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Table of Content

    15 September 2019, Volume 48 Issue 09
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    Research Progress on Degradation of Organic Mineral Processing Reagents by Advanced Oxidation Technology
    LIN Xiao-Feng, FU Ping-Feng, ZOU Feng-Yu, MA Yan-Hong, FANG Gui-Wen
    2019, 48(09):  1-7. 
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    The environment will be polluted for direct discharge of concentrator wastewaters with refractory organic flotation reagents， and the reuse of untreated wastewater in the grinding or flotation process will affect the separation indexed. Advanced oxidation technologies（AOPs） are one of promising water treatment technologies. In order to promote the application of advanced oxidation technologies in such wastewater treatment， the research progress of degradation efficiency and process principles of organic reagents by ozone and its combined oxidation technology， Fenton oxidation， photochemical oxidation， photocatalytic oxidation， electrocatalytic oxidation and persulfate oxidation for degrading reagents were introduced systematically. And the application prospect of advanced oxidation technology for the treatment of mineral processing wastewater was predicted.
    Progress on Oxidized Lead-Zinc Ore Flotation Methods
    HUANG Chao-Jun, GUO Teng-Bo, LI Kun, LI Shao-Ping, HE Gui-Chun
    2019, 48(09):  8-14. 
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    With the decrease of free-milling lead-zinc sulfide ore resources， the intense demand of market for lead-zinc metal has made the progress on flotation technology of refractory lead-zinc oxide ore. In order to systematically present the progress of flotation technology of refractory lead-zinc oxide ore， the progress of sulfidation flotation technology was summarized from two aspects， including sodium sulfide vulcanization and sulfur vulcanization flotation method. The progress of combined process was summarized from two aspects， including gravity-flotation technology and dressing-metallurgy combination technology. Four aspects， including flocculating flotation， chelating agent flotation， combined collector flotation and combined inhibitor flotation were summarized based on new reagent. Finally， the development direction of flotation technology of lead-zinc oxide ore was prospected.
    Research Progress on Cationic Collector and Their Theoretical of Molecular Structure Design
    LIU Wen-Bao, LIU Wen-Gang, DUAN Hao, PENG Xiang-Yu
    2019, 48(09):  15-21. 
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    Cationic collectors have shown great potential in the separation of silicates， carbonates， potassium salts， metal oxides， and other minerals. Therefore， the research and development of new cationic collectors have been a hot spot in the field of flotation reagents. In this paper， the research progress of cationic collectors at home and abroad was summarized. Compared with foreign countries， the research of cationic flotation in China started late， and although many new cationic collectors have been developed in recent years， the development and industrialization of cationic collectors were slow， which still restricted the promotion of cationic flotation progress. Then， the development of computer-aided flotation reagent molecular structure design was also summarized， and three computer-aided techniques commonly used in flotation reagent research were introduced in detail， which was density functional theory， quantitative structure-activity relationship， and molecular dynamics simulation， respectively. The application of molecular dynamics simulation technology in the research and development of flotation reagent was summarized. On this basis， the shortcomings of current design methods of the flotation reagent molecular structure were analyzed. Combining density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation technology， an efficient design method of the flotation reagent based on the energy criterion was introduced. In order to provide the reference to design new high-efficiency cationic collector， the application prospect and suggestions of this method in the design of cationic collector molecular structure were elaborated.
    Review of the Research Status and Development Trends of the Application of Grinding Aids in Quartz Grinding  
    GAO Wei, WANG Ze-Hong, MAO Yong
    2019, 48(09):  22-27. 
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    Grinding operation plays an important role in the field of mineral processing. The addition of grinding aids is one of the effective methods to improve grinding efficiency， increase mill production capacity， and reduce grinding energy consumption and steel consumption. The influence of common grinding aids and some new grinding aids on quartz grinding both at home and abroad were discussed. The grinding effect could be improved and obtain the product with ideal fineness by adding proper amount of grinding aids. The mechanisms of grinding aids were discussed from the two representative viewpoints of decreasing hardness theory and regulating pulp rheology theory. It was shown that both the hardness of minerals and the rheological properties of slurry would be affected by adding grinding aids. The two theories complement each other， but the dominant was different according to the situation. The addition of grinding aids had different effects on the subsequent separation behaviors. The grinding environment was changed by the addition of grinding aids. The effect of grinding environment on mineral separation and its mechanism were also briefly described. Based on the analysis of the existing literature， the development trends of the application of grinding aids in quartz grinding were summarized from the six aspects which were the selection of grinding aids， the development and application of new grinding aids with high efficiency， the compound of grinding aids， the matching of grinding aids and grinding process parameters， the effect mechanisms of grinding aids and the influence of grinding aids on the separation behavior. The important to study the effect of grinding aids on mineral separation behaviors were also pointed out.
    Study of Cluster Continuous Mining Method with Steeply Inclined Thin Ore Groups Based on Synergistic Mining Theory
    NIE Xing-Xin, GAN Quan, LOU Yi-Bo, GAO Jian, FENG Shan-Shan
    2019, 48(09):  28-33. 
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    Shallow-hole shrinkage mining method is often adopted in mining of steeply inclined thin vein group，the shortcomings of small yield，low efficiency and high labor intensity of the method are existed.Based on synergistic mining theory，the existing thin vein mining methods are analyzed，a new type of cluster continuous mining method is designed，named as deep hole segmentation open stoping continuous mining method with upper post-filling.In this method，the stages are divided into sections，and sections are divided into chambers，no pillar and bottom pillar are left in chambers，and mining operation is carried out in one step，and then filling operation is done.Stoping and filling operations are carried out intervals.Continuous stoping operation is carried out in the same stage with no follow-up operations.In view of the six gold ore veins （named as M5，M6，M7，M8，M9，M10 respectively） of a gold mine in Qinghai Province，a sequential step-by-step continuous recovery sequence is proposed，and the sequence of the recovery is numerically simulated.The analysis results show that the maximum displacement is about 16.8 mm，the maximum principal stress is about 0.076 7 MPa，and the actual plastic zone range is 2~5 m，which can meet the safety requirements.The mining practice results of the mine show that:the mining method has a depletion rate of 9.51%，ore loss rate of 7.98%，production capacity of 96 t/d and stope production capacity of 576 t/d，compared with the ordinary shallow-hole shrinkage mining method (the depletion rate is 13.57%，the ore loss rate is 15.61% and the production capacity of a single chamber is 62 t/d)，the mining method proposed in this paper can effectively improve level of continuous mechanized mining operation，production capacity and stope efficiency effectively，besides that，it can also guarantee the safety and orderly when multiple ore veins are mined at the same time.
    Study on the Optimization of Mining Scheme for Gently Inclined Thin Orebody of Shaiqi River Phosphorite Mine in Yichang City
    LI Peng-Cheng, YE Yi-Cheng, YAO Nan, LUO Bin-Yu, CHEN Chang-Zhao
    2019, 48(09):  34-40. 
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    The study of safe and efficient mining of orebodies under complex topographic conditions is of great significance for releasing the productivity of mine resources.In order to solve the problems of large disturbance to the surface and difficult recovery of pillars caused by room-and-pillar mining，the adaptability of Yichang Shaiqi River Phosphate Mine is studied from two aspects of stope structure and mining sequence based on strip filling mining technology，so as to improve ore recovery and reduce surface disturbance.Firstly，according to the characteristics of in-situ stress under alpine valley terrain，the high and low stress mining areas in the pan area are divided，the zoned stope structure is constructed，and the reasonable width of strip pillars is obtained by introducing the ultimate strength theory；secondly，the strip mining sequences of “two-mining-one” in high stress mining areas and “one-mining-one” in low stress mining areas are designed，and the high and low stress mining is optimized by using FLAC3D numerical software.The mining sequence of the interval is studied，and the stress variation characteristics and surface deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock during the mining process are studied.The study results show that:①the mining sequence from the low stress mining area to the high stress mining area is relatively good，which can alleviate the stress non-uniformity in the high and low stress mining area；②during the whole mining and filling process，the surrounding rock of the stope is relatively stable，and the vertical pressure stress on the pillar is less than its extreme limited compressive strength；③the evolution characteristics of surface subsidence curve under alpine valley topography can be described as “U→V→U→W”，and surface subsidence is effectively controlled；④compared with the traditional room-pillar mining method，the designed strip filling method can effectively increase the ore mining efficiency，it can provide technical guidance for the mining of Shaiqi River Phosphate Mine and the deposits under similar alpine valley terrain.
    Continuous Mining Technique for the Orebody at Sub-regional Intersection under Caving Method
    LI Hai-Ying, REN Si-Tong, DING Hang-Xing, ZHAO Yun-Feng
    2019, 48(09):  41-44. 
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    The sub-regional sublevel caving method was adopted in Xiaowanggou Iron Mine， which is divided into upper， middle and lower mining areas for simultaneous extraction along the direction of ore body. Under the long-term mining disturbance on pillars at the intersection of sub-region， the mining-induced fractures with different damaged condition were generated within the limits of 15~25 m from the boundary of mined-out area， resulting in the drilling pinching and increasing the difficulty of mining construction and recovery in the quasi-mining project. Summarizing the experience of pillar mining in upper and middle mining areas， based on the theory of loose pillar support， and according to the field monitoring results of the caving line at goaf approaching the arch shape and the inclination of the caving angle， the comprehensive technical measures of detecting the boundary of goaf by drilling， adjusting the mining sequence and the direction of mining approach， and increasing the support strength of roadway are put forward for the pillars in the middle and lower mining areas with high goaf height and long bearing time. These measures adapts to the mining-induced fissure condition， and makes the pillars at the boundary of caving zone safe and continuous mining.
    Study of the Law of the Overlying Strata Movement and Deformation Induced by Large-scale Deep Mining
    LU Yu-Gen, WANG Wei-Ping, JIANG Quan
    2019, 48(09):  45-51. 
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    In order to further study the metal mine rocking movement law of caving and surface subsidence law，according to the characteristics of rock caving and surface deformation in large-scale deep caving mining in Dahongshan Iron Mine，the influence of deep mining on rock stratum and surface deformation and the space-time relationship are analyzed.Through the long-term on-site observation data in the mine and the similar simulation test in the laboratory，the process of rock stratum caving，movement and deformation and surface collapse，and the law of “three zones” are revealed.It is pointed out that after the large-scale deep mining of the metallurgical mine in the caving method， a crack-oriented subsidence zone is formed on the surface.It is obvious that there exist caving zones and fissure zones，with un-obvious bending deformation zone.But the deformation process of the rock still has“three-zone damage”feature.The overburden rockfall has undergone three processes in sequence，that is，it firstly presents a positive triangular arched upslide，develops upwards to the surface，and then forms a small-scale collapse，then，it expands around the small-scale collapse point，an open development that presents an inverted triangle.Based on the above discussion results，the deformation characteristics of surrounding rock of deep mine roadway and the cause of the damage are analyzed，and the corresponding controlling measures for the surrounding rock deformation are proposed.
    Experimental Study of Dynamic Characteristics of Backfill under One-dimensional Coupled Static and Dynamic Loads
    ZHANG Yun-Peng, FENG Zhi-Lou, YANG Xi, GAN De-Qing, CHEN Chao, YANG Zhi-Bin
    2019, 48(09):  52-58. 
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    The backfill pillar is inevitably disturbed by the blasting vibration in two-step mining. Investigation on its dynamic characteristics has important theoretical significance and engineering value for realizing safe and efficient mining of two-step pillars. Taking tailings cemented backfill as research object， SHPB dynamic uniaxial impact tests with different strain rates were carried out at different axial compression levels. The dynamic and static combined loading strength， deformation characteristics， energy transfer law and failure mode of backfill under one-dimensional dynamic and static combined loading were analyzed. The results showed that: （1） The dynamic strength of the backfill will first increase and then decrease with the the axial load in the case of approximately the same strain rate. The dynamic strength of the backfill sample will increase with the increase of the strain rate in the case of the same axial load， and both of them have a strong correlation relationship. （2） The stress-strain curve of the backfill is mainly divided into three stages: the elastic stage， the yield stage and the failure stage， and the compaction stage is not clearly appeared in impact tests. What’s more， the backfill is not sensitive under low strain rate. （3） The absorption energy slightly increases with the increase of incident energy. The absorption energy per unit volume increases with the increase of strain rate， and the increment of transmission energy decreases with the increase of incident energy. （4） In the case of conventional SHPB tests， the failure mode of the backfill is tensile failure. The failure mode of the backfill is mainly compression-shear failure in the case of the coupled static and dynamic loads.
    Experimental Study on the Adaptability of Paste-like Filling by Surface Loess in Lvliang Mountain Area
    HUANG Dan, YANG Chao, SHI Cai-Xing, GUO Li-Jie
    2019, 48(09):  59-64. 
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    Most of the bauxite resources in Lvliang mountain area are suitable for underground mining.As the price of bauxite continue to rise，bauxite had the condition of mining with filling.Filling mining is a new topic of mining technology in underground bauxite mine.The red mud waste that is produced during the production of alumina by Bayer process，is not available for large-scale filling in current technical conditions.Because underground bauxite mining engineerings are mostly arranged within the ore-body，the amount of waste-rock is insufficient.Filling mining in underground bauxite mines is faced with the problem of lack of filling aggregate.The exploratory test of filling aggregate is carried out.Loess is selected as the filling aggregate of an underground bauxite mine in Lvliang mountain area.The physical and chemical parameters，grain size analysis，slurry fluidity，bleeding rate and filling strength ratio of cemented loess are tested. The study results show that:①the loess slurry could be pumped into the stopes with past-like form；②industrial test results show that loess can be used as filling aggregate，when the cement-sand ratio is 1∶6，the filling slurry concentration not less than 68% and the bleeding rate is not more than 3%，the loess filled slurry is similar to the properties of paste and 28 d backfill strength not less than 0.8 MPa.The above study results further indicated that the loess filling meets the requirements of backfill strength and filling capacity of the underground bauxite，which is help for solving the problems of lack of filling aggregate and argillation of the watered roof and floor in stopes，besides that，it can also provide important technical support for controlling the ground pressure of bauxite mining and improving the recovery rate.
    Research on Yield-damping Technology of Bolt （Cable） Support Body
    CHEN Xin-Nian, WANG Yun-Qing, FAN Jia-Wei, LI Yong-Qiang-1
    2019, 48(09):  65-70. 
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    For the complex geological conditions such as large buried depth and high ground stress，the existing supporting body can not adapt to the large deformation of the surrounding rock，resulting in the failure of the bolt and cable support to break.Based on the detailed analysis of the mechanism of the yield-damping mechanism of the bolt （cable） support body，the key technology for the yield-damping function of the bolt （cable） support body （yield point and yield distance and shock absorption capacity） is proposed，and the characteristics of single gun barrel and new pressure relief device commonly used in engineering are compared and analyzed.The study results show that:①under the same height of new pressure relief device，the pressure points corresponding to the wall thickness of 3.0 mm and 3.5 mm are 60 kN and 73 kN respectively，and the pressure of the confinement ring is larger，so the larger the wall thickness of the confinement ring，the larger the pressure point;②under the same thickness of the confinement ring，the pressure distance is about 15 mm at a height of 35 mm，and the pressure is about 20 mm at a height of 40 mm，with the increase of the height of the confinement ring，the pressure distance is also increased correspondingly;③when it is subjected to external impact load，its elastic compression capacity can reach 4~5 mm，the ability to absorb shock loads is obvious and the pressure damping effect is remarkable，the compression distance of the single gun barrel is only the 1/2 of the one of new pressure relief device，and the impact deformation at different impact heights is only about 0.5 mm when subjected to external impact loads.There is a significant lack of elastic recovery ability after compression，and the damping effect is not obvious.
    Study on Grindability of Mixed Iron Ore and Optimization of Mineral Processing in Nanfen
    LIU Jun, MOU Jing-Chun, LI Geng-Hui, ZHANG Yong, ZHANG Chun-Tian
    2019, 48(09):  71-77. 
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    The actual selected ore in mixed iron ore beneficiation system of Nanfen concentrator is greatly different in property aspect from the ore which is used for design， resulting in the difficult to reach the design value and a final iron concentrate with iron grade of only about 63% and iron recovery of only about 58%. In order to understand the causes for low throughput of the semi-automatic grinding mill and find out the links in the site process which is obviously not suitable for the properties of the selected ore， the ore grinding characteristics and beneficiation process were studied to provide ideas for process transformation. The results indicated that:①The ore is difficult to be ground， which is the main cause for the low throughput of the semi-automatic grinding mill； ②The insufficiently liberated high-magnetic separation concentrate was forced to discard tailing using spiral sluice gravity-separation， which is the major cause for metal loss； ③Large amounts of gangue and slime liberated from the second stage ball grinding and directly entered the reverse flotation， thus seriously affected the quality improvement and impurity reduction of the reverse flotation， which was the main cause for the low iron grade of the reverse flotation concentrate. On the basis of the research results and combining the reality， the gravity separation by spiral sluice in the original process was canceled on site. Meanwhile， a tailing discarding operation by low intensity magnetic separation and pulsating high gradient high intensity magnetic separation was added between the second stage closed-circuit ball grinding and the reverse flotation. After the process transformation， the site production runs smoothly and the production indexes improves significantly with the concentrate iron grade increasing by 1.98 percentage points and the recovery rate increasing by 6.11 percentage points.
    Studies on Rotary Kiln Reduction Roasting Technology for the Treatment of High Valence Insoluble Manganese Ore Resources
    CHEN Ze-Zong, MAO Yong-Jun
    2019, 48(09):  78-82. 
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    The high valence manganese resources （MnO2） have the characteristics of low solubility， while the low valence ones （MnO） are easily dissolved in acidic solution. The feasibility using rotary kiln reduction roasting technology to treat various high valence insoluble manganese resources was studied. The experimental results indicated that the technical conditions of dynamic roasting experiments in a pilot rotary kiln were consistent with that of the static roasting experiments. With the roasting temperature of 800 ℃， the roasting time of 60 min， and reductant dosage of 15%， the leaching efficiency of manganese from the domestic low-grade manganese and electrolytic manganese anode mud were 94.13% and 99.59%， respectively； With the roasting temperature was 950 ℃， the roasting time was 60 min， and the reductant dosage was 15%， the leaching efficiency of manganese from the imported high-grade manganese was 96.59%. The results confirmed that rotary kiln reduction roasting technology was adoptable for the treatment of different types of high valence manganese resources.
    Optimization of Recovery Effect of Associated Copper and Zinc in a Tungsten Ores in Jiangxi
    LIU Shi-Dong, PENG Hui-Qing, XIE Gang-Bing, ZHANG Ying
    2019, 48(09):  83-86. 
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    A tungsten ore in Jiangxi is associated with Tin， copper and zinc， which were enriched by gravity-concentration. After floating with mixed concentrate， the comprehensive sulfide ore containing copper and zinc was obtained. With grinding fineness of -200 mesh 43.72% after treating with ball grinding and spiral classifier， copper concentrate was obtained only with copper grade 18.92%， zinc grade 4.29%， and copper recovery rate 96.77%; Zinc concentrate was obtained with zinc grade 33.17%， copper grade 2.79%， and zinc recovery rate 21.97%. The copper-zinc separation effect was not ideal on account of the low monomer liberation degree. High-frequency vibrating fine screen， instead of spiral classifier， was used to solve the problem on the basis of on-site exploration tests and analysis of the reason for the low monomer liberation degree. On the condition that the hole width of high-frequency vibrating fine mesh screen was 0.125 mm and feeding fineness of sample in the flotation was -200 mesh 70.58%， copper grade reached 25.46%， zinc grade reduced to 2.51%， and copper recovery rate increased to 98.28% with copper concentrate; Zinc grade reached 45.50%， copper grade reduced to 0.82%， and zinc recovery rate increased to 57.43% with zinc concentrate. Copper concentrate was upgraded from the fourth grade to the second grade and copper recovery rate increased by 1.51 percentage points; Zinc concentrate was upgraded from the nonconforming products to the seventh grade and zinc recovery increased by 35.46 percentage points. The improvement of production indexes， economic and environmental benefits of the company were very significant.
    Experimental Research on a Spodumene Flotation in Australia
    CHEN Yong, CHANG Bao-Qian, LI Heng, YANG Jian-Guo
    2019, 48(09):  87-91. 
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    Aiming at the problem of selectivity deterioration with spodumene in Australia due to weathering， flotation tests were carried out on the basis of the process mineralogy. The results showed that when the grinding fineness is -74 μm of 74%， and the dosing and flotation temperature are both about 25 ℃， easy-floating minerals were floated using one-time flotation process（The dosage of sodium carbonate is 1 500 g/t and the dosage of naphthenic acid soap is 20 g/t）. Two roughing-two cleaning flotation process was adopted for lithium minerals（The dosage of sodium hydroxide， calcium chloride， -YS07 and diesel oil are 900 g/t， 170 g/t， 756 g/t， and 100 g/t， respectively， in roughing one. The dosage of sodium hydroxide， calcium chloride and -YS07 are 100 g/t， 30 g/t， 50 g/t， respectively， in roughing two.）. Finally， lithium concentrate with Li2O grade of 5.58% and recovery rate of 82.11% was obtained.
    Pre-selection Test and Practice of a Antimony Ore Using the X-ray Intelligent Concentrator
    PENG Wei, HE Peng-Yu
    2019, 48(09):  92-97. 
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    The recovery of antimony in the dressing mill of Hunan Zhazixi antimony mine was achieved by two stage crushing with one closed circuit， manual sorting and discarding with ores over 80 mm， grinding and flotation separating process. However， the manual sorting efficiency is low and the accuracy is poor. Besides， a large number of waste ores in the intermediate product（80~12 mm） between prescreening and rescreening double layer screen couldn't be discarded timely， which goes against sufficient and high-efficient recovery of antimony， quality upgrading and capacity expansion， cost decreasing and benefit increasing of company. In order to solve these problems， the XRT-1200 X-ray intelligent concentrator was used to carry out the pre-separation and discarding tests of ore samples with the same particle size as the intermediate products of double screen， and the scene process was reformed in stages after the success of the test. Laboratory tests showed that: ①XRT-1200 X-ray intelligent concentrator has strong adaptability to sample quality and particle size， and the grade of antimony in waste ores is significantly lower than the controlled grade of setting manual selection. The recovery of lump antimony concentrate by pre-selecting is over 98.50%.②When the controlled grade of manual sorting reduced from 0.20% to 0.12%， the XRT-1200 X-ray intelligent concentrator can throw out the waste ores with yield of 49.41% and antimony grade of 0.08% in the case of the feeding quantity 40 t/h， the feeding grade of antimony 1.50% and the nominal feeding size 70~15 mm. The antimony grade of the waste ores is lower than the antimony grade of the flotation tailings by 0.09 percentage point. ③After the transformation， the dressing mill can achieve the direct benefit of 4.953 5 million yuan per year and significant social benefit. Therefore， XRT series X-ray intelligent concentrator is a kind of new， efficient and intelligent pre-separation equipment for lump ores.
    Effect of Ca2+ on Flotation Behavior of Magnesite
    XI Yue, DAI Shu-Juan, ZHANG Zuo-Jin
    2019, 48(09):  98-101. 
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    In order to eliminate as much as possible the effect of unavoidable ions Ca2+ on the flotation of magnesite， the influence of Ca2+ on flotation behavior of magnesite and mechanism analysis under sodium oleate flotation system were investigated through pure mineral flotation experiments， Ca2+ flotation solution chemistry calculations and infrared spectroscopy analysis. The results indicated: ①Under the sodium oleate flotation system， Ca2+ showed a strong inhibitory effect on magnesite flotation in the case of pH of slurry between 7 and 12， and the inhibition effect strengthened with the increase of Ca2+ concentration. ②Ca2+ in the slurry is the main component which inhibited the flotation of magnesite. ③Under alkaline conditions in which pH=10， hydrophilic hydroxyl absorption peak was found on the surface of magnesite， which confirmed the adsorption of Ca2+ on the surface of magnesite.
    Research on Grinding Medium Optimization for the Primary Mill in Jianshan Iron Mine of TISCO
    WANG Ze-Hong, GAO Wei, LIU Gao-Feng
    2019, 48(09):  102-106. 
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    A systematic study was carried out on the suitable medium ratio of the primary mill in Jianshan Iron Mine of TISCO for optimizing the grinding-classification operation， fully tapping the potential of mill， reducing the grinding consumption， and realizing sustainable development of the enterprise. The results indicated that it got the best grinding effect for primary mill when the medium mass ratio was 35%∶25%∶20%∶20% corresponding to the ball diameter of [?]120 mm， [?]110 mm， [?]80 mm， and [?]60 mm. The grinding effect of forging ball was better than that of casting ball. Compared with field data， the utilization coefficient of mill either for raw material or for new generation of -0.074 mm was increased more than 4%. The expected target was fulfilled.
    Study on Process Mineralogy of a Copper-Cobalt Ore in Congo（Kinshasa）
    FAN Hai-Bao, LI Song-Jiang
    2019, 48(09):  107-112. 
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    The process mineralogy study of a copper-cobalt ore in Congo（Kinshasa） was carried out to supply the essential data for the exploitation and utilization. The results indicated that the copper grade in the ore is 3.12% and the cobalt grade is 0.15%. Copper mainly exists in the form of chalcocite， cuprite and malachite， and cobalt mainly exists in the form of heterogenite and psilomelane. Gangue minerals in the ore are mainly quartz， sericite chlorite and so on. Dissemination granularity of malachite and silica-malachite are coarse and uneven， mainly ranging from 0.04 mm to 0.64 mm； Dissemination granularity of chalcocite is medium and well-distributed， mainly ranging from 0.02 mm to 0.32 mm； Dissemination granularity of cuprite is similar to that of chalcocite， mainly ranging from 0.02 mm to 0.32 mm； Dissemination granularity of heterogenite is well-distributed， mainly ranging from 0.02 mm to 0.16 mm. Most of the useful minerals are irregularly distributed in granular form， and complex intergrowth relationship exists in the minerals. The theoretical recovery of copper sulfide and cuprite concentrate is about 50%， and that of copper oxide concentrate is about 41%； The theoretical recovery of cobalt in copper sulfide and cuprite concentrate is about 2%， that of cobalt oxide concentrate is about 50%. Cobalt dispersed in siltstone is about 30% of total cobalt.
    Gravity-CSAMT Integrated Metallogenic Prediction of the Bauxite Deposit in Yushan-Lizhuangzhai Area，Henan Province
    YANG Rui-Xi, XU Guo-Li, CHU Lu-Kai, CAI Zhong-Ming, LIU Bai-Shun
    2019, 48(09):  113-122. 
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    Yushan-Lizhuangzhai Area is located in the south of North China block，belongs to the east part of the bauxite（clay）-rich metallogenic belt in Shanxian-Mianchi-Xin'an area.It is the most important metallogenic area of bauxite deposit with high quality in Henan Province.In order to comprehensively understand the bauxite resources potential in Henan Province，gravity survey，controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric measurement （CSAMT），transient electromagnetic measurement （TEM），seismic measurement and high precision magnetic survey on the surface are adopted，and the geophysical prospecting tests for deep bauxite deposit are carried out.The test results show that gravity survey has a good result on circling the tectonic structures，and the bauxite deposits are generally distributed on the transient belt between the high gravity belt and the low gravity belt； CSAMT survey can reflect the fluctuation of the Ordovician limestone beddings，which can help to judge accurately the spatial distribution of the concealed bauxite orebodies.According to the test results，gravity survey and CSAMT survey are adopted to conduct integrated metallogenic prediction of the study area.The metallogenic prediction study results indicated that:①in the study area，the bauxite deposits are mainly distributed in the depression areas near the margins of the paleo-uplifts，the bauxite deposits occur on the unconformity surface of Lower Paleozoic Ordovician carbonate rocks，strictly controlled by karst landforms，the erosion surface with different size depressions and funnels are the locations of the bauxite orebodies；②2 large-scale bauxite deposit areas are submitted in Houling and the north of Lizhuangzhai in Mianchi County，as well as a deep prospecting target area in Lizhuangzhai，among of them，3 bauxite orebodies are discovered in the north of Lizhuangzhai with a resources reserves 56.830 2 million tons，2 orebodies in Houling with a resources reserves 95.673 5 million tons，Lizhuangzhai orebodies are buried in a depth of 300~700 m and the area is a good target for further exploration；③through the above-mentioned geophysical tests and drilling verification results，it is determined that the geophysical methods for deep bauxite deposits prospecting predication in Henan Province are gravity survey and CSAMT measurement，the former can be used to circle the bauxite metallogenic favorable area，while the latter can be adopted to determine the spatial characteristics of the concealed bauxite orebodies.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Prospect of Dazhuyuangou W-Mo Deposit in Luanchuan County，Henan Province
    LI Wan-Zhong, FANG Huai-Bin, CHAI Zhong-Yang, LI Ke-Ying
    2019, 48(09):  123-131. 
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    The Dazhuyuangou tungsten-molybdenum ore district is located at the junction of the southern margin of the North China block and the Qinling fold system，and the north side of the North Qinling structural belt.The ore-forming zone is located in the Au-Mo-rutile mineralization zone of the East Qinling metal-nonmetal mineralization belt in the Qinling-Dabie metallogenic province，which is a favorable area for finding tungsten-molybdenum polymetallic ore.Combined with results of 1∶50 000 high-precision magnetic measurement and 1∶50 000 water sediment measurement results，the regional metallogenic geological background is analyzed.In order to find out the geological mineralization conditions and the mineralization characteristics of the middle and deep areas in the mining area，systematic survey and exploration works such as the 1∶10 000 geological survey，1∶10 000 soil geochemical exploration and exploration of pit and drilling are carried out.With combination of geophysical and geochemical anomalies and ore-prospecting，the study results show that:①the tungsten-molybdenum ore deposit is mainly controlled by structure and rock mass，and the granodiorite porphyry body provides a mineral source for mineralization，the ore-bearing rocks are quartz schist of Kuanping Group and granodiorite porphyry，and often form ore-rich bodies in structural parts of faults or folds；②main body of the tungsten-molybdenum deposit is porphyry deposit，porphyry-type ore body is formed in the granodiorite porphyry in the inner contact zone，fine vein-like，disseminated tungsten-molybdenum ore body is formed in the outer contact zone of the quartz schist；③five large tungsten-molybdenum ore bodies are initially delineated in the mining area，the I1，I2， and I3 ore bodies occur in the quartz schist of the Kuanping Group，which is the quartz schist-type tungsten-molybdenum ore body，and the II1 and II2 ore bodies occur in the contact zone between the granodiorite porphyry and the quartz schist of Kuanping Group，which is a porphyry tungsten-molybdenum ore body；④three tungsten-molybdenum prospecting targets are delineated in the mining area （named as A，B and C），by engineering verification，there are hidden granodiorite porphyry bodies and multiple groups of tungsten-molybdenum ore bodies in the deep part of the project area，and two ore bodies of I1 and II1 in target area A are estimated，in which the （3341） resources reached a medium size.Based on the ore-forming geological conditions，sources of ore-forming materials and similar types of deposits in the mining area，it is considered that there are large prospecting potential in the middle and deep areas of Dazhuyuangou area，which is worthy of further investigation.
    Metallogenic Geological Condition and Prospecting Model of the Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit in the Bianqiangli Area，Inner Mongolia
    LI Jin-Xi, FANG Huai-Bin, CAO Yu-Gang, HUANG Zheng-Jiang, CHENG Yuan-Qiu, ZHAO De-Xin, GAO Qiang
    2019, 48(09):  132-140. 
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    Bianqiangli mining area is located in the eastern of Variscan eugeosyncline fold belt of Inner Mongolia-Great Khingan fold system，it is distributed in Haobugao-Aonaodaba Cu-Pb-Zn metallogenic belt in Inner Mongolia，especially for the NW-oriented and NE-oriented fault tectonic development zones are favorable for mineralization.A number of large and medium-sized mineral deposits such as Shuangjianzishan super-large hydrothermal deposit and Haobugao skarn type copper polymetallic deposit have been found in the metallogenic belt.In order to further study the metallogenic geological conditions and metallogenic regularity of the metallogenic belt，based on the 1∶50 000 regional geological survey，Bianqiangli mining area is selected to conduct geological work，to be specific，1∶10 000 geological sketch survey， 1∶10 000 electrical measurement，1∶25 000 soil profile measurement and trough engineering are conducted in the area.The geological survey data obtained from the mining area are studied comprehensively，the results show that:①eight mineralization belts are delineated in the mining area，they are located at the structural alteration zone，ranging from 20 m to 550 m in length，the width is 0.6~8.0 m，the alteration types related to mineralization are mainly for silicification，galena mineralization，sphalerite mineralization and brass mineralization；②four orebodies are delineated，among them，two lead orebodies，one Ag-Pb orebody，one Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn orebody，deposit genesis belongs to tectonic hydrothermal type deposit，the orebodies are distributed with the shapes of vein， lenticular， ribbon，etc.；③the mineralized zone is strictly controlled by geological structures，they are distributed with the shapes of ribbon and vein in NW and NE direction，the secondary toughness-ductile brittle structure zone are favorable positions for ore controlling and storage；④ten soil geochemical geochemical anomalies and five IP anomalies are delineated in the mining area，the two kinds of anomalies are matched with each other，eight mineralized zones and four orebodies are distributed in geophysical and geochemical anomalies.Based on the above discussion results，according to the characteristics of deposits and geophysical and geochemical anomalies，the integrated prospecting model is established，based on the guidance of the model，three prospecting target areas （named as B1，B2 and B3） are delineated in the mining area，among them，B2 area can be taken as the most promising area，the orebodies with mining valuable can be found by further work in the mining area；besides that，according to the prospecting results by ground engineering，it is predicted that prospective lead and zinc resources of the mining area can be reached above medium level.
    Geological Characteristics and Genesis of Xiangtang Iron Deposit in Maanshan City，Anhui Province
    HUANG Tao
    2019, 48(09):  141-146. 
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    Xiangtang Iron Deposit in Maanshan City is located at the southeast margin of Nanshan Iron Deposit，which is distributed at the south section of Ningwu Mesozoic volcanic basin.Xiangtang Iron Deposit is located at 16 km to the 120° direction of Maanshan City，it is about 8 km away from Xiangshan Town in Maanshan City.Based on the related geological working results of the mining area，the deposit geological characteristics and genesis are studied.The study results show that:①Xiangtang Iron Deposit is a typical high-medium temperature gas-liquid metasomatism type porphyrite deposit，it belongs to “Taocun type” iron deposit in porphyrite series，a total of 17 iron orebodies are found in the mining area，they are mainly occurring in pyroxene diorite porphyrite rock mass；②the ore minerals are mainly for magnetite，followed by pseudomorphic hematite，hematite and lignite，and a small amount of specularite and siderite，most of the natural ores are diorite porphyrite disseminated magnetite ores.Based on the above discussion results，the further discussion results indicated that:①pyroxene diorite （porphyrite） rock mass of Dawagnshan cycle is the prospecting rock indicator for porphyrite iron deposit；②the intersecting position of fault structures，breccia structure and zonal shrinkage fracture zone are the important structural prospecting indicators for “Taocun type” iron deposit；③the surrounding rock alteration is strongly developed and the alteration zoning characteristics is obvious，which are the favorable prospecting indicators in the mining area；④the characteristic vein body or mass is an important clue to search for deep and lateral porphyrite iron deposit；⑤magnetic anomaly and gravity anomaly are the favorable indirect indicators for the exploration of iron deposits in the mining area.
    Study on the Construction of Fine Open-pit Mine Terrain Model Based on TIN
    WANG Chen-Xu, HU Yin-Cui- , WANG Chong-Chang, TIAN Bing, WANG Tian-Yu, ZHANG Wen-Jing
    2019, 48(09):  147-153. 
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    Accurately constructing the three-dimensional terrain of the open-pit mine and objectively reflecting the dynamic characteristics of the open-pit mine during the mining process are great significance for improving the efficiency and information level of the open-pit mine production management.According to the characteristics of the open-pit mine terrain，an improved modeling method was proposed based on the convex hell algorithm.In this method，the three-dimensional terrain fine model was optimized by using spatial features as constraints.Based on the three-dimensional terrain fine model，this article further proposed an improved algorithm for earthwork calculation against the limitation of three-dimensional volume calculation in geographic information software ArcGIS.Taking Baojixier open-pit mine as the experimental area，according to the the survey data of the topographical parts，the 3D terrain fine model construction verification experiment was carried out.The experimental results show that the modeling method can improve the construction efficiency of the 3D terrain model， and optimize the 3D terrain model with the edge as the focus which improves the geometric accuracy of the model.By comparing and analyzing the volume change and shape change of the three-dimensional terrain model of open-pit mine in different periods，it provides a basis for quantitative evaluation of open-pit mine mining situation.
    Development and Application of Geological Prediction System for Comprehensive Ore Blending
    WANG Cong-Lin, YIN Zhi-Wei, DENG Yong-Qian, YANG Bing-Yang
    2019, 48(09):  154-159. 
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    In order to timely，efficiently and accuratly obtaining the key information，such as geological grade information，regional plan，borehole，profile data and perforation grade information，the geological prediction system for comprehensive ore blending is developed integrally based on GPS，GIS，mobile 4G technology and CAD software，ArcGIS software and geo-survey and mining software，so as to provide field ore blending guidance for geological workers to realize the functions of on-site location of ore blending，on-site drawing viewing，real-time viewing of geological grade information and perforated grade information，on-site delineation of ore-rock boundary，etc.The overall architecture design and functional design of the system are analyzed in detail，besides that，the application effects of the system is analyzed based on the on-site practice of Nanshan Mine.The study results show that through the system，the key information can be obtained in real time at the ore blending on-site，the precise demarcation of ore and rock boundaries can be realized，besides that，the maximum fluctuation range of raw ore grade from the target grade can be lowered.
    Development and Application of Intelligent Control System for Ore Quality
    WANG Xue-Song, XU Zhen-Yang, LI Xiao-Shuai, NING Yu-Ying, PAN Bo
    2019, 48(09):  160-166. 
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    In view of the unstable quality of ore supply in open-pit metal mines and in response to the needs of developing the intelligent mines， an intelligent ore quality control system with the combination of terrain generation and ore blending calculation was developed. The terrain generating function of the system is compiled in C++ language， and the regional skeleton structure and topographic filling are completed by using Open GL visualization platform. The grade updating of mining status model and mineral quantity statistics are realized， thus providing a basis for ore quality control. According to the requirement of ore quality optimization， the ore blending problem is described by multi-objective function， the mathematical model is constructed， and the optimization scheme is solved by genetic algorithm. The optimized scheme is displayed in the three-dimensional model system. On the basis of optimizing ore quality， the digitized and intelligent management of mine is achieved. It has important practical significance for large and medium-sized open-pit metal mines.
    Mechanical Analysis and Experimental Research of Mobile Wet Vibrating String Cyclone Dust Collector for Mine
    LI Gang, WANG Yun-Min, JIN Long-Zhe
    2019, 48(09):  167-171. 
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    Based on the traditional wet dust collector with the shortcomings of low dust removal efficiency and high resistance in the application of dust removal system for underground mine， a mobile wet vibrating string cyclone dust collector， which is well adapted for dust removal system of mine， was researched. The structural， working principle and dust collection mechanism of the dust removal device were introduced， and experimental research on its dust removal efficiency and resistance characteristics were carried out. The analysis of dust removal mechanism showed that the dust collector has made use of the theory of spray and dust suppression， the theory of vibrating string trapping and the theory of swirling dust removal. Four stage dust removal technology including water mist， water droplet， water film and swirling makes the contact area between droplet and dust airflow wide， the contact time long， and the efficiency of dust collection high. The experimental results showed that considering the factors of dust removal efficiency and resistance， the optimal wind speed is 10~12 m/s， which realized the total dust removal efficiency more than 98%， the respirable dust removal efficiency more than 96%， and the resistance less than 700 Pa. The dust removal system has broad application prospects in underground mine.
    Dynamic Stability Analysis of Mining-induced Foundation Tailings Reservoir under Fluid-solid Coupling
    WANG Jun, LANG Jun-Biao, LI Gang, GAO Qian, ZHANG Jun-Ning
    2019, 48(09):  172-178. 
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    The mechanism and discriminant formula of foundation liquefaction under vibration are deduced by means of effective stress theory analysis and dynamic pore pressure stress-strain model. Combining FLAC3D with Finn model， the fluid-solid coupling calculation are made. FISH language was adopted to write the formula of the excess pore pressure ratio to judge the foundation liquefaction during earthquake. According to the variation of stress-strain， pore pressure and excess pore pressure ratio， the change of the saturation surface of the initial dam is analyzed， and whether the foundation is liquefied considering seepage is analyzed in detail. The pore pressure， acceleration， settlement displacement and excess pore pressure ratio at different locations are obtained， and functional relationship between excess pore pressure ratio and overlying strata pressure was achieved by regression. The above analysis provides a reference basis for the safe operation of the tailings reservoir， provides important basic data for the construction and use of the tailings reservoir in the later stage， and summarizes the relationship between excess pore pressure ratio and overburden pressure by means of linear regression. All these provide a convenient method for quickly judging the liquefaction area of the tailings reservoir.
    Construction of Minimalist Foundation Stability Evaluation Index System for Abandoned Goaf
    GUO Qing-Biao, LI Ying-Ming, WANG Liang, 吕Xin
    2019, 48(09):  179-184. 
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    The residual deformation of foundation in an abandoned goaf threatens the safety operation of the proposed project， and the foundation stability evaluation is required before its development and utilization. However， the current foundation stability evaluation index system is complicated，which can easily lead to unscientific and unreasonable evaluation results. In view of this， this paper takes the Wuyun expressway construction as an example，which is located above the abandoned goaf of Guhanshan Mine and Wucun Mine in Henan Province.First of all，according to the four principles of uniqueness，purpose，feasibility and observability， qualitative screening is conducted.Secondly，screened quantitatively is conducted based on the theory of improved grey relational degree，and then a minimalist stability evaluation system suitable for Wuyun expressway construction foundation is established.The effectiveness and reliability of established minimalist stability evaluation system is analyzed by using the validity coefficient and correlation coefficient.Wuyun expressway construction foundation is convicted in a basically stable state by using the proposed minimalist stability evaluation system，and the evaluation result is consistent with those of other evaluation index systems，confirming its accuracy. Because the minimalist stability evaluation system only contains three main indicators，it can greatly reduce the calculation burden of the system and simplify the evaluation process.
    Study on Suppressing and Stabilizing Effect of Water-based Polymers on Iron Concentrate Powder
    SU Lu-Lu, LIU Peng, ZHANG Fu-Qiang, HAN Hao, YANG Hong-Jian, YIN Fu-Xing
    2019, 48(09):  185-188. 
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    To control the dust emission of iron concentrate powder, chemical components, crystal structure, Zeta potential, SEM morphology and moisture content of Yanshan iron ore concentrate powder were investigated with water-based polymers dust suppressant. The suppressing efficiency in wet and stabilizing effect in dry were discussed. The results showed that dust suppressant promoted agglomeration of particles via crosslinking and H-bonding, improved the moisturizing ability of iron concentrate powder and thus effectively reduced wind erosion. At the temperature of 30 ℃, relative humidity of 35% and polymer dosage of 0.5%, the average moisture content was increased by 1.4 times compared with watering, and at wind rate of 9.5 m/s, the estimated suppressing efficiency in handling and open yard reached 71.43% and 94.86%, respectively. Cohesive forces of aggregates enhanced by polymers, and compressive strength was 0.91 MPa after 28 d, which was 10.6 times of the watering samples. Iron concentrate powder was sealed with dense aggregates surface, which saved water and suppressed dust over half a year. No harmful elements and impurities were induced by polymers. No adverse impacts which influences the future use were caused for the quality of iron concentrate raw materials.
    Study on Degradation of Xanthate-containing Mining Wastewater by Molybdenum Ion Doped g-C3N4 Nanosheet Photocatalyst
    XUE Chuang, WANG Jian, YANG Zhuang, GAO Xing-Xing, MA Yi-Wen, WANG 恩Lei, ZHAO Tong-Lin, TAO Dong-Ping
    2019, 48(09):  189-194. 
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    Pure phase g-C3N4 was synthesized by thermal polymerization， and Mo/g-C3N4 two-dimensional nanosheets were prepared by ball milling combined with air oxidation etching by use of X-ray diffractometer（XRD）， scanning electron microscope（SEM）， X-ray diffraction spectroscopy（EDS）， Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）， UV-visible absorption spectroscopy（UV-Vis）and photoluminescence spectroscopy（PL） to characterize Mo/g-C3N4 two-dimensional nanosheets. The results show that Mo ions are successfully doped into the two-dimensional g-C3N4 nanosheet lattice， which broaden spectral response range and improve quantum transmission efficiency. The photocatalytic degradation activity of two-dimensional Mo/g-C3N4 nanosheets was explored by simulating the ore dressing wastewater with isobutyl sodium xanthate solution. The results showed that the degradation rate of isobutyl sodium xanthate was 90.12% by Mo/g-C3N4 nanosheets under the conditions of pH=7， initial concentration of xanthate 50 mg/L and degradation time of 6 h，by five times circulation，the degradation rate can also up to 81.2%.The photocatalysis stability of Mo/g-C3N4 is well.
    Experimental Study on Recovery of Fluorite by Flotation from the Tailings of Tungsten Flotation at Room Temperature in Hunan Province
    LONG Bing
    2019, 48(09):  195-199. 
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    A large scale tungsten-molybdenum-bismuth polymetallic ores in Hunan Province contains a large amount of fluorite. After Mo-Bi iso-flotation，Bi-S mixing flotation and tungsten “GY” flotation method at room temperature on the site， the grade of CaF2 from roughing tailings is 20.54% and -200 mesh accounting for 82.0%. Fluorite is the major useful mineral with uneven particle size which is mainly medium-fine grain size， and closely associated with major gangue minerals such as quartz and calcite. In order to determine the recovery process of fluorite， flotation research was carried out. The results showed that with Na2CO3 as slurry pH regulator and slime dispersant， acidized sodium silicate as inhibitor of gangue minerals， BK410 as collector， using one-roughing， two-scavenging， six-cleaning and middles back to the closed circuit in turn， fluorite concentrate with CaF2 grade of 93.46% and recovery of 62.13% was obtained. The fluorite recovery system determined from the experiments runs smoothly and reliably. Under the condition of CaF2 with feeding grade of 21.20%， the concentrate of CaF2 with grade of 90.17% and recovery rate of 59.72% was obtained. The new system not only improves the utilization rate of resources， but also creates remarkable economic benefits for enterprises.
    Effect of Modified Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Nickel Slag-based Geopolymer
    DI Mu-Nan, ZHU Hua-Jun, LIANG Guang-Wei, WU Qi-Sheng, GAO Sheng, HUA Su-Dong
    2019, 48(09):  199-200. 
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    The nickel slag-based geopolymer was prepared by alkali activators and the effect of self-made modified fly ash （MFA） on the mechanical properties of geopolymer was investigated. XRD， IR and SEM test techniques were adopted to study microstructure and properties of the products. The results showed that: the addition of MFA is beneficial to the mechanical properties improvement of nickel slag-based geopolymer. The best effect occurs with the replacement of 20% MFA. After maintaining at 50 ℃ for 7 days， the flexural strength and compressive strength of geopolymer increased by 32.0% and 20.2%， respectively. β-C2S on the surface of MFA particles took part in the reaction， which helped to produce more gel phase. Therefore， the structure compactness of geopolymer was improved and the cementation ability with the MFA particle surface production were enhanced. Meanwhile， the introduction of the calcium sources is beneficial to the dissolution of MFA in the alkali solution and accelerates the reaction rate of the system.