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Table of Content

    25 February 2019, Volume 48 Issue 02
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    Recent Progress in Magnetic Reduction Roasting of Refractory Iron Ore via Fluidized Bed
    LI Yan-Jun, YU Jian-Wen, HAN Yue-Xin, GAO Peng
    2019, 48(02):  2-9. 
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    There is a large amount of refractory iron ore resources that cannot be exploited by conventional ore dressing methods in China. Fluidized magnetization roasting is the most effective method for treating this iron ore，and has become a research hotspot in recent years. In the present review，the magnetization roasting mechanismof iron ore is introduced， and the development history and technical status of fluidized magnetization roasting are summarized， with the emphasis on introducing the technical equipment features and application demonstration of various fluidized magnetization roastingtechnologies， including boiling furnace， flash magnetization roaster， fluidized bed， and suspended magnetization roaster. The application prospect of thefluidized magnetization roasting technology is also analyzed for low-grade refractory siderite， limonite， hematite， and iron-containing tailings.
    Research Prospect of Enriched Iron and Dephosphorization of High Phosphorus Oolitic Hematite
    ZHOU Wen-Tao, HAN Yue-Xin, SUN Yong-Sheng, GAO Peng, LI Yan-Jun
    2019, 48(02):  10-14. 
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    To increase the development and utilization level of iron resources in our country， increase the iron self-sufficiency degree， based on the mineral properties of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite， the present high phosphorus oolitic hematite utilization situation， the process and mechanism of iron extraction and phosphorus reduction were reviewed. It was pointed out that although conventional mineral processing methods such as single flotation， selective flocculation-reverse flotation and flotation-magnetic combination are easy to operate， the separation indexes such as grade and recovery of iron concentrate are low， and the dephosphorization rate is low， which makes it difficult to achieve the ideal effect of iron extraction and dephosphorization； chemical leaching， biological leaching and smelting methods have costs and environmental problems， although the dephosphorization effect is remarkable. On the basis of summarizing the existing research results and a large number of experimental studies， the relevant research group of Northeast University proposed a low-consumption and high-efficiency process for iron extraction and phosphorus reduction， i.e. deep reduction short-process smelting technology， which takes iron ore→metal iron→hot Metal→hot metal impurity removal→forming steel as the process route， with short process flow and high heat utilization rate. The principle and Prospect of this technology are also discussed. The process has the advantages of short process flow and high heat utilization rate， can realize the high-efficiency separation of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite.
    Review of Spodumene Flotation Collectors and Regulators
    ZHU Yi-Min, XIE Rui-Qi, ZHANG Meng
    2019, 48(02):  15-21. 
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    Systematically summarized collectors and regulators of spodumene flotation from large amounts of domestic and foreign research papers. The collectors include traditional single collectors， mixed collectors and novel collectors. The regulators mainly contain the combination of NaOH-Na2CO3-CaCl2.Meanwhile， the influence of metal ions， inorganic anions and organic acids and other regulators on the flotation process， effect of activation and depression and flotation mechanism are hot research topics. Research and development of novel collector and regulators with high efficiency， high selectivity， environmentally friendly， low temperature resistance and high economical efficiency will become the main trend of future development of spodumene flotation collectors and regulators. It provides a reference for the studying and researching on the flotation reagents of spodumene.
    Analysis of High-purity Quartz Sand Resources and It’s Processing Technologies
    GUO Wen-Da, HAN Yue-Xin, ZHU Yi-Min, LIU Qing-Xia, LI Yan-Jun
    2019, 48(02):  22-28. 
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    High-purity quartz sand is the basic raw material for high-tech industries such as microelectronics， optical fiber communication， and aerospace， having an important strategic position in the development of the national economy. At present， the preparation of high-purity quartz sand can be through chemical synthesis， natural crystal processing and deep purification of quartz minerals. Among them， the preparation method by chemical synthesis and natural crystal processing is restricted by raw materials， cost， yield， and so on， which are difficult to be industrially applied in large scale.Therefore， preparing high-purity quartz sand through quartz mineralswill be the main research direction in the future. However， the related researches in China were started late and insufficient. The technologies were monopolized by developed countries for a long time. So，the high-purity quartz sand market ofour country is heavily dependent on imports. Based on the analysis of raw materials， this paper compares the mineral properties of different quartz ores used to prepare high-purity quartz sand are comprehensively compared. It is concluded that granitic pegmatite and vein quartz are the most ideal raw materials for the preparation of pure quartz sand. The types of accompanying gangues and the existing and attached states of common impurity elements such as Al，Fe，Ca and K in quartz minerals are systematically analyzed，especially the lattice impurities and inclusion impurities. It is pointed out that the lattice impurities difficult to be removedis the main factor restricting the quality of high purity quartz sand.From the perspective of mineral processing， the current high-purity quartz sand processing technologiesare divided into four categories according to the different processing purposes.Moreover，the production process status are summarized andanalysised in detail， which highlights the shortcomings of current craftsmanship and the gap with international advanced technology.On this basis， the problems existing in the production and the future research directions of high-purity quartz sandare proposed， which provide some theoretical guidance for the related research in the future.
    Expansion Experimental Study for Suspension Magnetization Roasting in Jiugang Powder Ore
    TANG Xiao-Ling, CHEN Yi-Lin, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun, LIU Jin-Chang
    2019, 48(02):  29-33. 
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    In order to solve the problem of low recovery and low grade of iron concentrate in Jingtieshan powder ore of Jiusteel， based on the process mineralogy analysis of preconcentrated concentrate with high intensity magnetic separation， Northeastern University carried out an extended test study on suspension magnetization roasting. The results show that the TFe grade of the preconcentrated concentrate with high intensity magnetic separation is 39.02%， the iron content in the sample is mainly hematite and siderite， the iron distribution rate is 67.81% and 28.36%， respectively， and the gangue minerals are mainly quartz， dolomite and barite. With the new process of high intensity magnetic separation tail-throwing-suspension roasting-magnetic separation-reverse flotation， the qualified iron concentrate with TFe grade of 60.67% and SiO2 content of 4.52% was finally obtained， and the iron recovery rate was 76.27%. Compared with the original single high intensity magnetic separation process， the iron grade of concentrate by the new process was improved by 16.11 percentage points， the SiO2 content was reduced by 6.83 percentage points， and the recovery was increased by 14.43 percentage points. The concentrate index was greatly improved， test results provided technical basis for the efficient utilization of iron powder resources in the next step.
    Experimental Study on Suspension Magnetization Roasting of Jiugang Specularite
    MA Yu-Cheng, LI Yan-Jun, SUN Yong-Sheng
    2019, 48(02):  34-37. 
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    There is 33.84% iron in feeding of vertical furnace in Jiugang Plant， main useful iron ores are specularite， limonite， siderite， gangue minerals are mainly quartz， and the content of harmful element P is low. In order to solve the problem of poor separation index of Jiugang specularite by conventional separation method， the magnetic roasting-grinding-low intensity magnetic separation method was used to the study on representative sample. Results show that the concentrate with iron grade 59.12%， and iron recovery of 81.31% can obtained under the conditions of roasting temperature 650 ℃， roasting time 5 min， CO concentration 30%， total gas volume 500 mL/min for magnetizing roasting， the roasted products ground to 82% of -0.074 mm， via low intensity magnetic separation in 119.4 kA/m. The main harmful impurities Al2O3 and P in concentrate is relatively lower， and can meet the requirements of smelting raw materials. The research conclusion provided a basis for the development and utilization of Jiugang specularite ore， and has guiding significance for the development and utilization of the same type of ore.
    Study on Iron Phase Transformation and Magnetic Transformation during Suspension Magnetization Roasting of Specularite
    LI Jia, SUN Yong-Sheng, LI Yan-Jun, HAN Yue-Xin
    2019, 48(02):  38-43. 
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    The main valuable element of a specularite ore in Gansu Province is iron. The content of TFe is 59.61%. 94.79% of the iron in the raw ore exists in the form of hematite and limonite. The gangue mineral is mainly quartz and the content is 8.11%. In order to investigate the effect of main factors on phase transformation and magnetic transformation of roasted products， suspension roasting experiments were carried out. The results show that after the suspension magnetization roasting of specularite， the roasted product iron mainly exists in the form of magnetite， and the magnetism is obviously enhanced. With the increase of roasting temperature， roasting time， CO concentration and total gas volume， the content of specularite in roasted products decreases gradually， the content of magnetite increases gradually， and the saturation magnetization and maximum specific magnetization coefficient of roasted products increase first and then decrease. The specific saturation magnetization of the roasted product is 63.66 A·m2/kg and the maximum specific magnetization coefficient is 5.02×10-4 m3/kg when the roasting temperature is 550 ℃ and the roasting time is 4 min， the concentration of CO is 20% and the total gas volume is 600 mL/min. The iron phase in the roasting process changes in the order of Fe2O3→Fe3O4→FeO. The transformation of the phase of the roasted product will affect the magnetic strength， and is mainly related to the content of magnetite. The experimental results can provide theoretical basis for the mechanism of suspension roasting of specularite resources in China.
    Effect of Calcination Temperature and Time on Suspension Magnetization Roasting of Iron ailings in Bayan Obo Iron Ore
    DAN Yan, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Wen-Bo
    2019, 48(02):  44-49. 
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    In order to recover iron ore from the tailings of Baiyun Obo Iron Mine， the high intensity magnetic separation preconcentration-suspension roasting-magnetic separation process was used to carry out the iron ore re-concentration test. The results show that the preconcentrated concentrate from tailings of Baiyun Obo Iron Mine with TFe grade of 14.10%， via the total gas volume of preconcentrated concentrate is 600 mL/min， in which the CO concentration is 15%， the roasting temperature is 800 ℃， and the roasting time is 5 min. After roasting， the particle size of the roasted product is d90=39.29 μm， and the magnetic field strength of the magnetic tube is 13.2 mT， the magnetic separation concentrate with TFe grade of 63.88% and total iron recovery of 57.25% can be obtained. The product analysis of each stage in the test shows that too high roasting temperature and too long roasting time will lead to excessive reduction. Meanwhile， the roasting process makes the hematite without cracks in the surface of preconcentrated concentrate change into magnetite with micro-cracks on the surface. The study can provide technical basis for the development and utilization of polymetallic co-associated iron ore resources.
    Research on Kinetics of FeO Magnetization Reaction in the Thermal Decomposition of Siderite
    ZHANG Qi, SUN Yong-Sheng, HAN Yue-Xin
    2019, 48(02):  50-53. 
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    In order to study themagnetization reaction of FeO in the thermal decomposition process of siderite， and provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of the magnetron roasting process of siderite， the kinetics of FeO magnetization in the thermal decomposition of siderite was studied by gas composition analysis system. The results showed that With the increase of reaction temperature, the time to realize same reaction fraction become shorter, and the magnetization reaction rate increase with temperature increases. Under different magnetization reaction temperatures， the reaction fraction showed a similar law with time； the magnetization reaction rate changed the same with the reaction fraction. At the same time， the model data was analyzed by model matching method indicated kinetics of FeO magnetization reaction was in accordance with the kinetic model equation: G（α）=[-ln(1-α)][12]， and the magnetization of the reaction kinetics FeO activation energy was 56.01 kJ/mol， A was 6.07 s-1. The limiting part of FeO magnetization reaction process in the thermal decomposition process of siderite is gas diffusion and interface reaction control.
    Effects of CaO and Na2CO3 Dosage on Beneficiation during Coal-based Reduction of High-phosphorus Oolitic Hematite Ore
    LI Yan-Feng, HAN Yue-Xin, SUN Yong-Sheng, ZHANG Qi
    2019, 48(02):  54-59. 
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    High-phosphorus oolitic hematite treated with coal-based reduction technology can have good technical-economic indicators， but the role of additives such as CaO and Na2CO3 in the reduction process still needs to be further studied. The influence of reduction temperature， reduction time， mole ratio of C to O on reduction index was investigated， taking high-phosphorus oolitic hematite from Western Hubei as research object. The results showed that the appropriate reduction conditions were the reduction temperature of 1523K， the reduction time of 30 min and mole ratio of C to O is 2.0， the metallization degree of the reduced products was 86.21%， the iron grade of magnetic separation was 91.69%， and the recovery was 92.23%. The effects of CaO and Na2CO3 dosage on separation indexes was investigated on the optimum coal-based reduction conditions， the chemical composition analysis and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were used to investigate dosage of CaO and Na2CO3 on separation index of high-phosphate oolitic hematite， dephosphorization and phase transition. The addition of CaO and Na2CO3 can inhibit the formation of fayalite in reduction process， effectively reduce the phosphorus content in concentrate and improve the iron recovery. CaO can react with SiO2 and Al2O3 in the samples to form high-melting-point silicates such as wollastonite and gehlenite， which is not conducive to the improvement of iron grade. Na2CO3 can react with SiO2 and Al2O3 in the samples to form low-melting-point silicate such as albite， which is conducive to the improvement of iron grade.
    Primary Study on Magnetizing Roasting-Magnetic Separation of Red Mud in Shandong
    LIU Xiao, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun, GAO Peng, ZHANG Shu-Min, CHA Ze-Peng
    2019, 48(02):  60-64. 
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    With the continuous increase of alumina production in China， the discharged amount of red mud is also increasing day by day. The problems of ecological environment pollution and land resource occupation caused by common methods of storage and disposal are becoming more and more prominent. In order to effectively enrich iron in red mud， the technological process of magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation was adopted taken a red mud in Shandong Province as the research object， based on the analysis of ore properties. The results indicated that the iron grade of red mud was 37.37%， and the iron in red mud mainly existed in hematite and limonite， which accounted for 98.23% of the total iron. Iron concentrate with iron grade of 47.01% and recovery of 73.01% could be obtained under the conditions of CO concentration 30%， magnetizing roasting temperature 620 ℃ and roasting time 20 min， roasted products ground to 70% passing 0.038 mm， then via low intensity magnetic separation at magnetic field intensity of 85.6 kA/m. The iron phase analysis， X-ray diffraction analysis and magnetism analysis on iron concentrate indicated that most of the hematite and limonite in red mud could be transformed into magnetite during the magnetizing roasting， the magnetization of iron ore is increased, and the separation of iron minerals and gangue minerals can be realized by low intensity magnetic separation.but further research should be taken aiming at increase of iron grade and decrease of aluminum.
    Effect of Cooling Mode on Magnetic Properties of Cooling Product
    ZHU Xin-Ran, SUN Yong-Sheng, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun, LU Ze-Li
    2019, 48(02):  66-70. 
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    Magnetization roasting technology has become the main mean for efficient development and utilization of refractory iron ore. Cooling mode are important factors affecting the separation results of roasted products. The effect of inert atmosphere cooling， water cooling and air atmosphere cooling mode on the oxidation degree of roasted products magnetite was investigated. The results showed that the inert atmosphere cooling can effectively avoid magnetite being oxidized， and the saturation magnetization is maxmum， it’s 74.2 A?m2/kg. The cooling product in water cooling occurred slight oxidation reaction， and the saturation magnetization can reach to 72.5 A?m2/kg. In air atmosphere， part of magnetite was oxidized into hematite and the saturation magnetization of cooled product is only 37.6 A?m2/kg. In air atmosphere cooling process， the results were greatly influenced by the initial cooling temperature. With the decrease of initial cooling temperature， the FeO content of cooled products gradually increased， the saturation magnetization of the cooled products gradually increased， and the specific susceptibility of the cooled products gradually increased. The experiment results can provide theoretical basis for the process optimum of refractory iron ore magnetic roasting.
    Research on the Titanium Removal of Titanium-containing Magmatic Iron Concentrate
    GUO Wen-Da, HAN Yue-Xin, ZHU Yi-Min, LI Yan-Jun, FAN Zhi-Guo
    2019, 48(02):  71-75. 
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    In order to explore the feasibility of reducing the TiO2 content of magnetic iron concentrate from Baiquan mine by increasing the fineness of grinding， fine/ultrafine grinding-low intensity magnetic separation process was used for titanium removal of the titanium-bearing iron concentrate. Under the optimal conditions of grinding fineness d90=34.7 μm and magnetic field intensity of 83.6 kA/m， the TFe grade of iron concentrate could be increased from 63.39% to 65.48%， meeting the requirements of first grade iron concentrate， and the recovery rate was 97.85%. At the same time， the content of impurity TiO2 in iron concentrate could be reduced by 1.04 percentage points. X-ray diffraction analysis and mineralogy characteristics analysis of the titanium-containing concentrate revealed that titanium in the high ferrotitanium concentrate was mainly presented in titanomagnetite. The impurities ilmenite and titanium-hematite could be removed from the high ferrotitanium concentrate by fine/ultrafine grinding-low intensity magnetic separation process. However， titanomagnetite and magnetite belong to the same kind of similarity， and their physicochemical properties are very similar， which is difficult to separate by magnetic separation. This is the reason why the titanium element of the iron concentrate was difficult to remove significantly. The research results show that the titanium in such kind of high-titanium iron concentrate cannot be removed by beneficiation， but its quality is pretty good and it is very suitable for use as ingredients in other low-titanium iron concentrates.
    Experimental Study on Carrier Flotation of a Fine-Grained Magnetic Separation Mixed Iron Concentrate
    QIN Yong-Hong, YANG Guang, MA Zi-Fei, ZHANG Qi, XIAO Han-Xin, LIU Jie
    2019, 48(02):  76-80. 
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    Due to its large specific surface area， high surface energy， small volume and small mass， the fine-grained ore causes non-selective agglomeration among particles， which deteriorates the flotation environment and makes it difficult to obtain favourable indicators for conventional froth flotation. For East Anshan Sintering Plant the carrier flotation test study on Magnetic Plant samples， including gravity concentrate fine undersize as carrier minerals， mixed magnetic concentrate as adhesion minerals， the experimental results show that the pH value of 11.50， the flotation temperature of 35.0 ℃， CaO dosage of 700 g/t， starch dosage of 1 200 g/t， TD-Ⅱdosage of 500 g/t， and TD-Ⅱdosage of 250 g/t for cleaning， after the reverse flotation closed process of one roughing， one cleaning， three scavenging， the carrier flotation index was improved compared with the conventional flotation significantly， and the concentrate grade increment was improved by 1.12 percentage points. The particle size analysis of the product showed that the content of -20 μm in the carrier flotation concentrate product was reduced significantly， the cumulative volume curve peak showed a tendency to move to the coarse grain level， and the strength decreased， the apparent particle size of the mineral increased， and the flotation environment was optimized.
    Application of New Collector in Iron Reducing and Aluminum Removing Reverse Flotation of High-Alumina Iron Ore
    ZHANG Jing, ZHU Yi-Min, ZHANG Shu-Min, LI Yan-Jun, HAN Yue-Xin
    2019, 48(02):  81-86. 
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    In view of the problem of high aluminum content in iron concentrate after high alumina iron ore separation at the present stage， Northeastern University has developed a new efficient amphiphilic chelation collector DTA-2， iron increase and aluminum decrease reverse flotation test was conducted using a magnetic separation concentrate after suspension roasting as research object. The results showed that at room temperature， natural pH， with DTA-2 as the collector and starch as the inhibitor， via one roughing one cleaning one scavenging reverse flotation process high-quality flotation product with TFe grade is 66.80% and Al2O3 grade is 3.26% can be obtained. It was found that， the internal structure of limonite is relatively loose， and there are many gangue minerals； around larger the iron oxide particles there are many alumina-based gangue minerals （larger than 1 μm）， fine-grained iron oxides and alumina-based gangue minerals are aggregated into magnetic aggregates， resulting in many impurity occur in concentrate； the coarse-grained alumina mineral particles of the concentrate have fine particles （less than 1 μm） dispersed iron oxide particles， and quartz， kaolinite， mica， feldspar minerals and iron oxide minerals entering the magnetic separation concentrate ore entrainment of particulate monomers into the concentrate results in higher levels of concentrate impurities. The practical problem of high aluminum content in magnetic iron concentrate after suspension roasting is solved by flotation method. The test results have reference significance for the study of iron and aluminum reduction of high alumina iron ore.
    A New Collector DJW-II to Reverse Flotation the Mixed Magnetic Concentrate from Qidashan Concentrator
    XU Xiao-Ge, ZHU Yi-Min, ZHANG Meng, LU Zhan-Guo, SUN Chang-Sheng, CHENG Zhou-Yue-Yang
    2019, 48(02):  87-91. 
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    Qidashan Concentrator uses anionic collector LKY to purify the mixed magnetic iron concentrate by reverse flotation. The obtained concentrate of iron grade is 67.77% and the recovery rate is 78.86%. The slurry with collector LKY requires heating not only increases the energy consumption in the beneficiation. And the process is complexity， and will reduce the stability of the process. In order to solve these problems， the relevant research group conducted flotation test on the on-site mixed magnetic iron concentrate sample with the newly developed desiliconization collector DJW-II at room temperature （21 ℃）， and XRD and SEM analysis of closed-circuit test concentrate and tailings were performed. The results show that the -0.037 mm fraction yield is 68.21%， the main minerals are iron minerals and silica， the iron is obviously enriched in the fine fraction， and the pH adjuster NaOH is 500 g/t （ pH=9.0）， the inhibitor carboxymethyl starch dosage is 150 g/t， and the collector DJW-II dosage is 175 g/t. The sample is treated with single-stage roughing， single-stage cleaning and three-stage scavenging， to obtain iron concentrate with iron grade 67.60% and iron recovery rate of 86.05%. The test results is obviously superior to the on-site concentrate index. Therefore， the reverse mixed magnetic iron concentrate in the Qidashan Iron Ore Concentrator will use DJW-II as the collector， which will not only reduce the complexity of production process， but also reduce the production energy consumption， improve the production index and improve the economic benefit. XRD pattern analysis proved the high efficiency of DJW-II in the desiliconization separation of iron concentrates. The SEM images showed that the fine particles in the samples were mainly iron mineral particles.
    Synergistic Effect of Compound Collector on the Flotation of Iron Ore
    XU Xiao-Ge, CHENG Zhou-Yue-Yang, ZHU Yi-Min, LU Zhan-Guo, SUN Chang-Sheng, LI Yan-Jun, HAN Yue-Xin
    2019, 48(02):  92-96. 
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    In order to improve the flotation indexes of Qidashan iron ore， flotation collector DJW-II which is a new self-made reagent containing both N-H and O-H groups was made to use for research of flotation separation of mixed magnetic separation concentrate， JW series surfactants are used as auxiliary collectors. The results show that under the conditions of the flotation temperature 21 ℃， and pH 9.0， the dosage of collector DJW-II 125 g/t in roughing and 50 g/t in concentration， surfactant JW-4 0.6 g/t， inhibitor carboxymethyl starch sodium 250 g/t， the flotation process of one roughing and one concentration is adopted to obtain flotation concentrate of 50.98% yield， 68.08% grade and 69.85% recovery. The results showed that the flotation concentrate was improved by improving the foam volume， half-life period and foam viscosity， in turn the flotation index was improved. Finally， the structure of compound collectors， water molecules and relative ions Ca2+， Cl-， through Materials Studio software builds a molecular model for the bubble membrane structure， and Forcite module was used to do geometry optimization and dynamics. After adding auxiliary collector， collector molecular reactive group adsorption closer with the middle of the water molecules， and bubble performance test after adding auxiliary collector bubble viscosity change was consistent.
    Flotation Behaviors and Mechanisms of a Amphoteric Chelated Type Collector DRQ-3 for Spodumene Flotation
    XIE Rui-Qi, ZHU Yi-Min, HAN Xu-Qian, ZHANG Meng, LI Yan-Jun
    2019, 48(02):  97-101. 
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    The floatation experiments of spodumene were carried out by a new type of collector DRQ-3 synthesizing in the laboratory. The adsorption mechanism of DRQ-3 collector on spodumene surface was established by Zeta potential measurements， Fourier transforminfrared (FT-IR) spectrum， in conjunction with the results of flotation test. The results show that: in the condition of 26 ℃， pulp natural pH (pH = 8.5)， spodumene flotation recovery rate can reach 94.50% with 50 mg/L DRQ - 3 as collector， which indicated that DRQ-3 has a strong ability of collecting for spodumene. The results of FT-IR spectroscopy showed that there was a chemical adsorption between the collector DRQ-3 and spodumene. According to the crystal structure of spodumene， it was speculated that the chemical reaction between the spodumene and DRQ-3 was mainly depended on Al3+ and the active group in DRQ-3. The results of Zeta potential measurement indicated that the electrostatic adsorption between spodumeneand DRQ-3 was impossible. Combining with the results of FT-IR spectroscopy， it was revealed that the DRQ-3 collector had adsorbed on the spodumene in the form of chemical adsorption.
    Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Cu2+ on Cassiterite Flotation
    GONG Gui-Chen, LIU Jie, HAN Yue-Xin, ZHU Yi-Min
    2019, 48(02):  102-105. 
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    In order to explore the activation mechanism of Cu2+ on cassiterite， the monomineral flotation experiment of cassiterite was carried out in the styrene phosphonic acid （SPA） flotation system. The results show that Cu2+ has activation effect on cassiterite in the pH range of 2.0~7.4. Under the conditions of pH=4， SPA dosage of 250 mg/L and Cu2+ dosage of 4 ×10-3 mol/L， the flotation recovery rate of cassiterite is 11 percentage points higher than that without Cu2+. The results of electrodynamic potential detection and XPS analysis showed that Cu2+ could increase the reaction site of SPA on the surface of cassiterite by adsorption or substitution， thus increasing the adsorption amount of SPA on the surface of cassiterite and activating cassiterite. The results are of great significance for the flotation recovery increase of cassiterite resources.
    Influences of Styrene Phosphonic Acid on the Floatability of Fine Cassiterite and Its Mechanism
    LIU Chang, LIU Jie, LI Yan-Jun, GONG Gui-Chen, TANG Xue-Fei
    2019, 48(02):  106-110. 
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    The influence of three different collectors sodium oleate， styrene phosphonic acid and salicylhydroxamic acid on fine cassiterite flotation are investigated by conducting a series of micro-flotation tests， and the mechanism of styrene phosphonic acid collecting cassiterite is assessed by Zeta potential determination， atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experiment results indicates that sodiumoleate， styrene phosphonic acid and salicylhydroxamic acid can improve the floatability of cassiterite in the flotation of fine cassiterite， and the collecting capability of the three collectors towards fine cassiterite decreases in the order as follows: styrene phosphonic acid＞sodium oleate＞salicylhydroxamic acid. The styrene phosphonic acid mainly chemically adsorbs the surface of cassiterite， which forms many selective peak-like adsorption points on the surface of cassiterite and moves the Zeta potential of the surface of cassiterite to the negative direction. The two O atoms losing H+ on the phosphonic acid group can be combined with the Sn atom on the surface of cassiterite， which causes the styrene phosphonic acid is stably adsorbed on the surface of cassiterite.
    Effect of Natural Oxidation on Floatability of Pyrite and Its Mechanism
    JIANG Kai, LIU Jie, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun, ZHU Yi-Min
    2019, 48(02):  111-114. 
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    In order to clarify the oxidation law of pyrite under natural conditions and the effect of surface oxidation of pyrite on flotation. The effect of oxidation time on the floatability of pyrite single mineral under natural oxidation conditions was studied. The recovery of pyrite decreased with the increase of oxidation time. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show that there are new characteristic peaks of sulfur， ferric sulfate and ferric hydroxide on the surface of oxidized pyrite， and the oxidation of pyrite terminated when ferric hydroxide covered its surface. During the flotation process， hydrophilic substances such as iron hydroxide formed on the surface of oxidized pyrite and changed the surface properties of pyrite， hindered the adsorption of collectors and reduced the floatability of pyrite. The results provide some references for the flotation separation of precious metal from pyrite by decrease the floatability of pyrite.
    Research on Flotation Purification of Fluorinated Apatite from Lianyungang
    HAN Hui-Li, YAO Jin, CAO Bin, SUN Hao-Ran, YANG Bin, FU Ya-Feng, YIN Wan-Zhong
    2019, 48(02):  115-120. 
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    The fluorinated apatite ore from Lianyungang contains 31.23% P2O5， and its gangue minerals are mainly dolomite， calcite and quartz， with contents of 13.68%， 6.82% and 2.33%， respectively. In order to develop and utilize the ore， the direct flotation purification experiment was carried out. Results show that at the grinding fineness of 76.80% passing 0.074 mm， NaOH as pH adjusting agent， sodium carbonate and sodium silicate as both inhibitor and dispersant， sodium oleate as collector， the flotation machine impeller speed of 2 000 r/min， inflating volume is 0.25 m3/h， via one roughing one cleaning and one scavenging flotation， apatite concentrate with P2O5 content of 36.68%， at recovery of 89.90% was obtained. Infrared spectrometry and surface Zeta measurement showed that sodium oleate was mainly adsorbed on the surface of apatite in the form of chemical adsorption， which reduced the surface dynamic potential of apatite. This results has significant reference for the recovery and utilization of phosphorus resources.
    Optimization of Phosphorus Recovery Process on Iron Tailings by New Room Temperature Collector DJX-6
    南Nan , ZHU Yi-Min, HAN Yue-Xin, CHEN Jin-Xin
    2019, 48(02):  121-124. 
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    The magnetic separation tailings grain size of Baiquan Iron Mine in Hebei Province is relatively coarse， and the yield of -0.074 mm is 30.76%. The useful mineral apatite is mainly enriched in the fine fraction and the dissociation degree is low. In the plant， when the slurry temperature is 37 ℃， the oxidized paraffin soap + fatty acid + MES is used as the collector， and the phosphorus is selected by one roughing three cleaning one scavenging and the middle ore sequence returning to the closed circuit， and the P2O5 grade and recovery rate of 33% and 85% respectively in phosphate concentrate are obtained. In order to solve the problem that the floating phosphorus needs to be warmed and the concentrate index is not ideal， the phosphorus selection test was carried out by using the new normal temperature floating phosphorus collector DJX-6 developed by the relevant research group of Northeastern University. The results show that when the sample has a grinding fineness of 60% -0.074 mm， the flotation temperature is 20 ℃， the pH is 10 （the amount of Na2CO3 is 400 g/t）， and the amount of sodium silicate is 200 g/t， the dosage of DJX-6 is 400 g/t， through one roughing-three cleaning-one scavenging process， the phosphorus concentrate with P2O5 grade of 33.30% and P2O5 recovery rate of 93.36% is finally obtained. Compared with the on-site process， not only the dosage of the agent is greatly reduced， but also the flotation slurry does not need to be heated， and the P2O5 recovery rate of the phosphate concentrate is increased from 85% to 93.36%. Therefore， the use of DJX-6 as a collector in the field of floating phosphorus will greatly reduce energy costs， eliminate the supporting heating system， increase the output of concentrates， and create significant economic benefits for enterprises.
    Experimental Study on Flotation of Magnesite by Novel Collector
    ZHU Yi-Min, SUN Sheng, HUANG Yu-Mei
    2019, 48(02):  125-128. 
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    The effects of modified fatty acid collector DYM-1 on the floatability of single minerals magnesite, dolomite and quartz were investigated, using magnesite single mineral and common gangue minerals dolomite and quartz as research object. Single mineral flotation test results show that at 25 ℃, slurry pH=12.0, DYM-1 dose of 80.0 mg/L, magnesite recovery has reached to 98%, the recovery of dolomite was 73%, the recovery of quartz was 21%, recovery difference value of magnesite with dolomite and quartz is the highest, magnesite and the other 2 kinds of gangue minerals flotation separation effect is best. The spectrum analysis of both DYM-1 and its interaction with single minerals showed that the DYM-1 had hydrogen bond with three single minerals and had chemical adsorption with dolomite surface. The contact angle detection showed that with the dosage increase of DYM-1, the contact angle of magnesite and dolomite increased gradually, and the change rule of the contact angle with the increase of DYM-1 dosage corresponded to the recovery curve.
    Effect of Hydrophobic Carbon Chain Length on Properties of Monoamine Collector Foaming Abilities
    GAO Zi-Hui, ZHU Yi-Min
    2019, 48(02):  129-134. 
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    In order to study the effect of the number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic carbon chain on the performance of the amine collector foaming ability， the aeration method was used to capture the foam volume of dodecylamine， tetradecylamine and hexadecylamine. The parameters such as foam half-life and foam size distribution were also measured. The results show that the order of the agents has biggest foam volume at pH=6.0 from high to low is tetradecylamine>hexadecylamine>dodecylamine. As the number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic carbon chain increases， the interaction between the molecules increases， and the viscosity of the solution increases， so that the half-life of the foam is also greatly increased. The order of t1/2 from large to small is hexadecylamine>tetradecylamine>dodecylamine. When the foam Sauter diameter reach the minimum number， the dosage of agents from low to high is tetradecylamine
    Application of X-ray Sorting Machine in Dajingzi Copper-Zinc Ore
    JU Zhi-Qiang, LI Yan-Jun
    2019, 48(02):  135-140. 
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    The X-ray pre-concentration test of Dajingzi copper-zinc ore by X-ray sorting machine was carried out. The results showed that when the threshold value was 0.09， the copper and zinc grades of the concentrate were obtained after the pre-selection process is 0.90% and 0.73%， the recovery rates of copper and zinc were 99.46% and 98.80%， respectively， and the tailing rate was 18.09%. Compared with the original ore， the copper and zinc grade in concentrate increased by 0.16 and 0.13 percentage points， respectively. The analysis on tailings properties indicate that the copper grade in tailings is 0.028%， the zinc grade is 0.036%， the copper and zinc grades are very low， SiO2 content is 63.13%， Al2O3 content is 14.48%， and TFe content is 7.32%， a small amount of CaO， MgO and K， which indicate that the main component of the tailings is gangue minerals. SEM and EDS tests on the pre-concentrate concentrate show that the pre-concentrate concentrate mainly consist of gangue minerals such as quartz and chlorite. Mainly， the mineral composition particle size is extremely uneven， and the intercalation relationship between minerals is more complicated. After pre-concentration the X-ray sorting machine for Dajingzi copper-zinc ore， the grade of the selected ore can be improved， the amount of waste rock selected can be reduced， and the comprehensive benefit of the plant can be improved.
    Experimental Study on Magnetic Pulse Pretreatment of Gongchangling Magnetite Ore
    QI Shuang-Fei, DU Yan-Qing, HAN Yue-Xin, WANG Li-Bin, SUN Yong-Sheng
    2019, 48(02):  141-144. 
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    The influence of magnetic pulse pretreatment technology on grinding efficiency and separation index of Gongchangling magnetite was studied. Microstructure of samples and dissociation degree of grinding products before and after pretreatment were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy and microscopy. The results show that under the conditions of 39.81 kA/m magnetic field intensity and 5 s pretreatment time, the content of -0.043 mm in the grinding products after pretreatment increases by 4.58 percentage points on average; under grinding time of 9 min, and magnetic separation field intensity of 79.62 kA/m, the TFe grade of the pretreated magnetic concentrate increased by 1.16 percentage points, compared with untreated sample , and the iron recovery increases by 1.21 percentage points on average; under the action of magnetic stress produced by magnetic pulse equipment, the bonding strength of different mineral interfaces in the ore decreases, resulting in cracks, which is beneficial for liberation degree increase in grinding process, and ultimately improving the grinding efficiency and separation index of magnetite.
    Pre-concentration Experiment of Low-grade Hematite Ore from Anqian Mine
    XU Dong-Lin, AN Ya-Xiong, GAO Peng, HAN Yue-Xin
    2019, 48(02):  145-149. 
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    The iron grade of Anqian lean hematite ore is 16.67%. Iron mainly exists in the form of hematite， which accounts for 72.77% of the total iron. Main gangue mineral is quartz. In order to develop and utilize the iron ore， preconcentration experiment was conducted. Results indicated that， by iron enrich process of wet high-intensity magnetic pre-separation-grinding-low intensity magnetic separation-high intensity magnetic separation. At the feeding particle size -3 mm， background magnetic field intensity is 0.8 T， vertical ring speed 2.0 r/min， stroke frequency 200 times/min； grinding particle size -200 mesh 95%， intensity of low intensity magnetic separation is 120 kA/m， intensity of high intensity magnetic separation is 0.8 T， the preconcentration concentrate with TFe grade of 47.04% and recovery of 80.25% was obtained. The results can provide reference for the high intensity pre-separation of poor hematite ore in China.
    Experiment Study on Preconcentration of Weathering Crust Vanadium Titanium Magnetite in Western Liaoning Province
    DONG Zhen-Hai, LI Wen-Bo, LI Yan-Jun
    2019, 48(02):  150-155. 
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    A detailed study on process mineralogy of weathering crust-type vanadium-titanium magnetite in western Liaoning Province was carried out in view of the difficulty in recycling it’s useful minerals. The metal minerals in the ore are mainly magnetite， titanomagnetite， vanadium magnetite， and ilmenite. Non-metallic minerals mainly include feldspar， amphibole and quartz. Among them， titanium and vanadium mainly occur in the form of isomorphism in magnetite， and the distribution relationship of magnetite， ilmenite and gangue minerals is complex， which is difficult to be liberated. The comparative experiments of preconcentration processes were carried out by direct grinding - low intensity magnetic separation preconcentration， coarse particles dry pre-discarding-grinding-low intensity magnetic separation preconcentration， and coarse particles wet pre-discarding-grinding-low intensity magnetic separation preconcentration. The results show that wet pre- discarding-grinding-low intensity magnetic separation is superior to the other two processes in terms of power consumption and recovery index. Under the condition of grinding fineness of -0.074 mm is 70%， the preconcentrated concentrate with V2O5 content of 1.561%， recovery of 60.96%， TFe grade of 40.43% and recovery of 24.83% was obtained， which can meet the requirements of subsequent direct acid leaching and vanadium extraction. The analysis of the concentrate and tailings obtained by the wet pre-discarding- grinding-low intensity magnetic separation process shows that vanadium and titanium replace the iron in the magnetite in the same way as the crystal， so that the preconcentrated concentrate iron grade is low， and the magnetite， titanomagnetite and gangue mineral in the preconcentrated concentrate are complicated and inseparable， and cannot be dissociated by mechanical grinding. Therefore， even if the grinding fineness continues to increase， the total iron grade in the pre-enriched concentrate can only be maintained at about 40% and cannot be continuously improved.
    Fractal Law of Crushed Product under High Voltage Pulse Discharge
    QIN Yong-Hong, GAO Peng, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun
    2019, 48(02):  156-162. 
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    High voltage electric pulse crushing is a new type of crushing technology. Compared with traditional mechanical crushing， it has advantages of low energy consumption， high degree of coarse grain dissociation and low mechanical properties of crushing products.The fractal model of the crushing product size and the relationship between fractal dimension and yield under the screen were established to study the particle size characteristics of high-voltage pulsed discharge crushing products.The results show that as the number of pulses increases， linear regression coefficient increases， fractal dimension decreases， residual sum of squares decreases， and the area of calculated value curve and experimental value curve decreases. As the grain size increases， the linear regression coefficient decreases， fractal dimension increases， and the area enclosed by the calculated value curve and the experimental value curve increases. Fractal law provides a new way to study the particle size characteristics of ore crushing.
    Effects of Grinding Media on the Flotation Behaviors of Sphalerite
    NIE Meng-Yu, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun
    2019, 48(02):  163-167. 
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    The flotation behavior of sphalerite at wet grinding conditions with different grinding mediums (steel ball and ceramic ball) was researched when butyl xanthate was used as collector. The results show that the floatability of sphalerite grinding with ceramic ball is higher than those grinding with steel ball under the same pharmaceutical conditions. The optimum flotation pH of sphalerite is maintained between 4 and 6， it is not affected by the grinding medium. The inhibitory effect of zinc sulfate on sphalerite is also unaffected by the grinding medium. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the influence mechanism of grinding medium on the flotation behavior of sphalerite. The results show that the surface of sphalerite grinding with ceramic ball is relatively flat and the surface is covered with less metal oxide. The surface of sphalerite grinding with steel ball is severely corroded， and the surface is covered with a large amount of white flocculent oxide， which reduces the floatability of the sphalerite. In the wet grinding system of the steel ball， the wear and tear of the steel ball causes a large amount of Fe3+ in the slurry. With the increase of grinding time， Fe3+ and Zn2+ are continuously combined with OH- in the slurry to form metal oxides covering the surface of minerals， which leads to the continuous decrease of metal ion content in the slurry.
    Study on the Crushing and Grinding Process of a Concentrator
    XIAO Han-Xin, TANG Xue-Fei, LIU Jie, LI Yan-Jun, YANG Guang
    2019, 48(02):  168-172. 
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    Aiming at the large crushing capacity of a fine crusher in a concentrator and the coarse grain size of the ball mill feed， by reducing the sieve size of sieve plate in a concentrator， the fine grinding and sieving operation， primary and secondary ball milling classification were examined under the conditions of producing sieve plate （sieve size 14 mm×20 mm） and test sieve plate （sieve size 10.0 mm×40 mm） respectively. The results show that the content of -12.0 mm in fine screening and grading products increased from 88.09% （F95=15.20 mm） to 98.71% （F95=10.31 mm）.When the first stage milling capacity is 295 t/h， 310 t/h and 325 t/h， the particle size content of -0.074 mm in the second stage graded overflow increases from 79.86% to 86.86%， 77.03% to 87.68% and 75.63% to 84.45%， respectively. After the sieve plate was replaced， the particle size of the fine screening product and the secondary graded overflow product are significantly thinner. The optimization of crushing and sieving process gives full play to the crushing ability of crusher and reduces the feed size of ball mill.
    Experimental Study on Stirred Mill in Regrinding Process in Gongchangling Plant
    WANG Yang, GUO Wang, GAO Peng, LI Yan-Jun
    2019, 48(02):  173-177. 
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    The technological mineralogical analysis of regrinding feeding ore in Gongchangling Concentrator shows that the TFe grade is 53.10%， mainly in the form of magnetite， and the content of iron ore in fine grains is high， which indicates that the ore needs to be fully grinded to dissociate the monomer containing iron ore in order to obtain a good separation index. The suitable grinding parameters of stirred mill were studied. The results showed that the suitable grinding parameters were with 75% filling ratio， material to ball ratio is 0.8， grinding concentration is 70% and 6 mm ceramic balls. When the content of grinding product -0.038 mm is above 80%， good economic and technical indexes can be obtained after one stage magnetic separation.
    Processing Mineralogical Genetic Characterization of a Foreign Refractory Iron Ore
    WANG Xun, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun, Yu-Jian-Wen-1
    2019, 48(02):  178-182. 
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    In order to alleviate the contradiction between resources shortages of domestic iron ore resource and increasing demands， implement the globalization development strategy of mineral resource， it was imperative to exploit and develop foreign iron ore resources. The chemical composition， phase composition， occurrence state of element， dissemination relationship and distribution of element of certain foreign iron ore were deeply analyzed by optical microscope， chemical analysis， XRD and SEM analyses. The results show that TFe grade of the ore is 55.88%， and mineral composition is simple. Hematite and limonite are the main useful minerals， and gibbsite is the main gangue. The distribution of hematite is mainly allotriomorphic granular or llotriomorphic–hypidiomorphic granular and the hematite is closely locked with other minerals. Limonite distributed around hematite and show allotriomorphic granular distribution or colloform distribution. Gibbsite is included in iron mineral and mainly be granular and clastic. Since the complex dissemination and fine grain size of minerals， the mineral liberation is hard. SEM-EDS surface photograph of main minerals show that the elements of iron and aluminum are equally distributed and locked closely. And partial aluminum is present in hematite and limonite in the form of isomorphism. Thus the separation of iron and aluminum is hard by physical beneficiation， and it is recommended to use the combined beneficiation-metallurgy process to treat this kind of the ore.
    Process Mineralogy of GravityConcentrate of Anshan Iron Mine
    ZHANG Qi, TANG Xue-Fei, LIU Jie, QIN Yong-Hong
    2019, 48(02):  183-187. 
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    As the iron grade of the gravity concentrate becomes lower in a concentration plant in Liaoning Province， which would not be used as the final concentrate product to integrate into the comprehensive concentrate. Process mineralogy of gravity concentrate is conducted to study in detail from the aspects of chemical composition， element occurrence state， mineral composition， inter-mineral intrusion relationship and continuous relationship， in order to provide guidance for the improvement of the process flow. The results show that the iron grade is 60.62%， and iron in the gravity concentrate is mainly found in hematite and magnetite， and the main gangue mineral is quartz. Iron is mainly distributed in the -0.074 mm grain size. In this grain size the rate of iron distribution is as high as 84.47%， the TFe grade is 64.52%， and iron ore and gangue in gravity concentrate can only be separated by fine grinding. In the combination of useful minerals and gangue， the main combination form is the combination of hematite and gangue， followed by the combination form is the combination of magnetite， hematite and gangue minerals. It was found that the monomer dissociation degree of hematite and magnetite in the sample increased rapidly with the grain size becoming finer. Especially in the -0.045 mm grain size products， the majority of hematite and magnetite particles completed the monomer dissociation. Hematite and magnetite are mainly imbedded with medium and fine grain size. The gangue content in the medium grain size sample is still relatively high， and the content of fine hematite and magnetite is relatively high. Iron mainly occurs in the -0.074 mm grain size. It is suggested that the fine sieving gradation-carrier flotation process is used for experimental research. That is， the gravity concentrate， the product on the screen is returned for re-grinding， the product under the screen enters the flotation and carries fine-grained magnetic separation concentrate to complete recovery.
    Research on Process Mineralogy of a Carbonaceous Rhodochrosite Ore
    WANG Yan, LI Yan-Jun
    2019, 48(02):  188-191. 
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    The useful mineral in a low-grade refractory manganese ore is rhodochrosite， and the manganese grade is 14.50%. In order to provide technique basis for the beneficiation of the ore， the chemical composition， mineral composition and embedding characteristics of the ore were systematically studied by means of optical microscopy， chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the main manganese-bearing minerals in the ore are rhodochrosite， manganite and pyrolusite， of which the content of rhodochrosite is 19.17%； the gangue minerals are mainly quartz， dolomite and sericite， among which the quartz content is 32.05%. The structure characterize of the ore is mainly thin layer structure， flaky structure， massive structure， strip structure and disseminated structure； the structure of minerals in ore is mainly characterized by self-form and semi-self， crystal structure， and the interstitial structure carbonate mineral. The rhodochrosite is mainly occurrences in automorphic， semi-automorphic granular and granular aggregates. Rhodochrosite is produced by fine granular and granular aggregates， interwoven with quartz and muscovite. Quartz is mainly occurrences in the form of automorphic， semi-automorphic with granules in small grain size， intercalated with rhodochrosite， dolomite， chlorite and muscovite.. Dolomite is mainly occurrences in fine granule and granular aggregate， embedded with quartz and mica. The size of the inlaid grain of rhodochrosite is polarized and the distribution rate is higher in the fine fraction. The research results have guiding significance for the formulation of ore sorting process， which can provide reference for the development and utilization of such refractory manganese ore.
    Research on Distribution Characteristics of Induced Magnetic Field of Rhombic Magnetic Matrix Based on Electromagnetic Simulation
    ZHOU Li-Bo, LI Wen-Bo, HAN Yue-Xin
    2019, 48(02):  192-199. 
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    The ANSYS numerical simulation software was used to study the distribution characteristics of the induced magnetic field of rhombic matrix with different characteristic parameters. The numerical simulation results of the induced magnetic field of a single rhombic matrix indicated that the magnetic flux is the magnetic particle adsorption zone， and the magnetic particle exclusion zone is perpendicular to the magnetic field. As the long axis dimension of the magnetic medium increases， the range of the induced magnetic field increases， the magnetic induction intensity decreases， and the effective adsorption area of the magnetic medium decreases.When the long axis dimension is 2.6 mm， the magnetic field gradient and magnetic field force of the medium surface are higher. Numerical simulation results of induced magnetic fields in multiple rhombic matrix composite systems indicated that as the long axis dimension of the medium increases， the interaction of the induced magnetic field between the magnetic media increases， and the larger the long axis dimension of the medium， the smaller the magnetic induction， magnetic field gradient and magnetic force of the magnetic medium surface. As the dielectric gap decreases， the interaction between the magnetic media increases， and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic medium surface increases， but the magnetic field gradient and magnetic field force of the induced magnetic field decrease. The interaction between the magnetic media has no significant effect on the size of the magnetic particle exclusion zone and the adsorption zone.
    Research on Flotation Reagent Flow Prediction Model Based on LM-BP Neural Network
    TANG Xue-Fei, YANG Guang, GAO Peng, ZHANG Chen-Yi
    2019, 48(02):  200-204. 
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    Combining with the actual working conditions of flotation process in concentrator， the key process variables and process indexes of flotation process in site were collected for a long time， and a prediction model of flotation reagent flow based on LM-BP neural network was put forward. The results of data cross-validation show that this method can predict the flotation reagent scheme reasonably make the flotation pulp reach the optimum mineralization state， and then optimize the flotation indicators on the premise that the concentrate grade， recovery and other indicators meet the production requirements. It has a certain reference value for reducing the production cost of flotation process in the plants.