During transition process from open pit to underground mining,its hanging-wall ore is exploited by adopting the induction caving with large structural parameter.In order to accelerate the proceeding of mining and control the ore loss and dilution effectively,ore body's distribution and its boundaries should be detected clearly and rapidly.Herein,three-dimensional mining-exploiting combination method is investigated to detect and delineate orebody secondly by utilizing information of the ore rock exposed from mining-exploiting combined engineering of three sublevel,open pit slope and sublevel drilling project.Accordingly,the layout form and rational position of the development project is optimized.Production practice shows that the three-dimensional mining-exploiting method improves the efficiency and accuracy in delineating the ore-body,and ensures the high efficient mining of the hanging wall ore,with better technical and economic effect achieved.
    Analysis of Water Conducted Fault and Deformation Law of Overburden Rock Caused by Mining Disturbance
    SONG Chao-Yang, JI Hong-Guang, SUN Li-Hui
    2016, 45(08):  28-33. 
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    Fault activation induced by mining disturbance is the key factors for water inflow increase.Through the tests of complete stress-strain-seepage,the geological model and the numerical calculation models are established.The effect of mining disturbance on fault activation and the effect quantization are analyzed.The research results showed that the permeability of post-peak rocks is about 2 times of that of the pre-peak rock.The through permeability of post-peak rock crack has changed in nature.Geological model of open pit shows that faults at overburden rocks are the main water channel and significantly influenced by underground mining.The displacement value at the right side of the slope is four times of that at the left side,so it is easy to occur water inflow increase and landslide risk caused by the displacement of rock at faults.According to the displacement gradient change,the mining-disturbed area can be divided into five regions:rock falling zone,transition zone,deform-moving zone,micro-deforming zone and undisturbed zone.The research result is helpful to optimize the arrangement of ground grouting curtain.
    Analysis of Seepage-stress Coupling of Slope Based of FLAC Numerical Simulation
    YU Zhen, CHANG Lai-Shan, PAN Li, MI Chang-Ning
    2016, 45(08):  34-37. 
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    According to the basic principles of the seepage field,the stress-fluid coupling analysis,the governing equation and the mathematical model,based on general finite difference method FLAC software analysis platform,the stability with the consideration of seepage effect of 1st and 2nd stage slope of Xudonggou Mine of Anqian Mining Company of slope stability analysis is studied.The results indicate that the quartz chlorite schist along the dip layers is controlling factors of influence of the slope stability.Because of the poor stability of the quartz chlorite schist,there is still instability problem in the design of 2nd stage slope.The migmatite at the beginning of production has well stability,but when the quartz chlorite schist outcropped,slope instability problem still arise.Therefore,it is recommended that local adjustment of 2nd stage slope in order to ensure the safety production of mine.
    Discussion on Difference of Constitutive Model by Numerical Simulation under Deep High Stress
    WANG Xiang-Gui, GUO Wei-1
    2016, 45(08):  38-42. 
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    Wall rock mechanical response under deep high stress differs from that under shallow mining.In order to study the numerical simulation research method for the mechanical characteristics of wall rock under deep high stress environment,taking the deep mining project of a cooper mine with stable wall rocks as a case,FLAC3D is adopted to build the calculating model respectively by Moore-coulomb model and the strain softening model to analyze the stress,displacement and plastic zone of roof wall rock after deep mining.The results show that under the condition of a wide range of excavation in deep high stress stope,some individual stress index in Moore-coulomb model is less than that in the strain softening model,but the wall rock deformation and the plastic zone indexes in the strain softening model is even larger.The overall results from the Moore-coulomb model approach to be safe.So,the strain softening model can better reflect the strain softening characteristics of wall rock under the high stress environment in the nonlinear phase,and the calculation results are more close to the practice.The results also show that for deep stope mining simulation under high stress,it is difficult to obtain objective conclusion depending on only a single stress or displacement index.A variety of calculation models and a variety of analysis indicators are necessary to make comprehensive analysis and contrast in order to improve the objectivity of the calculation results.
    Experimental Studies on Rock Properties and Residual Strength of Deep Limestone
    TANG Hai-Yan
    2016, 45(08):  43-47. 
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    Quasi-static uniaxial and triaxial compressive tests for the limestone from Fankou Zinc-lead Mine are carried out through MTS Testing System,and the stress-strain curves of limestone samples before and after the peak value under different confining pressures are obtained.According to the testing results,the loading-displacement behaviors of rock samples,and the characteristics between elastic moduli,peak-strength and confining pressures before peak value of the rocks are analyzed.The quantitative relationships between peak strength and peak strain,confining pressure and stress are proposed respectively.Then the further studies on strain-softening and residual strength of rock samples after peak strength are carried out,and the quantitative relationships between residual strength,initiating residual strain and confining pressures are established.An important strain-softening property of "elastic-fragile drop" is obtained for most of the rock samples under the quasi-loading conditions.It offers the basis for theoretical study on constitutive model of deep rock of the mine in engineering application.
    Width of Fractured Zone of Strip Pillars Based on the Strain Energy Balance Theory and Its Influencing Factors
    LUO Bin-Yu, YE Yi-Cheng, HU 南Yan, YAO Nan, YUE Zhe, LI Jiang-Hua
    2016, 45(08):  48-53. 
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    The width of fractured zone of pillar is one of the major basis about design of stope stability in strip method mining.The strain energy balance theory is introduced,regarding as the strain energy among the strip ore layer composing of volumetric strain energy,shape strain energy and bending elastic energy.According to the elastic energy balance relationship before and after mining,the model for calculating the width of fractured zone of pillars is derived.The model is applied to calculate the width of fractured zone of two pillars in Shanghengshan ore-body,and the calculated results are compared with that of the similar simulation.The widths of fractured zone are calculated as 10.06 m and 12.42 m,respectively,which fit well with that of the similar simulation test.The influences of several possible factors to the width of fractured zone in the model are analyzed.The width of fractured zone of pillars has a positive correlation with the mine seam thickness,buried depth of ore-body and the volume-weight of overlying strata,and has an inverse correlation with the compression strength and Poisson's ratio of ore-body.Once the width of fractured zone increased,the width of strip mining increased firstly and then lowered.The research results can provide a certain theoretical guidance to the stability design of level and gently inclined strip pillar.
    Thickness Optimization and Engineering Application of Artificial False Bottom in Offshore Ore Mining
    LIU Zhi-Yi, GAN Ze, GAN De-Qing, XUE Zhen-Lin, REN He-Xu
    2016, 45(08):  54-57. 
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    In order to ensure the mining stability and resources recovery of the offshore ore,the artificial false bottom was designed and applied to the -165 m middle-segment in Sonshandao Gold Mine.Mechanical model was founded to analyze the instability mechanism of the artificial false bottom based on the elasticity theory,and numerical simulation was applied to analyze the stability of the artificial false bottom with different thicknesses.The stress and displacement characteristics under the artificial false bottom with different thicknesses are analyzed to obtain its stability.Results showed that the range of tensile stress on artificial false bottom with thickness of 0.4 m and 0.5 m,exceeding that tensile strength,accounts for 80% and 26.7% of mining approach width respectively.The maximum tensile stress was distributed on the middle of the artificial false bottom,and the vertical displacement of the false bottom was uneven settlement,which increased with the reduction in thickness of the artificial false bottom.The overall stability of the artificial false bottom with the thickness of 0.6 m,whose tensile stress was less than the tensile strength and whose settlement of the false bottom was uniform,was better apart from the higher costs.So the thickness of the artificial false bottom was suggested to be 0.5 m.The results of the analysis applied to practical engineering showed that the thickness parameter was safe,economical and reasonable.
    Research on the Local Steep Slope Mining Methods Based on Steep End-slope Mining Theory
    HUANG Fu, LI Ke-Min, MA Li, DING Xiao-Hua, XIAO Shuang-Shuang
    2016, 45(08):  58-62. 
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    Based on two mining methods of the boundary extension method at lower part and the boundary contraction method at upper part with steep end-slope mining,and combined the law of superposition and the end-slope timeliness of open pit slope,the two local steep slope mining methods are put forward,that is,the steep slope extension at lower part and the slope contraction at upper part.Meanwhile,the stripping ratios of two methods were deduced.The controlling variates method was used to study the impact of the thickness of coal seam,the rock thickness and the height of the steep slope on the stripping ratio.The conclusion is that the steep slope extension at lower part and the slope contraction at upper part are sensitive to the change of the thickness of coal seam and the cover thickness.With the western slope in south area of Huolinhe open-pit mine as a case,the steep slope contraction method was the optimal scheme for Huolinhe open-pit mine with 56 million RMB investments saved.
    Experimental Study on Seepage-creep Coupling of Coal Rock
    HE Feng, LI Bin, WANG Zhen-Wei, YU Yang, TANG Zhi
    2016, 45(08):  63-68. 
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    The creep of rock under the action of seepage has brought many adverse effects on the long-term stability of engineering.A kind of rock seepage-creep coupling test device is developed,which can realize confining pressure loading,axial loading and void hydraulic loading.It is used to conduct rock seepage-creep coupling test to discuss the creep properties of rock under the action of seepage.The results showed that: Under the condition of constant hydraulic pressure and confining pressure,the influences of axial compression on elastic deformation of specimen decrease with axial compression increasing.The axial instantaneous deformation increases with axial compression increasing.The seepage discharge decreases with the increase of axial compression.Under the condition of constant axial compression and confining pressure,the seepage discharge and creep deformation increase with the hydraulic pressure increasing.The seepage discharge has a certain effect on the creep of specimen,and the creep can also affect the seepage discharge.
    Stability Analysis of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Mass at Lanjiagou Molybdenum Mine
    YANG Yu, SUN Yi-Dan, ZHANG Pei-Lan
    2016, 45(08):  69-74. 
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    Focused on the deformation and failure of surrounding rock caused by excavating tunnel in the metal mine,and taking the tunnel of Lanjiagou molybdenum mine as a case,MIDAS 3D model is established to simulate the typical sections of deep tunnel in Lanjiagou molybdenum mine,and analyze the variation of stress and strain of surrounding rock in initial support as well as the variation of internal force of supporting structure.The validity of supporting structure can be proved by site test,and the failure mechanism and supporting structures of surrounding rocks were deeply investigated.
    Optimization of Beneficiation Technology on Iron Mine from Qidashan
    CUI Bao-Yu, WEI De-Zhou, LI Tian-Shu, LIU Kai-Kai, DING Shi-Rui
    2016, 45(08):  75-80. 
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    Iron grade of Qidashan iron ore is 31.56%,the content of FeO is around 6.59%,the main iron minerals are hematite and magnetite,the recovery of fine iron particles is not satisfactory via the original stage grinding-classification-gravity concentration-magnetic separation-anionic reverse flotation technology.In order to reduce production costs and improve economic benefits of Qidashan iron ore,new beneficiation process research was conducted.The results showed that with the first stage grinding fineness of 65% passing 0.074 mm,and second grinding fineness of 90% passing 0.074 mm,the concentrate with 66.80% iron and recovery of 82.90% was obtained via the process of stage grinding-classification-stage gravity concentration-magnetic separation-anionic reverse flotation process,comprehensive concentrate with iron grade of 66.80% and recovery of 82.90% was obtained,gravity concentrate and low intensity magnetic concentrate account for 70.21% and 7.57% of total concentrate.Tailings of first stage spiral chute via magnetic separation-reverse flotation,can effectively avoid fine iron ore loss.Decrease of grit size for classification increase the capacity of gravity separation,adding low intensity magnetic clean separation process to produce final concentrate,has important significance of decrease reagent dosage even the total beneficiation cost.The results has guidance meaningful for realization of high efficient separation of Anshan-type iron ore.
    Experiment of HPGR Crushing-wet Mid Intensity Magnetic Preconcentration-stage Grinding and Separation on a Magnetite Ore from Makeng
    PEI Xiao-Dong, QIAN You-Jun, GAO Li
    2016, 45(08):  81-84. 
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    To explore the feasibility of effective comminution process to deal with Makeng iron ore,Fujian,experiments of HPGR crushing-wet mid intensity magnetic preconcentration-stage grinding-magnetic technological of magnetite ore from Makeng,FuJian were conducted.The results show that HPGR product has more fine particles,compared with conventional comminution process,can satisfy the particle demand of wet mid intensity magnetic preconcentration.With the same grinding conditions,compared with conventional jaw crushed products,HPGR products has more new produced -0.074 mm fraction,relative grindability is higher.Iron concentrate with iron grade of 66.75%,iron recovery of 80.21%,magnetic iron grade of 65.95% and recovery of 96.25% was obtained via wet mid intensity magnetic preconcentration-two stage grinding low intensity magnetic separation process on HPGR products(-5 mm).Compared with the original process,the grade of iron concentrate increased by 2.66 percentage points compared with on-site process,iron recovery increased by 0.30 percentage points,and can throw out 38.88% qualified tailings.More crushing less grinding aim was realized,offers technique basis for transformation on saving energy and quality and efficiency for Makeng iron mine.
    Mineral Processing Experiment on a Cu-Pb-Zn Multi-metal Ore in Inner Mongolia
    ZHOU Yan-Fei
    2016, 45(08):  85-88. 
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    Main valuable element of a Cu-Pb-Zn multi-metal ore in Inner Mongolia is copper,lead,zinc and silver,the main valuable metallic mineral is galena,sphalerite,pyrite and chalcopyrite etc,are symbiosis intimately.In order to ascertain mineral processing flow of the ore,the principle process of mineral processing experiment are adopted by process of copper-lead bulk flotation then copper float lead suppression,zinc-sulfide bulk flotation then zinc float sulfide suppression.The results show that:with grinding fineness of -200 mesh passing 70%,via one roughing-three cleaning-two scavenging copper-lead bulk flotation,one roughing-two cleaning-one scavenging copper and lead separation,one roughing-one cleaning-three scavenging zinc-sulfide bulk flotation,one roughing-three cleaning-two scavenging zinc and sulfide separation process,copper concentrate with 13.52% Cu and 3 398.44 g/t Ag,Cu and Ag recovery of 68.95% and 29.25%,lead concentrate with 68.36% Pb,3 053.78 g/t Ag,Pb and Ag recovery of 84.28% and 46.39%,zinc concentrate with 46.73% Zn and 241.13 g/t Ag,Zn and Ag recovery of 81.85% and 11.90%,and sulfide concentrate with 16.09% S and recovery of 18.89% was obtained.
    Collecting Capability and Mechanism of New Type Modified Anion Collector DHT-4 on Wolframite
    ZHU Yi-Min, DAI Lei-Meng, SUN Hai-Tao, LIU Jie, LI Yan-Jun, HAN Yue-Xin
    2016, 45(08):  89-83. 
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    The conventional flotation collector of wolframite has poor selectivity,high consumption,high cost,poor index etc.to solve these problem,a new type anion modified collector DHT-4 was developed by Northeastern University.The single mineral flotation tests show that at the condition of room temperature,pH value 5.5,dosage of DHT-4 is 70 mg/L,the recovery rate of wolframite is up to 89.1%.Agents and mineral model are built by application of Material-Studio molecular simulation software,and the mechanism of DHT-4 on wolframite were explored by molecular simulation.Results show that there is no electrostatic adsorption between DHT-4 molecules and wolframite surface active site atoms,but there is a strong chemical bonding and hydrogen bonding interactions,and the results are verified through Zeta potential analysis results.
    Beneficiation Experiment on a High Arsenic Antimony Ore from Guizhou
    YU Hong-Lin, CHEN Wen-Xiang, ZHANG Zhou-Wei
    2016, 45(08):  94-97. 
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    There is 0.61% Sb and 1.02% As in a high arsenic antimony ore from Guizhou.Antimony mainly occurs as stibnite,while arsenic occurs as arsenopyrite.To provide technique basis for the development of the ore,beneficiation experiment was conducted on the ore.Antimony depression and arsenic flotation process,arsenic and antimony bulk flotation and then separation process,antimony flotation and arsenic depression process comparison experiment results indicated that,antimony flotation and arsenic depression process index is relative well.At the grinding fineness of 0.074 mm passing 92.78%,by antimony preference flotation and arsenic depression process,using sodium silicate as depressor,lead nitrate as activator,diethyl dithiocarbamate and ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate as collector,2# oil as frother,via one roughing and one cleaning antimony preference flotation,antimony concentrate with antimony grade of 57.49% and recovery of 79.52% was obtained,the content of arsenic decreased to 0.54%,antimony tailings via one roughing-two cleaning-two scavenging arsenic flotation,arsenic concentrate with arsenic grade of 10.17% and recovery of 82.79%,gold grade of 29.16 g/t and recovery of 80.98%,and 1.04% antimony was obtained,effective separation recovery of antimony and arsenic was realized.
    Pyrolysis Property of the Low Grade Laterite Ore from Indonesia
    YANG Song, SHANG Guan-Ju, DU Wen-Guang, LIU Shou-Jun, SHI Peng-Zheng, LIANG Li-Tong
    2016, 45(08):  98-102. 
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    In order to improve the technical indicators of pyrometallurgical process of the low grade laterite nickel ore,the pyrolysis properties of the low grade nickel laterite ore from Indonesia was studied.The results showed that the laterite belong to the typical transition layer laterite.The main mineral composition of the laterite are lizardite,goethite,silica,greenalite,schweizerite and kaolinite.Nickel mainly occur in the Ni-riched silicate ores,such as serpentine and olivine.And part of nickel occurrence as nickel oxide in goethite.The pyrolysis analysis results indicated that first weight loss of the laterite occurred at 86 ℃,which form an endothermic peak and the main violent is H2O.The first stage corresponded to the evaporated of the free water.The second weight loss of the laterite occurred at 268 ℃,which form an endothermic peak and the main violent is H2O.The second stage corresponded to the dehydroxylation of goethite.The third weight loss of the laterite occurred at 589 ℃,which form an endothermic peak and the main violent is H2O.The third stage corresponded to the dehydroxylation of kaolinite and lizardite.The laterite form an exothermic peak at 816 ℃,and the quality almost no change,which caused by lizardite pyrolysis produce the amorphous silicate,and the amorphous silicate recrystallization to the forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and pyroxene (MgSiO3).The last weight loss of the laterite occurred at 1 126 ℃,which form an exothermic peak,and the main violent is CO2.The last stage corresponded to the dolomite decomposed.The experimental results can be somewhat conductive to improve the pyrogenic process of the laterite.
    Study on Statistical Fractal Rule of Particle Breakage with Static Load
    LI Jing, YE Hong-Qi, LUO Heng, ZHOU Li-Jun, XU Peng-Yun
    2016, 45(08):  103-107. 
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    Due to the particle shape is irregular and the size is non-uniformity,it is difficult to measure the real crushing strength of particle breakage by measuring actual contacting area.In order to solve this technical difficulty,a typical carbonate manganese ore which obtained from Guangxi was used in the simulation test of single-particle breakage.Further,fractal method was used to study the fractal dimension of broken ore in the simulation test.Finally,the relationship between crushing strength and parlicle's uniaxial limit comprehensive strength,particle size,fractal dimension was investigated.The study shows that greater exists in fractal dimension of raw ore and sand return,the relationship among crushing strength and particle size,fractal dimension was obtained.This formula can predict the real crushing strength of single particle breakage.
    Metallogenic Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Prediction of Tungsten Polymetallic in Fuquanshan Area
    CHEN Xin, FANG Qi-Chun, HUANG Chao
    2016, 45(08):  108-113. 
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    The Fuquanshan area of Dexing county,Jiangxi province is located in the northern section of Dongxiang-Dexing polymetallic metallogenic belt,a small tungsten deposit and more than ten mineralization point (belt) of Au,Cu,Pb are found in the metallogenic belt.The tungsten resource of the Fuquanshan area is reached to 30 000 t,the tungsten deposit of the area is composed of three sections,which mineralization category is far skarn-type.In order to provide some new theoretical basis for the deep prospecting and exploration and metallogenic study,combing with the results of field geological survey,geophysical and geochemical prospecting survey and drilling reveal of the Fuquanshan area,the regional metallogenic geological background,metallogenic geological characteristics and mineralization characteristics are analyzed in detail,the following conclusions are concluded:①the main metallogenic elements in the Fuquanshan area can be provided by the metamorphic rocks of the Shuangqiaoshan formation,the comprehensive anomalies of geophysical and geochemical prospecting can be taken as indirect prospecting indicators,the green alteration belt can be taken as the direct prospecting indicator;②the concealed granite rock mass is existed in the deep of Fuquanshan area,the rock mass is plunging to the south,the tungsten polymetallic mineralization is closely related to the rock intrusion activities of early Yanshannian.Based on the above analysis results,the metallogenic regularities of Zhuxi tungsten copper of the area is discussed in depth,besides that,the prospecting prediction of the area is also conducted,the results show that the contact zone of deep rocks and limestones is the favourable area for metallogenic,it also the key parts of the further prospecting work in the area,the deposits that are similar to the Zhuxi skarn-type tungsten copper deposits.
    Three-dimensional Geological Modeling and Reserves Estimation of Lala Copper Deposit in Huili County,Based on DIMINE Software  
    YANG Jin-Fu, ZHOU Shi-Xiong, XUE Li-Peng
    2016, 45(08):  114-118. 
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    In order to estimate the resources reserves of the deposit accurately,firstly,the integrated geological database of the mining area is established by adopting the geological prospecting data and production prospecting data that are collected in the Lala mining area;then,the three-dimensional space output characteristics can be can be expressed effectively by the traditional two-dimensional study method,so,in order to remedy the defaults of the two-dimensional study methods,the ore-bodies of the Lala mining area are delineated by adopting the established geological database,the integrated stratum entity model and ore-body entity model of the Lala mining area are established by adopting the geological module of DIMINE software;thirdly,taking the three-dimensional ore-bodies entity model as the constraints,the grade of Cu,Fe are assigned by adopting the distance power inverse ratio method,and the ore-body grade model is also established;finally,the resource reverses is estimated by adopting ordinary kriging method,the results show that the ore reserves is 64.350 1 million t,the metal quantity of Cu is 0.569 million t and the average grade of Cu is 8.482,the metal quantity of Fe is 8.482 million t and the average grade of Fe is 13.182%.The typical ore-bodies are selected as the verify ore-bodies,the comparison analysis of the resources reserves and grade estimation results of vertical selection method and ordinary kriging method,the results show that the grade relative error of Cu and Fe are -1.842%、-4.072% respectively,the relative error of metal quantity of Cu and Fe are -5.4%、-7.797%,the above relative errors are lower than ±10%,therefore,it show that the three-dimensional modeling and reserves estimation results of Lala copper deposit in Huili county with high precise,the analysis results of the paper can provide some results for the effective development and utilization of the Lala copper deposit in Huili county.
    Mine Video Surveilance Image Algorithm Based on DWT and Improved Median Filtering Algorithm
    LV Zhen-Lei , WU Feng
    2016, 45(08):  119-123. 
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    The existing factors of uneven illumination,coal dust and circuit voltage instability of video surveilance image acquistition devices,resulting in a lot of noises are existed in video surveilance image,the accurate interpretation of mine all kinds of production information is affected.Combined with discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and improved median filtering algorithm,a filtering algorithm of mine video surveilance with high efficiency is proposed.Firstly,according to the distribution characteristics of the noise in mine video surveilance image,the adaptive noise detection operator is proposed,according to the noise detection results,the improved median filtering algorithm is adopted to filtering out the salt & pepper noise in mine video surveilance image;then,the filtered image is conducted three-layers discrete wavelet transform,the high-frequency and low-frequency coefficients are obtained,the gaussian noise is not distributed in low-frequency coefficients,most of the gaussian noise is distributed in high-frequency coefficients,so,the low-frequency coefficients can be unchanged;finally,the a improved wavelet thresholding filtering function model is proposed to filtering out the gaussion noise in high-frequency coefficients,the filtered high-frequency coefficients and original low-frequency coefficients are reconstructed,the high resoulution image after denoising is obtained.The mine video surveilance images of a mine of Lu′an city,Shanxi province are obtained,the filtering effects of wavelet thresholding filtering function model,median filtering algorithm and the algorithm proposed in paper are analyzed,besides that,the indicators of signal noise ratio (SNR) and algorithm operation time are adopted to evaluation the effects of the above algorithms,the results show that,the performance of the algorithm proposed in this paper is better than others,besidesthat,the operation time of the algorithm proposed in this paper is also shorter than others.
    Optimization for Magnetic Matrices Size of SLon High Intensity Magnetic Separator
    ZHAO Li-Bing, LIU Li-Wei, LIANG Bing, ZHAO Yang, ZHANG Jin-Rui, CHE Dong-Mei
    2016, 45(08):  124-128. 
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    In order to improve the recovery of high intensity magnetic separation for micro grained iron ore in Sijiaying, experiment was conducted on on-site high intensity magnetic separation feeding. The results showed that the high intensity magnetic separation index of the magnetic rod with the diameter of 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm is better than that of the rod with the diameter of 3 mm. Magnetic separation effect comparison tests using mixed magnetic rod of Φ1.5 mm and Φ2.0 mm at number ratio 1∶2 and 1∶1 indicated that, separation index of Φ1.5 mm and Φ2.0 mm at number ratio of 1∶1 is better than at ratio of 1∶2. Industrial test by magnetic matrix rod of Φ1.5 mm and Φ2.0 mm at number ratio of 1∶1 tests showed concentrate obtained with iron grade of 27.19% and yield recovery of 72.23%, and iron recovery rate was 72.22% for 0.045 mm grade fraction. The ANSYS finite element analysis results show that the smaller the section radius of the cylindrical dielectric rod, the higher intensity the magnetic induction intensity was. But the depth of its action is shallow and the attenuation rate is fast. Mixed magnetic matrix with Φ1.5 mm and Φ2 mm with number ratio of 1∶1 can reasonably distributes the magnetic field space. At the same time, it had the advantages of high magnetic field gradient, uniform distribution, and no easy to plug. It can also improve the separation effect of high intensity magnetic field magnetic separator for fine particles. The test result was significant to improve the recovery of high intensity magnetic separation for fine grain refractory iron ore in Sijiaying.
    Reliability Analysis of the Complex Dump Slope in Anqian Mine
    PAN Peng-Fei, SHA Cheng-Man, SUN Hou-Guang, HAN Zhong-He, MAO Ya-Chun
    2016, 45(08):  129-133. 
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    The dump slope in Anqian mine is different from common slope,where its shape is complex,the gravel and soil are mixed,and the distribution is not uniform.The parameters of soil weight,cohesion and internal friction angle show larger spatial variability,and soft layer exist in the slope.These parameters are basically satisfied with the normal distribution,and its probability parameters and probability distribution are given through experiments and field statistics.With the Bishop method,three kinds of stability coefficient were calculated,that is,minimum stability coefficient without condition,minimum stability coefficient when sliding block reaching a certain scale,stability coefficient when sliding surface passing through weak plane respectively.The probability distribution of the stability coefficient is obtained by Monte Carlo Method.These probability distribution functions of stability coefficient are calculated about three representative sections and three kinds of stability coefficients.Their reliability was analyzed,and the related warning level was given.
    Treatment Technology of Complex Goaf Group with Low-value Ore-body
    LIU Hai-Lin, ZHANG Cheng-Zhou, WANG Xing
    2016, 45(08):  134-137. 
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    The goaf volume in calcite mine of Lailong mining area has reached 3,500,000 m3,and the low value of orebody results in contradiction between the management and security of goaf and the economy.In order to effectively control the mined-out area,3D model for 3,500,000 m3 of goaf was established based on 3D measurement,and then the engineering geology of the mining area was investigated.Based on evaluation on the stability of mined-out area,the continuous monitoring system for surrounding rock's stability in goaf was developed and has been widely applied in treatment of goaf.
    Study on the Stability of San'guanmiao Landslides under Earthquake Based on GTS
    WANG Hai-Long, ZHANG Wei, QIN Li-Jie
    2016, 45(08):  138-141. 
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    The landslide of San'guanmiao in Gongchangling District of Liaoyang city lies in the zone of Ⅶ degree earthquake intensity,and slides on both sides.Although the slope of the landslide is gentle,with the lubricating effect of the polluted water within the sewage canal,the landslide is currently in the creep deformation stage.The finite element simulation model was established by Midas-GTS to calculate and stability of Sanguanmiao landslide under the condition of natural condition and seismic condition.Considering the seismic probability exceeding by 10% in 50 years,the grid topology is made by adopting the quadrilateral circular grid method with the peak of time history load 0.1 g to make the strength reduction on the physical parameters of rock mass.Through analyzing the slope shear strain and equivalent analysis of plastic zone,the potential sliding zone is determined.Compared with the result by limit equilibrium method,it is found that both fit very well.The calculating results show that the slope basically keeps stable in the natural state,with the safety coefficient varying from 1.2 to 1.3.But with the participation of the acceleration of 0.1g for dynamic peak of earthquake,the slope become in an unstable state with the safety coefficient of 1 or lower.
    Research on Slope Stability and Final Slope Angle of the Open Pit Mining in the Bijigou Mine
    WANG Tian-Xiong, CHEN Ping
    2016, 45(08):  142-147. 
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    At the boundary of the Bijigou open pit,the final height of the slope is 510 m,half of the slope and half of the depressed surface.Side slopes at line 8~15 is complex in shape.In order to determine the reasonable final slope angle,the slope stability of several typical sections was studied by FLAC3D,and the slope angle and the step structure parameters were determined respectively.And the local reinforcement parameters for each part are put forward.This method is suitable for studying the stability of rock slope,and determining the final slope angle in feasible,economical and reasonable ways.
    Experimental Research of Lowering Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases by Hydraulic Action
    YANG Hai-Tao, YI Hai-Bao
    2016, 45(08):  148-151. 
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    The work environment is seriously polluted by blasting dust containing a great deal of fine particles and toxic gases.It often leads to poisoning and anthracosis and other occupational diseases.In order to effectively control the blasting dust and blasting toxic gases,experiments of blasting dust control with different charge structures were carried out in sealed container based on the mechanism analysis of blasting dust and toxic gases.The results showed that dust adsorption rates of water interval charge structure with aperture arrangement,hole bottom arrangement and radial arrangement respectively were 73.49%,71.08% and 32.53%,while carbon monoxide absorption rates respectively were 69.95%,36.85% and 14.11%.Considering the operability of field application,aperture arrangement was the best charge structure to control blasting dust and toxic gases.Field tests indicated that dust concentration was 70.27%~77.42% lower than the compared experiment,with the charge structure of micronic dust blasting.This charge structure has a good effect on reducing blasting dust and reducing ventilation time,which verified the feasibility and reliability of hydraulic dust removal and provided guidance to create a good working environment for the mine production.So it has good application value.
    A Quick Masonry Craft of Backfilled Retaining Wall in an Iron Mine in Hebei
    YANG Yu-Xue
    2016, 45(08):  152-154. 
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    According to production technology and filling method in an iron mine in Hebei,process reformation is conducted about backfilled retaining wall made by hollow brick.Bags filling slurry is instead of hollow bricks.The height of filling and the thickness of backfilled retaining wall are defined by mechanical analysis and thickness calculation.A complete quick masonry technique of backfilled retaining wall is formed.Practice shows that:the thickness of backfilled retaining wall with bags filling slurry 2.5m can meet the production requirements.Its drainage performance is better than that of the backfilled retaining wall with hollow brick,and its efficiency of filling and the strength of filling body are higher.
    Simulation Modeling and System Implementation of Mine Water Inrush
    HUANG Dong-Xu, LI Zhong-Xue, LI Cui-Ping, ZHAO Yi-Qing, ZHANG Cong
    2016, 45(08):  155-160. 
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    In view of mine water inrush simulation,the modeling research was divided into two parts:the static modeling of laneways and the dynamic simulation of water inrush spreading process.Based on the point-line concept,the laneways were modeled with equivalent length to unify the parameters of time and length.Combining the characteristics of mine water inrush,graph theory and intelligent search algorithm,the downward and upward water spreading processes during the water inrush development were researched.With the fixed time-step method,the simulation clock system was established to realize the forecast and reappearance of laneways and water,before and after the water inrush.The simulation modeling algorithm of mine water inrush was completed and the system prototype was implemented.A typical metal mine in China was exemplified to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the simulation system.The model and the system prototype provided the technical means for prevention,rescue and research work of mine water inrush.
    Subsidence Causes and Prediction of Xulou Iron Mine
    MA Jun-Xue, CHEN Jian, TENG Yong-Bo, CHEN Song
    2016, 45(08):  161-169. 
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    In order to further analyze the subsidence causes and predict the rule of the surface subsidence in the Xulou iron mine,firstly,the development status of surface subsidence status of the first phase mining project of Xulou iron mine are introduced;then the subsidence causes of Xulou iron mine are discussed in depth from the five aspects of surrounding rock stress field variation,ore-bodies occurrence conditions,groundwater drainage in mining area,regional geological structure and the goaf filling;finally,base on the existing engineering geological data and subsidence monitoring data,the probability integral method and curve fitting method are adopted to predict the surface subsidence range and settlement in the mining area,the prediction results are analyzed in detail.The results show that:①the surface subsidence of the mining area is jointly resulted from the factors of surrounding rock stress field variation,ore-bodies occurrence conditions,groundwater drainage in mining area,regional geological structure and the goaf filling;②the subsidence area predicted by the probability integral method is about 0.22 km2,the main shaft,auxiliary shaft,air shaft and the most of the mining industry field are lied in the predicted mining subsidence area,it is more likely to cause the goaf subsidence disaster with great danger;③the curve fitting results with high accuracy and good effect that is comparatively in agreement with the actual measured data,that is to say,the curve fitting results can well reflect the actual surface subsidence situation of the mining area.The above analysis result further show that the surface subsidence range and settlement of the mining area with the trend of violently accelerating,the actual measured surface subsidence range and settlement are much smaller than the prediction results which indicated that a part of surface buildings or constructions and facilities are located in the prediction area,in addition,with the comprehensive development of the second mining stage project,the surface subsidence range and settlement in the mining area will continue to increase in a short term.Therefore,the probability integral method and curve fitting method can better predict the surface subsidence in the mining area,it has practically significant for the control and prevention of surface subsidence in Xulou iron mine.
    Deformation Prediction Method of Roadway Based on the Improved RBF Neural Network
    CUI Yi, YANG Yong-Hui
    2016, 45(08):  170-173. 
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    The structural parameters of the hidden layer node number and connection weights of the classical RBF neural network model are obtained by experiences,so,the performance of the classical RBF neural network model is depends on the subjectivity of experts,that is to say,there are certain blindness and randomness are existed,which lead to predict the roadway deformation with great difficult.In order to improve the performance of the classical RBF neural network model,the structural parameters of the hidden layer node number and connection weights are optimized by adopting the Bayesian ying-yang harmonly learning algorithm,a new roadway deformation prediction model based on improved BRF neural network is proposed,the improved neural network model can be names as diagonal type generalized RBF neural network model.The experiment is done based on the on-site long-term monitoring data of the fully-mechanized sublevel stoping roadways of Lu'an mining area and Yanzhou mining area to analyze the performance of the classical RBF neural network model and diagonal type generalized RBF neural network model,the results show that:①the prediction precise of roof and floor roadway deformation of the diagonal type generalized RBF neural network model is about 92.2%,while the prediction precise of the classical RBF neural network model is about 80.6%;②the prediction precise of coal side wall deformation of the diagonal type generalized RBF neural network model is about 90.2%,while the prediction precise of the classical RBF neural network model is about 78.6%.The above experimental results further show that the prediction of roadway deformation can be done with high precise by the diagonal type generalized RBF neural network model,which can provide some reference for the prediction of roadway deformation with high precise.
    Study on Cementing-solidification Uranium Tail Slag by CaCO3 Produced by Carbonate Mineralization Bacteria
    LEI Jia, JIANG Wei-Yan, QIU Tian-Li, HU Zuo-Wen, DUAN Tao, ZHU Wen-Kun
    2016, 45(08):  174-179. 
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    Aiming at the problems of high energy consumption,high emission,large impact on the surrounding environment,high maintenance cost in traditional uranium tail slag processing methods,the cementing effect of Bacillus Pasteurii induce deposition on calcium carbonate uranium tail slag was studied.Results indicated that,adding Bacillus Pasteurii can efficiently cement uranium tail slag.Bacteria liquid uranium cementing effect on coarse tail slag is better than on fine grained cement.The interval between cemented uranium tails slag are filled with CaCO3,which forms of different sizes of spherical aggregates,belongs to calcite type.The compressive strength on cementing body analysis results show that,as the consolidation time extension,compressive strength of cementing body gradually improves,when biological cementation sand column was compressed,it′s broken from the both ends of cementing body.Compressive strength of coarse sand was obviously higher than that of the fine sand,and higher the filling,the higher the compressive strength.adding carbon nanotubes can markedly increase the compressive strength of the cement.
    Solidification-stabilization of Tailings Containing Lead by Slag-steel Slag System Cement
    YAN Ai-Yun, NI Wen, HUANG Xiao-Yan, GAO He, LI Wen-Xiu, REN Chao
    2016, 45(08):  180-184. 
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    In order to investigate the possibility of using solidification-stabilization technology treat lead tailings,using mineral waste slag and steel slag as raw material to prepare binding material(metallurgical slag binding material),solidification effects of metallurgical slag on lead ions was studied. Results indicated that,the leaching concentrations of metallurgical slag solidification were lower than the cement. The 28-day unconfined compressive strength of metallurgical slay sample were about twice to cement,and the 56-day unconfined compressive strength of metallurgical slag sample remained stable. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy analysis results showed that,the microstructure of Ettringite and [SiO4]4- in metallurgical paste is more complex than cement,and exist zeolite phase structure,which is the reason for good lead solidification performance.
    Experimental Study on the Properties of Unclassified Tailing Paste
    YANG Ying, WU Ai-Xiang, YANG Liu-Hua
    2016, 45(08):  185-189. 
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    Through exploring changes of rheological properties and strength properties of unclassified tailing paste in Bailing copper-zinc mine under the condition of different paste concentrations and cement sand ratio,the influence of paste concentration and cement sand ratio on the properties of paste were determined.In addition,the primary and secondary relationship between the two factors affecting the paste properties was obtained by range analysis,guiding to determine the reasonable range of the paste ratio.The regression equations between the two factors and the paste performance parameters of were established.The test results show that when the paste concentration is 75%~77%,the cement sand ratio is 0.04~0.12,the effect of paste concentration on the rheological properties of paste is greater than that of cement sand ratio,but cement sand ratio is the main factors affecting the strength of paste.According to the actual requirements in Bailing copper-zinc mine and the indoor test results,combining the regression relationship between the concentration as well as cement sand ratio and paste parameters,the optimum paste concentration is recommend to be 77% and the cement sand ratio 0.05 for this mine,which can meet the liquidity requirements and the strength requirements for Bailing copper-zinc mine,providing the safe and reliable technical support for the exploitation of this shallow buried ore body below the highway.
    Influence of New Curing Agent on Unconfined Compressive Strength of New Unclassified Tailings Cemented Materials in Copper Mine
    XU Jing, YANG Xiao-Jun, XU Xiu-Ping, LIU Long, HUA Shao-Guang
    2016, 45(08):  190-193. 
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    Aimed at the problems of fine grain size of unclassified tailing and high costs of consolidation and backfill,the influences of the new curing agent to unconfined compressive strength of unclassified tailings cemented materials are studied.The study results show that:when the solid concentration are 65%,68%,70% respectively and the cement sand ratio is 1∶8,the compressive strength of the new curing agent samples cured for 28 d are 2.556,3.3333.842 MPa respectively,the compressive strength of the samples suing new curing agent are increased 650%,520%,461% than that of the cement samples;when the solid concentration is 70%,the cement sand ratio is 1∶10 and the curing age are 3,7,28 d,the compressive strength of the new curing agent samples are 1 454,2.983,3.842 MPa,the compressive strength of the samples using new curing agent are increased 516%、665%、461% than that of the cement samples;when the the solid concentration is 70%, the curing age is 28 d and the cement ratio are 1∶10,1∶9,1∶8,the compressive strength of the new curing agent samples are 2.076,2.738,3.842 MPa,the compressive strength of the samples using new curing agent samples are increased 382%,449%,461% than that of the cement samples.The new type of curing agent can meet the mine backfilling materials requirements,besides that,the deficiencies of low strength and high costs of the unclassified tailings cemented materials are also overcomed by adopting the new type of curing agent.
    Leaching Zinc from Blast Furnace Flue Dust from Hebei by Sulfuric Acid
    ZHANG Jin-Xia, ZOU Xuan, NIU Fu-Sheng
    2016, 45(08):  194-196. 
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    There is 8.74% zinc and 27.4% iron in a blast furnace flue dust. Zinc mainly exists in zincite, and iron mainly exists in hematite. To recovery the valuable elements of zinc, sulfuric acid leaching experiment was conducted. Results indicated that, at room temperature, with sulfuric acid concentration is 0.5 mol/L, liquid solid ratio is 6 mL/g, reaction time for 15 min, stirring speed of 300 r/min, zinc leaching rate of 95.21% can be obtained, zinc grade of leaching residual decreased to 0.5%. The results can provide technique basis for sulfate leaching of such kind of blast furnace flue dust.