低品位含钒钢渣空白焙烧—碳酸氢铵选择性浸出提钒

金属矿山 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (6): 140-147.

低品位含钒钢渣空白焙烧—碳酸氢铵选择性浸出提钒

刘景景^1,2　周清瑞^1,2

1.攀枝花学院钒钛学院,四川攀枝花 617000;2.钒钛关键战略材料四川省重点实验室,四川攀枝花 617000

出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-08
作者简介:刘景景(1986—),女,副教授,博士。
基金资助:
攀枝花市市级指导性科技计划项目(编号:2023ZD-G-3);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(编号:S202411360017,S202511360023, 2026cxcy072)。

Selective Vanadium Leaching from Low-Grade Vanadium-Bearing Steel Slag by Additive-Free Roasting and Ammonium Bicarbonate

LIU Jingjing^1,2　ZHOU Qingrui^1,2

1.College of Vanadium and Titanium,Panzhihua University,Panzhihua 617000,China; 2.Key Laboratory of Critical Strategic Materials for Vanadium and Titanium of Sichuan Province,Panzhihua 617000,China

Online:2026-07-15 Published:2026-07-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对现有含钒钢渣提钒工艺存在添加剂成本高、杂质溶出多、环境污染大及能耗高等问题,本研究提出基于空白焙烧—碳酸氢铵浸出的清洁提钒工艺。以V2 O5 含量为0.95%的含钒钢渣为对象,系统研究了焙烧与浸出关键参数对钒浸出率的影响,并借助XRD、SEM-EDS等手段阐明了物相演变与选择性浸出机理。结果表明,在空白焙烧温度950 ℃、焙烧时间3 h,碳酸氢铵浓度140 g/L、浸出温度80 ℃、浸出时间2 h、液固比10∶1 mL/g的条件下,钒浸出率为43.96%,浸出液经浓缩后钒浓度达9.21 g/L,而Ca、Fe、Mg、Al、Mn等杂质含量均不超过0.01 g/L,表明该体系对钒具有优异的选择性浸出能力。机理研究表明,钒主要赋存于硅酸盐基体与钙铝铁复合氧化物相;浸出过程中新生成了CaCO3 ,并伴随硅酸盐相转化,而Ca2 Fe2 O5 、MgFe2 O4 、Ca12 Al14 O33 等尖晶石相与铝酸盐结构稳定,从物相层面揭示了杂质高效抑制与钒选择性释放的机制。该工艺无需添加焙烧助剂、条件温和,且浸出液杂质含量低,可作为后续沉钒的优质原料。本研究为低品位含钒钢渣的绿色资源化提供了具有潜力的技术路径。

关键词: 含钒钢渣　, 空白焙烧　, 碳酸氢铵浸出　, 钒浸出率

Abstract: To address the challenges of high additive cost,substantial impurity dissolution,significant environmental pol lution,and high energy consumption in existing vanadium extraction processes from vanadium-bearing steel slag,this study pro posed a clean vanadium extraction process based on blank roasting followed by ammonium bicarbonate leaching.Using a vana dium-bearing steel slag with a V2 O5 content of 0.95% as the raw material,the effects of key roasting and leaching parameters on vanadium leaching efficiency were systematically investigated,and the phase evolution and selective leaching mechanism were elucidated by means of XRD and SEM-EDS.The results showed that under the optimal conditions of blank roasting at 950 ℃ for 3 h,ammonium bicarbonate concentration of 140 g/L,leaching temperature of 80 ℃,leaching time of 2 h,and liquid-to solid ratio of 10∶1 mL/g,the vanadium leaching efficiency reached 43.96%.After concentration,the vanadium concentration in the leachate reached 9.21 g/L,while the contents of impurities such as Ca,Fe,Mg,Al,and Mn were all below 0.01 g/L,dem onstrating the excellent selective leaching capability of this system for vanadium.Mechanistic studies revealed that vanadium was primarily hosted in silicate matrices and calcium-aluminum-iron composite oxide phases.During the leaching process, CaCO3 was newly formed,accompanied by the transformation of some silicate phases,while spinel and aluminate structures such as Ca2 Fe2 O5 ,MgFe2 O4 ,and Ca12 Al14 O33 remained stable,revealing from the phase perspective the mechanism of efficient impurity suppression and selective vanadium release.This process requires no roasting additives,operates under mild condi tions,and yields a leachate with low impurity content that can serve as a high-quality feed for subsequent vanadium precipitati on.This study provides a promising technological pathway for the green utilization of low-grade vanadium-bearing steel slag.

Key words: vanadium-bearing steel slag,blank roasting,ammonium bicarbonate leaching,vanadium leaching efficiency

中图分类号:

TF84
X75

刘景景, 周清瑞. 低品位含钒钢渣空白焙烧—碳酸氢铵选择性浸出提钒[J]. 金属矿山, 2026, 55(6): 140-147.

LIU Jingjing, ZHOU Qingrui. Selective Vanadium Leaching from Low-Grade Vanadium-Bearing Steel Slag by Additive-Free Roasting and Ammonium Bicarbonate[J]. Metal Mine, 2026, 55(6): 140-147.

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