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    15 April 2020, Volume 49 Issue 04
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    Research Progress on Energy Evolution Characteristics of Loaded Rocks
    JI Hong-Guang, SU Xiao-Bo, QUAN Dao-Lu, ZHANG Gai-Gai, CHEN Dong-Sheng, ZHANG Tong-Zhao
    2020, 49(04):  1-9. 
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    As a kind of "macro variable" describing "macro system"，energy has clear physical meaning and rich amount of information. Behind the energy evolution，there contains not only the information of the energy storage state of the rock itself，but also the damage and fracture information of the rock structure. In the deep strata，the characteristics of rock energy evolution under mining disturbance will be more obvious，and the instability or failure of rock mass driven by energy will occur more frequently. In order to further study the characteristics of energy evolution of loaded rocks，it is necessary to sort out the current research progress. The energy distribution mode of loaded rock are summarized，on the basis of which the energy use of each component is analyzed. The effects of rock self-factors and external conditions on the characteristics of rock energy evolution are considered. The self-factors of rock include the soft and hard of rock，the homogeneous materials or not，the complete structure or not；the external conditions include the influence of confining pressure condition，unloading condition and loading rate. Finally，it is pointed out that the current research on the evolution of rock loaded energy is still developing，so it is necessary to open up new test ideas，create new test methods，and further excavate the rich amount of in? formation behind the energy.
    Analyzing and Controlling the Stope Stability from Open-Pit to Underground Mining in Qinglonggou Gold Mine
    Zhao-Xing-Dong, LI Huai-Bin, Zhang-Shu-Jing, YANG Xiao-Ming, ZHANG Tian-Hang
    2020, 49(04):  10-14. 
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    Taking the underground mining transferred from open-pit in Qinglonggou gold mine as the engineering back ground，the scan-line survey method is employed to make engineering geological investigation and obtain the discontinuity in formation，and rock mechanics testing in laboratory were carried out to classify the rock mass and estimate their properties ac cordingly. The Mathews stability graph method is adopted to calculate that the maximum unsupported lengths of roof，hanging wall and footwall are 52.5 m，35.84 m and 12.11 m respectively. The maximum possible exposure length of the stope is set to 34 m by considering the geological and underground mining conditions. A FLAC3D software was employed to make numerical simulation on the stope structural parameters. The simulation results show that there was a large range of plastic failure at the footwall，which is consistent with that of the stability graph method. The cable bolt support scheme of footwall was put forward by using the empirical method to determine the support parameters of the stope. The numerical analysis on the cable bolt sup port of the stope showed that the the maximum horizontal displacement and the range of plastic zone in the footwall decreased significantly after installing the cable bolt support system. The designed support scheme can ensure the stability of the foot wall. This research provides a reference for determining the stope structural parameters and selecting the support pattern in similar mines.
    Prediction on Rheological Parameters of Pasty Backfilling Slurry based on Mini-slump Mould and Consistency Funnel
    PEI Dian-Fei, Song-Ze-Pu, Qi-Zhao-Jun, Jiang-Hai-Qiang, Wu-Zai-Hai
    2020, 49(04):  15-19. 
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      The accurate determination of the rheological parameters of the backfilling slurry is the key to the reasonable evaluation of the pipeline transportation characteristics. At present，the rheological parameters of the backfilling slurry are mainly tested by the rheometer，with poor applicability in engineering. Based on the cone slump mould and the cylinder slump mould，combined with the rheometer test，the accuracy of the yield stress of slump drums with different shape and size was compared and analyzed. It is determined that the optimal mini-slump mould is the cylinder with shape and size of 100 mm×100 mm. On this basis，the yield stress-slump relationship model is constructed. It is verified that the model can accurately calculate the yield stress of the slurry when the dimensionless yield stress ranges from 0 to 0.1；The flow time of slurry is tested by the self-made consistency funnel to explore the relationship between plastic viscosity from rheometer and flow time. The results show that the slurry flow time has a negative correlation with the plastic viscosity at the same mass concentration. The relationship between the flow time and the plastic viscosity is not obvious when the mass concentration of slurry changes.
    Comprehensive Evaluation of Control Technology of Blasting Vibration in Open-pit Mine
    DONG Ying-Jian, YU Yan-Ning- , GUO Lian-Jun- , Xu-Zhen-Yang, Jia-Jian-Jun- , GUO Hang-Shen- , Bao- Song-
    2020, 49(04):  20-26. 
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    The evaluation and control of blasting vibration has always been the key issue concerned by the mine. Com? bined with a specific blasting excavation project in a mine，through the investigation on the residential buildings near the min? ing area，the control technical schemes of single row or double row damping holes are formulated，and the vibration velocity and acceleration vibration level is comprehensively evaluated by means of field monitoring test and numerical simulation；The dimensionless coefficient is introduced to analyze the influence characteristics of damping hole forms on blasting vibration. The results show that the maximum reduction rate of peak velocity and acceleration vibration level for single-row holes reached 49.8% and 20% respectively，compared with that without damping holes. However，the related maximum reduction rates for double damping holes reached 71.4% and 60% respectively，with significant damping effect. Through the quantitative descrip? tion of non-dimensional influence coefficient，it is obtained that the depth and diameter of damping holes have great influence on the damping effect.
    Experimental Study on the Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Failure Mode of Rock Masses with Weak Plane
    GONG Yan-Hua
    2020, 49(04):  27-31. 
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    The engineering structure of rock mass with weak plane in the mining process of metal mine is easy to be damaged by tension and shear. In order to explore the relationship between the support mode and the angle ofweak rock mass，the tensile tests at different angle are carried out for sandstone with weak plane. The results show that: ① There are two kinds of failure modes in thesandstone specimen with weak plane，that is，shear tensile failure and tensile failure；② When the angle between the weak plane and the loading direction reaches 70°，the tensile strength of the precast weak plane specimen with 10 mm is maximum；when the depth of the precast weak plane increases，the peak tensile strength of the disc specimen will move forward with the angle；③ The angle of weak plane will affect the deterioration of the specimen；when the weak plane and the loading direction are around 50°，the 15 mm specimen will break suddenly，with a certain tendency of rockburst；④ The failure mode of the rock mass with weak plane is closely related to its internal weak plane of different angles. The tensile strength experiment for the indoor prefabricatedweak plane specimencan provide guidance for the field construction of the rock mass with weak plane.
    Back Analysis Method of Geotechnical Parameters based on IAGA+M-SVR and Its Application
    SUN Zhen-Hua, Yang-Tian-Hong, An- Qi, Xin-Quan-Ming-
    2020, 49(04):  32-38. 
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    Due to the complexity and uncertainty of geotechnical engineering，it is difficult to obtain the geotechnical parameters accurately. This paper presents a method of back analysis of geotechnical parameters displacement of foundation pit，which combines the advantages of improved adaptive genetic algorithm（IAGA）and multi-output support vector ma chine（M-SVR）. This method makes full use of the advantages of genetic algorithm in global optimization and small sample data modeling of support vector machine，and overcomes the disadvantages of traditional genetic algorithm，such as easily falling into local extremum，low efficiency and instability in the search of complex function optimization，and large calcula? tion amount and low precision in building multi-point model by using single output support vector machine. By applying this method to the back analysis of the geotechnical parameters of the foundation pit in the pile supporting system of Yingkou Xin glong Building，the average relative error between the calculated displacement value with the equivalent geotechnical param eter value and the actual displacement is only 2.83%，which verifies its applicability and accuracy. Finally，through the com? parison of the shear strength parameters obtained from the back analysis with the results of laboratory test，andof the elastic modulus withthe empirical value，the recommended initial parameter value of the three-dimensional numerical simulation for this type of foundation pit is given. The average relative error between the displacement value calculated by the recommended parameter and the actual observation value is 4.07%，which satisfies the application of practical engineering.
    Influence of Backfill Mining in Complex Goaf on Ground Buildings
    LIU Huan-Chun, Yu-Jian-Xin, Jiao-Hua-Zhe, Zhao-Wu-Sheng
    2020, 49(04):  39-45. 
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    The surrounding rock stress changes and the surface deformation caused by underground mining affect the safety of the ground buildings. The finite element software ABAQUS was used to study the rock mass deformation and surface movement caused by backfill mining in metal mine. Based on the actual mining status and measured data of the mine，a threedimensional stratigraphic model with complex spatial structure was established. The sub-program SIGINI was used to program the ground stress，and the modified Mohr-Coulomb modelrock was adopted to simulate the rock mass. It is calculated that: due to the high mechanical strength of the surrounding rock，the roof settlement caused by the mining is relatively small，and the filling plays a certain inhibitory effect on control of the bottom drum. The reserved pillar is mainly subjected to large verti cal compressive stress. The smaller the size of the pillar is，the larger the compression is. The surface filling station is located at the edge of the goaf，with relatively low horizontal and vertical displacements. The surface deformation is mainly concen trated in the middle of the goaf. The research results can provide a basis for safe mining of resources and a reference for the se lection of ground monitoring points.
    Study on 3D Sieve Dimensions of Rock Blocks Based on the 2D Shape of Block
    Jing-Yong-Bin, Feng-Xing-Long, ZHANG Kai-Ming, LIU Jin-Yan
    2020, 49(04):  46-51. 
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     In order to estimate the 3D fragmentation distribution of rock blocks， the method of calculating the 3D sieve dimensions based on the 2D graphics obtained by image segmentation of the rock blocks was studied. The blocks were classified by the 3D shape parameters ε and κ， and the equivalent size of the block is calculated as the sieve block size according to the classification result. The collection of 3D rock block models was established by using the discontinuity network simulation. Then the block models were cut by a set of planes to obtain the 2D contours corresponding to the rock blocks. The 2D and 3D geometric parameter values of the blocks according to the 2D contours and the 3D models of the rock blocks. Thus， the relationship between 2D and 3D geometric parameters was established by statistical analysis and regression analysis. The formula for calculating the sieve dimensions of rock blocks by 2D geometric parameters was derived， and a quantitative distribution of mineral rock blocks was obtained. The experimental comparison showed that the distribution of sieve block size calculated according to 2D geometric parameters were consistent with the actual sieve block size of the 3D rock models.
    Current Status and Prospects of Selenium and Tellurium Recycling Process for Scattered Metals
    XIAO Peng, WANG Hong-Jun, Ye-Feng-Chun, Yi- Yu, Ji-Hong-Wei, Qiu-Shi-Wei
    2020, 49(04):  52-60. 
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     As a kind of rare and dispersed non-metallic elements in nature， selenium and tellurium are widely used in metallurgy， chemical industry， information， energy and electronics due to their excellent physical and chemical properties such as oxidation resistance， strong photosensitivity and good plasticity. And with the increasing scope of applications， the amount of use has increased significantly. Due to the associated properties of selenium and tellurium resources， the production is restricted by the production of the main minerals that it will become increasingly difficult to meet the current market demand while leading to conflicts between supply and demand and will also face the problem of resource shortage. The comprehensive utilization of renewable selenium and tellurium resources will become a research hotspot.This paper briefly described the current resource reserves， applications， and consumption of selenium and tellurium. It classified and summarized the treatment technology of various types of primary and renewable raw materials of selenium and tellurium， and emphatically described the extraction process of selenium and tellurium with copper anode slime as the representative raw material， and detailed introduced the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment technologies and progress. In the end， the future development direction of selenium and tellurium resource recycling is forecasted.
    Dynamic Study of Particle-bubble Detachment Process Based on High-speed Dynamic Camera
    DING Shi-Hao, Jia-Wen-Jie, Liu-Meng-Yun, Xing-Yao-Wen, Zhang-You-Fei, Zheng- Qian, Gui-Xia-Hui-
    2020, 49(04):  61-65. 
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    The kinetics of particle-bubble detachment was studied by a high-speed dynamic test system. The Image-Pro Plus was used to measure the contact angle and three-phase contact perimeter of particle-bubbles， and to calculate the change of capillary attachment force between particles and bubbles with the movement time of particles. The results show that the detachment of particles from the surface of bubbles is mainly divided into two stages: the contact angle of bubble stretching deformation increases and the three-phase contact perimeter decreases. In the bubble stretching stage， the three-phase contact perimeter is fixed on the particle surface， and the contact angle increases from equilibrium contact angle to advancing contact angle. In the bubble sliding stage， the contact angle remains unchanged， while the three-phase contact perimeter sliding decreases. In the process of bubble detachment， the capillary attachment force increases with the increase of the contact angle and decreases with the sliding of the three-phase contact perimeter. When the external force exceeds the capillary attachment force between particles and bubbles， the particles detachment from the bubble surface.
    Anisotropic Surface Characteristics of Talc by Direct Force Measurement
    ZHANG Qi-Dong, Li-Xiao-Li, Li-Wen-Juan, Shang- He
    2020, 49(04):  66-71. 
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    Talc，a kind of phyllosilicate， will form two kinds of surfaces with distinct properties when dissociated. Different surfaces exhibit different wettability and charge density. The surface properties of the basal and the edge surfaces of natural talc were investigated by direct surface force measurements using atomic force microscope （AFM） and classical DLVO （Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek） theory. The potential values of the silicon nitride （Si3N4） were calculated determine at various pHs using AFM. The interaction forces between the AFM tip （Si3N4） and basal or edge surface of talc which is consistent with roughness requirements were measured in 10 mmol/L KCl solutions at various pHs. The force profiles were well-fitted with classical DLVO theory to determine the surface potentials of the basal and the edge surfaces of talc. The surface potentials of basal surface exhibits negative invariably in the range of pH 3.5~9.5. The edge surface becomes more negative with increasing pH and the point of zero charge （PZC） of the edge surface was determined around pH 7.6. The fitting curve of the force between the calculated talc surface potential and silicon nitride is compared with the actual measured force. The calculated value is basically consistent with the measured value and the fitting degree is high.
    Effect and Mechanism of Oxalic Acid on the Floatability of Cassiterite
    ZHU Li-Jia, Liu- Jie, Guo-Zhen-Xu, 吕 Liang-
    2020, 49(04):  72-77. 
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    The influence of oxalic acid on the floatation of cassiterite under the styrene phosphonic acid （SPA） collector system was investigated by flotation tests. Solution chemistry calculations， Zeta potential determination and infrared spectroscopy were used to explore its mechanism. The results of flotation experiments revealed that the recovery of cassiterite was above 79.37% in the pH value range of 2~10， with 80 mg/L SPA as the collector. After 4 mg/L of oxalic acid was added， the inhibitory effect of oxalic acid on cassiterite increased with increasing pH， and cassiterite could not be effectively recovered when the pH value was above 10. Based on the flotation behavior of cassiterite， fluorite and calcite， a new idea of reverse-flotation was proposed. Solution chemical calculation， Zeta potential measurement and infrared spectrum analysis demonstrated that both oxalic acid and SPA could chemically adsorb on the surface of cassiterite. Oxalic acid formed a stable tin oxalate complex on the surface of cassiterite， the adsorption of the two kinds reagents was affected by each other's existence. The inhibition mechanism is explained as the adsorption of oxalic acid on the surface of cassiterite increases its hydrophilicity and occupies active sites. This article provides a reference for the mechanism of the influence of inhibitors on cassiterite flotation behavior. 
    Pilot Test of Flotation Column in a Copper Mine in Anhui Province
    2020, 49(04):  78-83. 
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     The process flow of preferential floating copper-magnetite and pyrrhotite recovery by magnetic separation from copper tailings-pyrite recovery by flotation from magnetic separation tailings was adopted in a copper mine on-site process in Anhui. Flotation operation all used flotation machines in the mine. When the grade of raw ore is reduced， the copper grade of concentrate is difficult to reach the design index. In order to improve the grade of copper concentrate， on the basis of laboratory tests， CCF flotation column and cyclone-static microbubble flotation column were used for semi-industrial tests. The test results show that the concentrate grade of the flotation column is higher than that of the on-site concentrate in the same period. The concentrate grade of the CCF flotation column is up to 21.01%， which is 2.9 percentage points higher than that of the production index in the same period. The concentrate grade of the cyclone-static microbubble flotation column is 19.96%， which is 1.05 percentage points higher than that of the production index in the same period. It indicates that CCF type flotation column is more suitable for the treatment of the ore.
    Beneficiation Study on a Weathered Polymetallic Fe-Nb-P Ore in Africa
    Zou-Jian-Jian, Hu- Zhen, Yang-Kai-Zhi, Qiu-Shi-Cheng
    2020, 49(04):  84-88. 
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    A weathered Nd-Fe-P polymetallic ore in Africa is a weathered crust composite pyrochlore ore， which containing Nb2O5 0.62%， P2O5 8.28%， Fe 13.91%，with severe ore weathering and high mud content. According to the difference in specific gravity between the valuable minerals and the gangue minerals in the ore， gravity separation is used to realize the pre-enrichment of valuable minerals. According to magnetite has high magnetism， magnetite is recovered by low intensity magnetic separation. According to apatite and calcite have flotability difference， apatite and calcite are recovered by flotation. The ore is firstly gravited by spiral chute to remove the tailings with a yield of 73.61%. The gravity separation concentrate is ground to -0.074 mm accounting for 78%. Under the condition of magnetic field intensity of 0.45T， an iron concentrate with Fe grade of 61.69% and recovery rate of 38.83% can be obtained through the low intensity magnetic separation. The iron tailings use sodium carbonate as the regulator and GY10 as the collector， after one roughing two cleaning two scavenging phosphorus flotation， phosphorus concentrate with P2O5 grade of 37.59% and recovery of 47.88% is obtained. The tailings of the phosphorus separation are adjusted by SH and the GSC is the collector， the niobium concentrate with Nb2O5 grade of 37.56% and recovery of 65.73% is obtained by one roughing two cleaning two scavenging niobium flotation. The research results can provide a basis for the development and utilization of such weathered antimony ore.
    Study on the Collection Performance of a New Collector DN-6 for Fluorapatite at Normal Temperature
    南 Nan, ZHU Yi-Min, HAN Yue-Xin, LIU Jie
    2020, 49(04):  89-92. 
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     In order to test the performance of DN-6 at normal temperature, a new collector developed by Northeastern University, the flotation test of single mineral was carried out, and the mechanism of the collector on the surface of fluorapatite was studied by Zeta potential detection and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of single mineral flotation test showed that under the condition of pulp pH 7.6, temperature 28 ℃, and DN-6 dosage 166.7 mg/L, the flotation recovery of fluoapatite by collector DN-6 can reach 97.59%. Zeta potential and FTIR analysis showed that DN-6 had bonding adsorption on the fluorapatite surface when pH＜4.
    Effect of Magnetization on Physicochemical Properties of Sodium Oleate Solution and Mineral Flotation
    ZHOU Wen-Bo, Li- Sai, TAO Li-Ming, LI Qing-Qing, YU Fan, ZHANG Li
    2020, 49(04):  93-98. 
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    Through the magnetization treatment of sodium oleate solution, the changes of physicochemical properties such as pH value, absorbance, surface tension and electrical conductivity of the solution were investigated, and the influence of magnetization on the results of mineral flotation was studied. The test results shows that the pH value, absorbance and conductivity of the sodium oleate solution were increased by 0.53, 0.113 and 1.7 μS/cm respectively, after the sodium oleate solution was magnetized under the conditions of magnetic induction intensity of 320 mT and agnetization time of 10 min, the surface tension decreased 14.44 mN/mT; Zeta potential (absolute value) of calcite and fluorite decreased by 2.90 mV and 7.41 mV respectively; flotation recovery of calcite and fluorite increased by 19.77% and 12.81%, respectively; sodium oleate adsorption on calcite and fluorite increased 0.236 mg/g, 0.189 mg/g respectively.
    Process Mineralogy of Carbonated Iron Ore in Qidashan
    CHEN Hong-Bin, Wang-Jian-Xiong, Liu-Zhi-Bin, Liu- Jie, Zhang- Yi-
    2020, 49(04):  99-104. 
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     In order to provide theoretical support for the efficient utilization of Qidashan carbonated iron ore， the chemical components， the mineral composition， production form and dissemination characteristics of iron ore were studied in detail. The results show that the iron in the ore mainly occurs in siderite， hematite and magnetite. Main gangue minerals are quartz and dolomite. Magnetite and hematite have a close associated relationship with each other. Most hematite is formed by magnetite oxidation alteration， and hematite has a fine-grained dissemination. Siderite is closely associated with dolomite and quartz， it is mainly composition coarse particles aggregate with self form and semi-self form. Siderite and hematite-magnetite were 92.90% and 15.00% respectively in the grain size above 0.1 mm. The liberation degree of iron ore is more than 60% in particle size below 0.053 mm. The process mineralogy analysis of the ore shows that the ore belongs to refractory iron ore.
    Study and Application of Factor Analysis for Stream Sediments Data Processing in the East of Dongkunlun
    Geng-Guo-Shuai, Zhang-De-Hui, YANG Fan, Zhang- Jing, ZHAN Long
    2020, 49(04):  105-117. 
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    Factor analysis is a multivariate statistical analysis method，which has been widely used in geochemical data processing.The basis of factor analysis is correlation coefficient matrix (or covariance matrix)，which is very vulnerable to data outliers of any kind，and the compositional data closure effect.Therefore， factor analysis in geochemical data processing requires data transformation to obtain accurate results.The geochemical data of stream sediment survey in the east section of Dongkunlun are used to conduct classical factor analysis and robust factor analysis on the raw data，log transformed data and ILR transformed data respectively，aiming to optimize a factor analysis method with better effect in geochemical data processing，make clear the main ores in east section of Dongkunlun and delineate the prospecting target areas.The study results show that the robust factor analysis of the ILR transformed data shows that the main factors have the best correspondence with various genetic type deposits.Based on its factor scores abnormal，seven prospecting target areas are delineated.Four large-sized gold deposits and seven medium-size gold，iron and polymetallic deposits are found in the above prospecting target areas，by further working，some prospecting clues newly obtained in the above areas.In general，the discovered deposits (ore points) are not commensurate with the abnormal size of the above prospecting target areas，and the potential of the further work in the areas is great.
    Integrated Exploration of Concealed Orebody by High-power Induced Polarization in Weilasituo Mining Area，Inner Mongolia
    ZHAN Wen-Feng, WANG Qiang, LIU Tai-Fu
    2020, 49(04):  118-129. 
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    The Weilasituo magmatic hydrothermal Cu-Zn polymetallic deposit is located in the southern section of the Great Khingan metallogenic belt，more than 8 million tons of ores have been found，which has great potential for resources.The orebodies are mainly occurred in the Xilinguole complex rocks of the Lower Proterozoic and controlled by NE-trending faults.The surface is covered by Quaternary sediments，and accurate location of concealed orebodies in this overburden area is an urgent problem to be solved.Combining with the geological data，borehole data，physical property data and ground high-precision magnetic survey data，the work of induced polarization (IP) sweep，profile and IP sounding are carried out in the geophysical anomaly area with great prospecting potential，the measurement data is interpreted and analyzed in depth.The results show that:①The magnetic susceptibility and residual magnetization of gabbro are relatively large，the other lithologlies have no obvious magnetic changes in the study area，the surrounding rocks，intrusive rocks，tectonites (including alteration) and oxidized ores can not produce IP anomalies，the apparent polarizability is less than 4%，which apparent resistivity is greater than 1 000 Ω?m.Orebody is the main cause of IP anomalies，which apparent polarizability is higher than 4% and the apparent resistivity is about 1 000 Ω?m，which can be used as the basis of dividing IP anomalies in survey area.②The apparent polarizability and apparent resistivity contour maps show that two high value zones are distributed in North-South direction，which are distributed in nearly parallel and spread in a "S" shape on the plane，thus constituting the basic pattern of the study area，and the NE and NW orientation high value zones are distributed and interlaced into grids，the positions of nodes are the IP abnormal points，which can be inferred as the main location of orebody enrichment.Accordingly，anomalies in the survey area can be divided into the east belt and the west belt，and further divided into four anomalous zones along the North-South direction.③Through the interpretation and inversion of IP sounding profiles，the plane position of the anomalous bodies revealed by the interpretation of the inversion results is basically consistent with the ones obtained by actual measurement，but the inversion depth is slightly shallow.Boreholes are laid in the anomalous areas，the orebodies are exposed effectively，which has important guiding significance for the further boreholes layout in the study area.The above analysis further indicated that the integrated geophysical prospecting method and data interpretation method are feasible，which can be used in the similar areas.
    Accurate Diagnosis Method for Belt Conveyor Fault
    Cai-An-Jiang, LI Tao, WANG Hong-Bo, TIAN Feng-Yang, YANG Jie-
    2020, 49(04):  130-134. 
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    Aiming at the typical faults in the operation of belt conveyors， an accurate diagnosis method for double-layer fusion faults based on feature level and decision level is proposed. A fusion model for belt conveyor fault diagnosis information is established to extract the basic characteristics of the belt conveyor fault information and the wavelet packet feature and to realize the feature level fusion. Two classifiers including of the quantum particle swarm optimization kernel limit learning machine and the support vector machine are adopted to carry out the feature-level fault diagnosis. The D-S evidence theory is used to recombine the feature-level fault diagnosis results of the two classifiers to obtain decision-level fault diagnosis. The probability outputs of the two classifiers is used to construct the basic probability assignment function， which can effectively solve the construction of the basic probability assignment function in D-S evidence theory. The belt conveyor test bench was built and verified by MATLAB. The results show that the fault identification accuracy of the method can reach 97%， which improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis.
    Framework Implementation and Key Technologies of MES System for Mining-Beneficiation in Metal Mines
    SONG Peng, Xu- Hui, Fan-Xue-Feng, Shu-Xian-Liang-
    2020, 49(04):  135-141. 
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     Due to low efficiency in intelligent informationization of metal mines and serious information blockage in the production process， the implementation of manufacturing system is conducive to the information circulation， which is of great significance to the construction process of intelligent mines. According to the investigation and research of several mining enterprises， the key position of MES system is expounded. A framework model of modern integrated manufacturing system for metal mines based on three-tier architecture of ERP/MES/PCS is proposed. The key technologies of integration of MES system with ERP and PCS are discussed. Meanwhile， the functional module framework of MES system for mines is proposed and the selection of J2EE and. net development platforms and their respective development frameworks are analyzed and summarized to establish the E-R model and then design the relational database model. By this way ， the top-level design of MES system functional framework for mining-type selection in metal mines can be realized， thus providing theoretical basis for the construction of MES system.
    Research on Development Design and Key Technologies of New Mine Rubber-tyred Vehicle Based on Reverse Engineering
    WANG Jian-Jun, WU Qiu-Jun, Ma-Wen-Bin, Li-Han-Xiong
    2020, 49(04):  142-146. 
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    In order to improve the development level of rubber-tyred vehicle (RV) and reduce the manpower and material resources in its development， a new development method of RV based on 3D camera scanner is studied and designed. Through the Focus 350 3D scanner and other hardware， the point cloud data on the upper part of the RV cab is obtained， and the point cloud data of different positions and different cameras are connected， filtered， simplified and interpolated by the Geographic Studio software. The surface reconstruction on the upper part of the RV cab is completed by CATIA software， and the evaluation method for the smoothness of the surface reconstruction is established. It is concluded that the maximum curvature change of the surface model of the upper cab is 0.012 mm-1 and the minimum is -0.838 mm-1. Finally， through the above research methods， the whole vehicle is developed and manufactured. This research can provide theoretical reference and basis for the independent research and development of RV in China.
    Modeling and Algorithm of Multi-objective Production Scheduling Optimization for Multi-metal Open-pit Mine
    Gu-Qing-Hua, 吕Yan-Hong, Lu-Cai-Wu, Ruan-Shun-Ling
    2020, 49(04):  147-153. 
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    In view of the difficulties in modeling and the complexity in solving problems during optimization of production plan in multi-metal open-pit mine， a multi-objective production plan of multi-metal open-pit mine is constructed from the perspectives of various metal elements， mining and transportation costs and ore grade， and by taking into account various factors such as ore output， grade fluctuation， utilization rate of ore resources， mining and processing capacity and recovery rate. Inspired by particle swarm optimization （PSO）， an improved wolf swarm algorithm （IGWO） is proposed to solve the model， and the reverse learning strategy and nonlinear convergence strategy are introduced to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Taking the actual production of a domestic open pit mine as a case， particle swarm optimization （PSO）， gray wolf algorithm （GWO） and IGWO algorithm are respectively used to solve the model and are compared. The results show that the proposed production planning model is more in line with the actual needs of the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of various mineral resources in open-pit mines. The IGWO algorithm is 71% faster than the PSO algorithm， with the accuracy of the solution increasing 16%. The production plan has important guiding significance for the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources and fine production scheduling of multi-metal open-pit mines， and can promote the sustainable development of enterprises.
    Analysis and Experimental Study on Rotary Performance of Hydraulic Rock Drill
    Lv Chuang
    2020, 49(04):  154-158. 
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     The hydraulic rock drill generally adopts the independent external rotating mechanism. Compared to the impact mechanism， there are few researches on it. Based on the theoretical analysis of the main rotary performance parameters of hydraulic rock drill， including rotary torque， rotary speed， rotary power， etc.， and according to the requirements of national standards， a set of rotary performance test system of hydraulic rock drill is developed in this study， and a small-type hydraulic rock drill is used as the test model to test its rotary performance under low flow and large flow. The data analysis and curve fittingshows that there is a good linear relationship between rotary torque and rotary oil inlet pressure. Within a certain range of rotary torque， the torque-speed curve keeps a good performance (speed is stable)， where the load exceeds the torque， and the rotary speed drops rapidly.
    Design and Application of Remote Control for Signal Operating Equipment of Hoist
    ZHANG Wei, LI Jian-
    2020, 49(04):  159-164. 
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    The remote control system of the signal operation equipment of the auxiliary shaft is an important part in construction of the digital mine. The system applies computer network technology， programmable controller technology， wireless communication technology， sensor detection technology and video monitoring technology， and is a digital network control system based on bus redundancy， Profibus-DP field bus control and industrial Ethernet. It is the inevitable trend of intelligent mine construction to reduce the number of post operators at each middle level of auxiliary shaft hoist， improve the safety and production efficiency of equipment， and apply to the long-term production conditions of underground mine enterprises by transforming the original system into centralized remote control and remote operation mode.
    Study on Separation Performance of Hydrocyclone with Sieve-type Overflow Pipe
    Liu-Pei-Kun, ZHENG Xue-Fei, YANG Xing-Hua, ZHANG Yue-Kan, JIANG Lan-Yue
    2020, 49(04):  165-170. 
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     Aiming at the problem of coarse particles mixed in the overflow product caused by short-circuit flow during the hydrocyclone separation process， a hydrocyclone with a sieve-type overflow pipe is proposed， and the numerical simulation and experimental research was carried out. The simulated results show that compared with the cylindrical overflow pipe， the sieve-type overflow pipe can effectively prolong the separation time of the particles in the hydrocyclone. Therefore the short-circuit flow can re-enter the external swirl and be separated throughly， reducing the coarse particles mixed in the overflow product. The experimental results show that compared with the cylindrical overflow pipe hydrocyclone， the separation efficiency after using the sieve-type overflow pipe is significantly improved. The classification efficiency of -25μm particles increases from 47.59% to 58% by quality and from 48.74% to 60.08% by quantity. The overflow product is finer verifying that the coarse particles mixed in the overflow product is effectively improved. As the opening rate of the overflow pipe increases， the overflow yield increases， and the overflow and underflow product grain sizes tend to become thicker.
    Threshold Filtering Algorithm of FOG Based on Hausdorff Distance
    CAO Jian, YANG Zhi-Qiang, LIU Chen-Chen
    2020, 49(04):  171-177. 
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     In order to realize the intellectualization of mining unit，the position and posture of mining machinery must be controlled in real time and accurately. Because the mining working face environment is complex， strapdown inertial navigation technology can be used to monitor mining machinery.As the core component of strapdown inertial navigation system， the random noise of fiber optic gyro restricts the precision of inertial navigation system.Traditional modeling filtering and wavelet denoising methods can not guarantee the accuracy and denoising result because of their own limitations. Combined with empirical mode decomposition （EMD），a denoising algorithm combining Hausdorff distance （HD） screening criteria and threshold filtering is proposed. In this algorithm， HD of probability density functions （PDF） which are the estimate of intrinsic mode function （IMF） and the original signal is used as the discrimination basis to screen all IMFs，and then thresholding is introduced to filter the selected IMFs and reconstruct it with remaining terms.The filtering results of soft and hard thresholds is compared through tests and the hard threshold are adopted in the algorithm.In order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm， the algorithm is compared with EMD-Cor，EMD-CMSE and other methods.Simulation and test results show the superiority of the method， which can effectively reduce the random errors of gyro.
    Study Progress of Metal Sulfide Ores Dust Explosion
    TIAN Chang-Shun, RAO Yun-Zhang, XU Wei, XIAO Chun-Yu
    2020, 49(04):  178-185. 
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     Metal sulfide ores are widely used in industry， at the same time， it brings the danger of dust explosion in the process of mining， storage and transportation，because of the active chemical properties of iron and sulfur elements. The study progress of metal sulfide ores dust explosion in recent years was reviewed. The effects of sulfur content， iron content， particle size and shape， mass concentration and other factors on explosion parameters of metal sulfide ores dust were specifically analyzed， and compared with that of sulfur dust explosion and coal dust explosion. According to the system security theory， and based on the intrinsic safety， the technical points of preventing and controlling explosion of metal sulfide ores dust were expounded from three aspects: human （operator）-machine （metal sulfide ores dust）-environment （working environment）. Furthermore， the potential research directions of metal sulfide ores dust explosion， such as the influence of pyrrhotite doping， thermodynamics and kinetic model， were put forward. The unique properties of explosion of metal sulfide ores dust will make it a new research hotspot and will be further studied and applied.
    Influence of Heat and Humidity Environment on Function of Human Body in High Temperature Mine
    2020, 49(04):  186-193. 
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     Heat damage and treatment of high temperature in mine has become a recognized scientific and technological problem in the mining industry at home and abroad. Mine cooling technology has become the technical bottleneck and keys for normal safety production and enterprise development of high temperature mine. With the gradual increase of mining depth， the safety and occupational health of the workers were seriously threatened， especially the health of the miners under high temperature and high humidity. The study on the influence level of thermal and humid environment on function of human body can provide basis and reference for better regulating the thermal and humid environment in a high-temperature mine. Physical， psychological and behavioral measurements were performed on 50 miners (10 working groups) at five operating points in different middle sections of three high-temperature metal mines (the temperature ranges from 23~26 ℃， 27~30 ℃， 31~34 ℃， 35~38 ℃ and 39~42 ℃ respectively； the humidity ranges from 60%~70%， 70%~80% and 80%~90% ；the wind speed was adjusted at 0.5 m/s， 1.5 m/s and 2.5 m/s). Through measurement and data analysis， the variation trend of various functional parameters of human body in the hot and humid environment was obtained， and the conclusion was that the temperature below 27 ℃， humidity of 60%~70% and wind speed at 0.5 m/s were the comfortable environment for miners. When the temperature exceeds 27 ℃ and the humidity exceeds 70%， it is necessary to take cooling and dehumidifying measures to improve operating conditions underground.
    Experimental Study on Suppression of Blasting Dust and Smoke by Multi-component Water Stemming in Iron Mine Stope
    Wang-Tian-Yang, Jin-Long-Zhe, Guo-Jing-Zhong, Liu-Jian-Guo, Gong- Qi
    2020, 49(04):  194-199. 
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    Large amount of blasting dust are generated in the stope of metal mines， which not only seriously harms the occupational health of underground workers， but also causes air pollution when discharged to the ground through the return air shaft. Based on this， a new type of multi-component water stemming formula was developed. Taking the roadway stope of Meishan Iron Mine as the test site， the dust changes of four types of water stemming and the changes of CO and NO concentration in the fumes after blasting were measured by means of on-line monitoring， and the inhibition effect of different types of water stemming on the fumes and dust of stope blasting was analyzed. The results show that: the changes of CO and NO concentration follow the law of "double peak curve" after stope blasting， which is basically universal； the multi-component water stemming has a better performance in dust suppression than that of the common water stemming， and its relative respirable dust reduction rate is much higher than that of total dust， that is to say， multi-component water stemming has better respirable dust suppression effect； in the aspect of toxic and harmful gas suppression， compared with common water stemming， the multi-component water cannon mud increased the inhibition efficiency of CO by 51.9%， but has not significant inhibition effect on NO， that is， the additives in multi-component water stemming has an obvious inhibition effect on CO， while the clear water plays a key role in the inhibition of NO.
    Emergency Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil by Nanobubbles Flotation
    FU Kai-Bin, Qin-Tian-Bang, LONG Mei-Qiao, HOU Pu-Yao, ZHONG Qiu-Hong, DU Ming-Xia
    2020, 49(04):  200-205. 
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    A self-made nanobubble air flotation device was used as an experimental instrument to simulate the soil heavy metal pollution event caused by the leakage of solution containing Cu2+， Cd2+， Ni2+， Pb2+， Zn2+ and Cr3+， and the effects of parameters，such as grinding fineness and pH value on the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions were investigated to determine the rapid remediation process of heavy metal contaminated soil by nanobubbles flotation. The results of research showed that when the dosage of ammonium sulfate is 30 kg/t， the dosage of Na2S is 36 kg/t， the dosage of butyl xanthate is 2 500 g/t， pH value is 8.0 and flotation time is 60 min， the removal rates of Cu2+， Cd2+， Ni2+， Pb2+， Zn2+ and Cr3+ in the contaminated soil were 90.08%， 87.92%， 85.95%， 84.77%， 78.85% and 75.58%， respectively after "one roughing and three scavenging". The contents of Cu2+， Cd2+， Ni2+， Pb2+， Zn2+ and Cr3+in the foam products were 12.01×104 mg/kg， 11.72×104 mg/kg， 11.46×104 mg/kg， 11.30×104 mg/kg， 10.51×104 mg/kg， 10.08×104 mg/kg， respectively， which reached the quality requirements of sulfide concentrate and had comprehensive recovery value. The technological process obtained from the study has guiding significance for the emergency remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.
    Adsorption Properties of Lead Ion Imprinted Polyurethane Resin
    CAI Hui, LI Xiao-Ping, ZHOU Jin-Kang, LONG Pan-Feng, LIU Jiu-Hui, ZHAO Jun
    2020, 49(04):  206-211. 
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     In order to synthesize an efficient adsorption resin and study their rules for Pb2+.The polyurethane prepolymer（PU） were synthesized by methylene diphenyl diisocyanate（MDI） ， trimethylolpropane （TMP） and polypropylene glycol （PPG-600）， then ion imprint chelate polyurethane resin（PU-DETA-IIP） were prepared by grafted diethylenetriamine （DETA）， lead ion template and crosslinking agent by using chemical polymerization. The sample were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）， Thermogravimetric analysis（TG） and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）. The effects of graft DETA， template and their dosage on adsorption properties were investigated by adsorption experiment of polluted wastewater simulated by lead nitrate solution. The results showed when the amount of chelating agent DETA and template Pb2+ for PU-DETA-IIP was 1.4 g and 1.2 g respectively， the initial concentration of Pb2+ was 200 mg /L， the adsorption temperature was 303 k， the time was 120 min， and the pH was 5， the adsorption capacity and removal rate were 39.92 mg /g and 99.80%， respectively. QPU-DETA-IIP/QPU-DETA-NIIP was 1.47，QPb/QFe was 21.73. It has good imprinting effect.
    Flotation Experiment of Tailings from a Gold Mine in Jiangxi Province
    WANG Ming-Li, XU Bao-Jin, ZHU Jia-Qian, CHEN Bo-
    2020, 49(04):  212-216. 
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    The flotation tailings of a gold mine in Jiangxi province belongs to low-grade refractory gold-bearing sulfide ores. Due to the long-term storage of the tailings， the surface oxidation degree of some sulfide ores is high. Ores dressing experiments was conducted to determined the utilization and development processing of the tailings. The results of process mineralogy showed that Au grade of the ore is 0.70 g/t， which is the main recovered element. According to the characteristics of the ore， the flotation process using sodium polysulfide as vulcanizing agent was carried to treat the ore. The condition test results showed that the optimal dosage of sodium polysulfide in roughing is 80 g/t and the optimal pH value is 8. On the basis of the conditional tests， the orthogonal test of the dosage of copper sulfate， ammonium butyric black drug， butyl xanthine and sodium polysulfide was conducted， and the test results were verified. Finally， the optimal level combinations were determined as copper sulfate of 50 g/t， butyl xanthine of 150 g/t， ammonium butyric black drug of 50 g/t and sodium polysulfide of 80 g/t. In the roughing condition of grinding fineness of -0.074 mm accounting for 90%， slurry pH value of 8， kerosene dosage of 100 g/t， sodium polysulphide dosage of 80 g/t， butyl xanthate with butyl ammonium black drug dosage of （150+50） g/t， copper sulfate dosage of 50 g/t， sodium silicate of 200 g/t and 2# oil dosage of 40 g/t， gold concentrate of Au grade of 13.25 g/t and Au recovery rate of 57.16% could be obtained by"one roughing two cleaning two scavenging" closed-circuit process. The concentrate indexes was good compared with no adding sodium polysulphide flotation process， which provides references for the recovery and utilization of tailings resources in the mine and similar mines.
    Research on Leaching of Copper and Zinc from Copper-Smelting Dust
    Li- Yu, Wang- Xin, Zheng- Rui, Chen- Wen, Lei- Ying
    2020, 49(04):  217-220. 
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     Based on the analysis of chemical composition and phase composition of raw materials， the feasibility of microwave-assisted leaching of Cu and Zn in copper smelting dust with copper content 12.67% and zinc content 9.85% was studied. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration， liquid-solid ratio， leaching temperature and leaching time on the leaching rates of Cu and Zn were investigated. The results showed that the leaching rates of copper and zinc were 95.11% and 95.92% respectively under the conditions of sulfuric acid concentration of 5 mol/L， liquid-solid ratio of 10 mL/g， leaching temperature of 80 ℃， and leaching time of 2 h.The analysis of leaching slag shows that the leaching slag mainly consists of residual carbon and iron silicate， after leaching by sulfuric acid， copper ferrite and zinc ferrite and magnetite istranslated into magnetite. Some of the large particles in the leaching slag break into smaller particles， and there are cracks and holes on the surface of the particles， and the leaching slag is loose and porous.