地下金属矿山回风井污风治理技术研究与实践

金属矿山 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 195-203.

地下金属矿山回风井污风治理技术研究与实践

贾敏涛^1,2,3 　李晓健^1,4 　任甲泽^1,5 李静波^1,3

1. 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司,安徽马鞍山 243000;2. 中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南长沙 410083; 3. 金属矿山开采安全与灾害防治全国重点实验室,安徽马鞍山 243000;4. 金属矿产资源高效循环利用国家工程研究中心, 安徽马鞍山 243000;5. 国家金属矿山固体废物处理与处置工程技术研究中心,安徽马鞍山 243000

出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-07-09
作者简介:贾敏涛(1987—),男,高级工程师,博士研究生。
基金资助:
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2023YFC2907205)

Research and Practice on Pollution Control Technology for Underground Metal Mine Return Air Shaft

JIA Mintao ^1,2,3 　 LI Xiaojian ^1,4 　 REN Jiaze^1,5 　 LI Jingbo ^1,3

1. Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co. ,Ltd. ,Maanshan 243000,China; 2. School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China; 3. State key Laboratory of Metal Mine Mining Safety and Disaster Prevention and Control,Maanshan 243000,China; 4. National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Recycling of Metallic Mineral Resources,Maanshan 243000,China; 5. National Metal Mine Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal Engineering Technology Research Center,Maanshan 243000,China

Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-07-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 矿井通风系统是地下矿山传统八大系统之一,承担着排尘、毒、湿和为井下供氧换热的重要作用。回风井外排污风包含的粉尘、有毒有害气体及雾气等对地表环境产生一定影响。针对以上问题,相关学者对回风井污染因子治理技术开展了探索研究,并建成了相关工程示范,但对其研究与应用现状缺少深入总结。基于此,检测了典型矿山回风井外排污染因子成分并分析了其成因,并对近年来矿山回风井污染因子治理典型技术和案例进行了梳理。研究结果表明:已知的各污染因子受井下作业工艺影响,其浓度呈现时段化分布特征,存在未知的刺激性污染气体; 惯性法、高压静电法、湿式共振栅法和吸附法可以有效降低污染因子浓度。在上述分析的基础上,针对污染因子治理技术研究现状,分析了目前存在的不足,并提出了未来的主要研究方向,即探究回风井除雾降尘机理、完善回风井余热回收与除雾协同技术、发展低浓度有害气体快速吸附技术,以及构建粉尘—冷凝雾—有害气体协调治理体系。

关键词: 矿井通风　回风井　污染治理　除雾降尘　静电除雾　协同治理

Abstract: The mine ventilation system is one of the traditional eight major systems in underground mines,undertaking the important tasks of dust,toxic and harmful gas,and moisture removal,as well as providing oxygen and heat exchange for underground operations. The exhaust air discharged from the return air shaft contains dust,toxic and harmful gases,and fog,which has a certain impact on the surface environment. In response to these issues,relevant scholars have conducted exploratory research on the treatment technologies for pollution factors in the return air shaft and built related engineering demonstrations. However,there is a lack of in-depth summaries of the current research and application status. Based on this,the components of the pollution factors discharged from the return air shaft of typical mines were detected and their causes were analyzed. Moreover,the typical technologies and cases for treating pollution factors in the return air shaft in recent years were sorted out. The research results show that the concentrations of the known pollution factors are affected by underground operation processes and exhibit a time-periodic distribution characteristic. There are unknown irritating pollution gases. Inertial method,high-voltage electrostatic method,wet resonance grid method and adsorption method can effectively reduce the concentrations of pollution factors. Based on the above analysis,the current research status of pollution factor treatment technologies in the return air shaft was analyzed,and the existing deficiencies were pointed out. The main research directions for the future were proposed,including exploring the mechanism of defogging and dust reduction in return air wells,improving the synergistic technology of waste heat recovery and defogging in return air wells,developing rapid adsorption technology for low concentration harmful gases,and constructing a coordinated control system for dust condensation mist harmful gases.

Key words: mine ventilation,return air shaft,pollution treatment,fog and dust removal,electrostatic fog removing,collaborative governance

中图分类号:

TD72

贾敏涛, 李晓健, 任甲泽, 李静波. 地下金属矿山回风井污风治理技术研究与实践 [J]. 金属矿山, 2025, 54(6): 195-203.

JIA Mintao, LI Xiaojian, REN Jiaze, LI Jingbo . Research and Practice on Pollution Control Technology for Underground Metal Mine Return Air Shaft[J]. Metal Mine, 2025, 54(6): 195-203.

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