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    15 February 2015, Volume 44 Issue 02
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    New Development on Mineral Processing Technology of Iron Ore Resources in China
    HAN Yue-Xin, SUN Yong-Sheng, LI Yan-Jun, GAO Peng
    2015, 44(02):  1-11. 
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    The distribution and characteristics of iron ore resources in China was described and research progress in iron ore beneficiation was summarized.The new technology and achievements，which formed in the aspect of microgranular iron ore separation，comminution，magnetizing roasting，coal-based reduction，iron tailing separation and room temperature collector，were reviewed in detail.The microgranular iron ore and iron tailing can be separated through the process containing magnetic separation，gravity separation and flotation.The energy consumption in the ore crushing and grinding was significantly reduced using high-pressure grinding roller，AG/SAG mill and stirred mill.Magnetizing roast（i.e.，flash magnetizing roasting，fluidized bed magnetizing roasting and suspension roasting) and coal-based reduction provide a new way for utilization of refractory iron ore.The flotation temperature was effectively decreased by room temperature collector.The development tendencies in mineral processing of iron ore are investigation of scientific problems in microgranular iron ore separation，development and application of efficient comminution equipment and new pretreatment equipment，research on environment protecting beneficiation process and reagent.
    Research Progress on Internal Flow Field and Separation of Hydrocyclone
    WEI De-Zhou, ZHANG Cai-E, GAO Shu-Ling, CUI Bao-Yu, LIU Wen-Gang, SHEN Yan-Bai, HAN Cong
    2015, 44(02):  12-19. 
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    The inner flow field of hydrocyclone plays an essential role for the separation of a given particle group.The development of internal flow field and the research status of flow field characteristics for hydrocyclone are reviewed.The application of numerical simulation in the establish of hydrocyclone mathematical model,characterization of internal flow field,separation process of solid particles,and optimization design of structural parameters for hydrocyclones are introduced in detailed.Based on these analysis,further investigation on the features of the envelope of zero vertical velocity（LZVV) and an air core will be required.The influence of particle shape,as well as the particle-particle,particle-fluid,and particle-wall interactions on the separation efficiency in high concentration slurry will be the focused on.
    The Comprehensive Evaluation of Exploitation and Utilization Efficiency of Mineral Resources Based on Combination Weight and Gray Relation Analysis Method
    LUO De-Jiang, WU Shang-Kun, GUO Ke
    2015, 44(02):  20-25. 
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    The comprehensive evaluation on exploitation and utilization of mineral resources is a complex systematical engineering of incomplete information，and there haven′t been a set of scientific and complete evaluation index and evaluation method till now.On the basis of analysis of exploitation and utilization of mineral resources，the index system from development efficiency，personal efficiency，economic benefits and mine geological environment protection is set up to determine the index weights with a combination of experts grading method and entropy method.According to the characteristics of incomplete information of exploitation and utilization of mineral resources，the evaluation model is built up based on the gray relation analysis.Finally，taking Panxi Vanadium Titanium Magnetite for example，the combination weights of each index are calculated and the exploitation and utilization of Vanadium Titanium Magnetite in Panxi Area is comprehensively evaluated.Then the result was graded according to exploitation and utilization level.The evaluation result showed that the evaluating index and method for exploitation and utilization of mineral resources are reliable and practical.
    Research on the Surface Subsidence Regularity and Treatment Technique of Goaf Underlying River
    QI Jian-Dong, GAO Yong-Tao, HAN Hao-Liang
    2015, 44(02):  26-31. 
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    Taking Xishimen Iron Mine as engineering background,methods such as geophysical prospecting,monitoring and numerical simulation were used to study the surface subsidence regularity of goaf underlying river.The technical measure,compensation method,was proposed to treat the riverbed with differential settlement.The main research conclusions are drawn as follows.The research region can be divided into subsidence area,danger area and low-resistance abnormal area by controlled source audio-frequency magneto-telluric,and low-resistance abnormal area generally represents the goaf or ore body.Horizontal extruding tectonic stress results in the elliptic subsidence basin formed in surface,and its existence increases the ground movement scope of basin.Horizontal extruding tectonic stress reduces the maximal mining subsidence,but makes the accumulative subsidence behave as gusty increase mode.In the permanent treatment measure of "compensation method",the main anti-seepage reinforcement structure consists of rigid waterproofing layer,flexible waterproof layer and anti-scour layer,which can sink with riverbed subsidence and fully fill the surface differential settlement caused by ore body mining.
    Compression Deformation Analysis of Backfill Under High Stress and Lateral Restraint
    ZHAO Xiang-Min, SUN Tian-Shun, 吕Wen-Sheng
    2015, 44(02):  32-35. 
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    In order to study the deformation law of backfill under high stress and lateral restraint，according to the site survey results，nine-load creep experiments on the backfill with the gray-sand ratio of 1∶10 and a concentration of 70% are carried out.Axial deformation law of backfill is obtained under each level of load stress.Compression characteristic analysis of backfill is made to get the variation of compression factor and compression modulus under different loading stresses.Through the compression strain-time diagram，the compression deformation mechanism of backfill under high stress and lateral restraint is drawn.The results provide a scientific basis for the filling design and production safety in Xincheng Gold Mine.
    Monitoring of Mining Pressure in Exploitation of Steeply Inclined and Extremely Thin Vein with Resuing Stoping Method
    DING Hang-Xing, REN Feng-Yu, HE Rong-Xing, LI Bo-Ran, CHANG Shuai
    2015, 44(02):  36-39. 
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    The orebody of Erdaogou gold mine is steeply inclined and extremely thin，which is caved by the methods of resuing stoping and short-hole shrinkage.With the increase of mining depth，stope rockburst occurred seriously.In order to study the source of high stress needed by rockburst，the author carried out the mining pressure monitoring to mining process.With the method of tunnel convergence deformation，the convergence deformation of roof-floor and two sides was monitored in the process of the No.1530 stope caved by resuing stoping method.The monitoring results showed that with the increase of caving height，the space of monitoring tunnel roof and floor tends to decrease while the space of two sides tends to increase.Besides，the deformation magnitude of two sides is larger than the roof and floor.What's more，according to maximum convergence value of each monitoring point of two sides，the author drew the mining pressure characteristic curve.It is found that mining pressure formed peak value in the area of 7 m distance from the upper stope boundary，then after that tend to level off.For this relatively concentrated distribution characteristics of mining pressure，it is suitable to adopt the stress-relief method to control，so as to prevent the formation of external high stress condition needed by rockburst.
    Model Experiment and Analysis of Wedge-Shaped Cutting Blasting with Cutting Seam Cartridge in Rock Tunnel
    LIAO Tao, PU Chuan-Jin, WANG Jun-Qing, JIANG Rui, YANG Xin, CHEN Xue-Feng
    2015, 44(02):  40-44. 
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    In order to explore the rational cutting method to improve the poor cutting and the low blasthole utilization in rock tunnel，the experimental study of wedge-shaped cutting blasting with cutting seam cartridge based on cement mortar model is conducted.A total of four sets of comparative tests are designed，and each set of test start on six cement mortar model with different intensity.One model has six blasthole，and each blasthole is charged one No.8 detonator into it.The results show that the structure of cutting seam cartridge improves the utilization ratio of blast holes，increases the cutting cavity volume and reduces the boulder yield of cutting rock fragment.The optimal cutting method for different intensity model is obtained，among，the 80° wedge-shaped cutting blasting with cutting seam cartridge has small change in different intensity of model on blasthole utilization，cutting cavity volume and the rate of chunks of cutting rock fragment.A good cutting effect can be obtained when it is used into rock tunnel with large lithology changing.The wedge-shaped cutting blasting with cutting seam cartridge can guide the direction of energy，and achieve crack growth directionally and improves cutting effect of cutting seam.
    Forepoling Device for Fully Mechanized Roadway Heading and Its Application
    吕Zhi , ZHU Jian-Ming, HU Yu, WANG Yu
    2015, 44(02):  45-48. 
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    In order to fully avoid the accidents in mechanized work face,more and more attention is paid on the forepoling.However,the traditional temporary forepoling has many disadvantages,such as lack of the support force,less support area,longer operating time,higher labor intensity and lower security.It does not adapt to the characteristics of surrounding rock deformation.The newly-developed advanced forepoling is applied to make verification,combining the on-site industrial tests and the FLAC numerical simulation.The results show that the new forepoling device has a feature of reasonable support structure,and easy operation.It has a positive effect on improving the stress level in third direction after excavation,and can be used to make a perfect process transition from no support to temporary forepoling in the tunnel excavation and improve the normal recycling rate of the mining.In addition,the application of forepoling in the working face improves the environment security,and also increases the working efficiency.A good supporting effect and economic benefit has been achieved by applying this forepoling in Wangzhuang Coal Mine in a whole industrial test.So the forepoling can completely meet the needs of safe production.
    The Optimization Research of Panel Pillar Recovery Scheme
    WANG Nai-Bin, ZHAO Ji-Yin, ZHANG Chuan-Xin, GUO Wei
    2015, 44(02):  49-52. 
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    The mining thickness of the panel pillar is one of the important factors influencing the recovery rate of resources.Reasonable mining thickness can not only improve the recovery rate of resources and economic benefits，but also reduce the security risks in the recovery process.On the basis of different mining methods，reduction processing of rock mass mechanics parameters is reasonably treated.Through a bottom-up 3d entity modeling technology，the analysis model is set up with Mohr-Coulomb model as the failure criteria.The FLAC3D analysis software is adopted to make numerical simulation analysis on the different mining thickness of panel pillar to investigate the variation law of stress and strain in panel pillars and at the internal of surrounding rock of gob.Through comparison with simulation analysis results of the different thickness，the reasonable mining thickness of the panel pillar is determined，which can ensure the safety of panel pillar recovery.Finally through the technical and economic analysis，and the comprehensive consideration of various factors such as technology，economy and security，the optimal mining scheme is determined.
    Study on Magnetic Separation-Flocculation Desliming-Reverse Flotation of a Micro-fine Iron Ore
    TANG Xue-Feng
    2015, 44(02):  53-57. 
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    Iron minerals of an iron ore from Hunan are mainly magnetite and secondly hematite,and 12.12% of the iron exists in the form of silicate minerals.Among these,magnetite is middle or fine disseminated and hematite is disseminated in extremely microgranular.It is hard to achieve good separation index.According to the ore property,the process of stage grinding-low intensity magnetic separation(LIMS)-high intensity magnetic separation(HIMS)-selective flocculation desliming-reverse flotation was conducted.First,magnetite was concentrated through LIMS at coarse grinding fineness of 65.87% passing 0.075 mm.Second,hematite was enriched from tailings of LIMS by HIMS to discard gangue minerals.Third,two stage grinding (primary grinding at 0.038 mm accounted for 96.56%,second grinding at 98.93% passing 0.019 mm) and four stage selective flocculation desliming operation were adopted to deal with HIMS concentrate.Forth,reverse flotation of one roughing-one cleaning-four scavenging operation on underflow from desliming were made.Mixed iron concentrate with yield rate of 32.33%,iron grade of 63.55% and recovery of 71.34% was obtained,which provide technical basis for rational development and utilization of the ore.
    Experimental Study on Cationic Reverse Flotation of the Magnetic Concentrate in Sijiaying Iron Mine
    WANG Wei-Zhi, MENG Qing-Lei, ZHANG Qing-Feng, LI Fu-Ping
    2015, 44(02):  58-62. 
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    There are disadvantages of complex reagent system,and the pulp need to be warmed in Iron Plant of Sijiaying,Hebei Iron Steel Group Mining Co.,Ltd.,for using NaOH,starch,lime,GK-68 as pH regulator,depressor,activator,collector respectively in anionic reverse flotation technology to deal with the mixed concentrate of both low and high intensity magnetic separation.Therefore,GE-609,a cationic collector,developed by Wuhan University of Technology is chosen from HYS-2,another cationic collector,developed by Central South University,for cationic reverse flotation test on mixed magnetic concentrate from Sijiaying Iron Plant.The comparison test on the cationic reverse flotation was carried out by simulating the on-site process and reagent system.The results show that iron concentrate with iron grade of 65.37% and recovery of 84.10% was obtained by using GE-609 and only one reagent-starch with the original process at room temperature,while iron concentrate with iron grade of 65.55% and recovery of 79.44% was received by simulating anionic reverse flotation at 40 ℃.Obviously,the cationic reverse flotation with GE-609 can achieve the goal of flotation in room temperature and simplifying the reagent system,and greatly improve the iron recovery.
    Study on Property and Pre-separation for a Tantalum-niobium Placer Deposit in Africa
    ZHANG Cheng-Qiang, ZHANG Hong-Xin, LI Hong-Chao, WANG Shou-Jing
    2015, 44(02):  63-67. 
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    In order to provide technical basis on development of a tantalum niobium placer in Africa for a Chinese mining company,process mineralogy research is carried out on the ore.The results indicated that,the content of tantalum and niobium reaches 97.4 g/t and 1 044.2 g/t respectively,much higher than the industrial mining requirements.Besides niobite and ilmenite,there are useful minerals of cassiterite,zircon and monazite,thorium also associated.Gangue minerals are mainly quartz,feldspar; useful minerals are disseminated in relatively coarser size and somehow have already been liberated,and the degree of liberation from quartz and feldspar by gravity separation is "easier"; yield rate of the ore in +3 mm grade account for 21.10%,but distribution rate of tantalum and niobium is only 3.04% and 1.33% respectively.According to the process mineralogy,pre-separation experiments on run-of-mine ore are made,including the run-of-mine classified at 3 mm,and the coarse concentrate discarded by jig further,then classification by 0.5 mm and through cleaning separation by shaking table respectively.Pre-separation concentrate with yield rate of 0.71%,Ta2O5,Nb2O5,Sn,ZrO2 grade of 1.21%,12.93%, 7.12% and 14.97% respectively,and the corresponding recovery rate of 89.45%,90.04%,87.16%,70.58% was obtained,meanwhile titanium,thorium,hafnium,cerium have also been enriched.Valuable minerals in pre-separation concentrate separated from each other will be further researched.
    Beneficiation Experiment on High Efficient Utilization of a Low Grade Molybdenum Ore in Xinjiang
    YANG Kai-Zhi, QIU Xian-Yang, WANG Tai, LI Han-Wen, WANG Hong-Jun
    2015, 44(02):  68-72. 
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    There is 0.076% Mo in a low grade molybdenum ore from Xinjiang,and also 0.033% Cu and 1.232% S associated with molybdenum.Molybdenum,copper and sulfur mainly exist in forms of molybdenite,chalcopyrite,and pyrite,but it is difficult to be separated from each other for their close intergrowth.Beneficiation experiment on comprehensive recovery of molybdenum,copper,and sulphur was conducted based on the ores properties.Firstly,Mo-Cu-S bulk flotation tests were conducted after grinding the raw ore at 85% -0.074 mm.Secondly,separation flotation of molybdenum-copper from sulfur were carried out after grinding the rough Mo-Co-S concentrate.Then,molybdenum-copper bulk concentrates were put into the separation flotation of molybdenum from copper.Novel collector GZW101 and depressor GTS were used in Mo-Cu-S bulk flotation,also new depressor GLN was brought in separation flotation of molybdenum and copper.Molybdenum concentrate with 47.03% Mo and recovery of 73.20%,copper concentrate with 14.89% Cu and recovery of 77.26%,and sulfur concentrate with 54.26% S and recovery of 88.94% was obtained.The flotation results provide basis for high efficient utilization of the ore.
    Effects of Metal Ions on Flotation of Kyanite with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
    LU Jia, GAO Hui-Min, JIN Jun-Xun
    2015, 44(02):  73-76. 
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    Through single mineral flotation test,the effects of Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Fe3+,Al3+ six metal ions on flotation system of kyanite-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were studied.The results showed that monovalent ions Na+,K+ have no effect on flotation behavior of kyanite-SDS; Divalent ions Ca2+,Mg2+ exhibit inhibition effects on flotation of kyanite-SDS,and Ca2+ has more intensity; Trivalent ions Fe3+,Al3+ exhibit activation on flotation of kyanite-SDS,and Al3+ owns more activating ability.The mechanism of inhibition and activation of divalent ions (representative by Ca2+) and trivalent ions (representative by Fe3+) is analyzed by solution chemistry.The results showed that in the acidic medium the main component of calcium ion is Ca2+,which is easy to form the insoluble matter together with the sulfonic acid group of SDS,consuming large amounts of pharmacy and exhibiting inhibition.Iron ion has the different active ingredients on playing the role of activation in kyanite-SDS system at different pH.When pH<2.5,FeOH2+ and Fe(OH)2+ were the effective components on playing the role of activation,when pH≥2.5,Fe(OH)3(s) was the effective component on playing the role of activation.
    Effects of Dispersants and Process Optimization on Purification of a Low-grade Diatomite in Jilin
    GAO Ying, HAN Yue-Xin, CHEN Xiao-Long, TANG Zhi-Dong
    2015, 44(02):  77-81. 
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    The low-grade diatomite of Linjiang County，Jilin Province，is grade-three diatomite with high burning loss，and gangue minerals are mainly quartz and albite.Dispersant selection tests ate carried out in order to purification the diatomite，as well as roasting-acid leaching tests on the flotation concentrate.The results showed that the flotation index is optimum when using sodium tripolyphosphate（STPP) as dispersant under pH 9，slurry is 40 ℃ and lurylamine as collector.By STPP as dispersant solvent，through one roughing and two cleaning flotation operation，concentrate with 79.38% SiO2，5.04%Al2O3 is obtained.And the concentrate of flotation was roasted for 1 h at temperature of 600 ℃，and leaching for 1.5 h using 20% sulfuric acid as solvent.Finally，diatomaceous concentrate with 89.57% SiO2，4.77% Al2O3，0.71% Fe2O3 is obtained，which can meets the standard of top-grade diatomite.
    Beneficiation Tests of Feldspar from Hunan
    CEN Dui-Dui, GAO Hui-Min, LU Yang, REN Zi-Jie, JIN Jun-Xun
    2015, 44(02):  82-86. 
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    Main minerals in a feldspar ore of Hunan Province are feldspar and quartz.Beneficiation experiments were conducted for the development and utilization of the ore.Results show that at the grinding fineness is 62.36% -0.074 mm，after desliming and quartz discarding flotation，with sulfuric acid modifier，N-alkyl diaminopropane + petroleum sodium sulfonate as collector by one roughing and two scavenging feldspar-quartz separating floattion，feldspar concentrate with 18.68% Al2O3 and quartz concentrate with 98.35% SiO2 are obtained.Through one roughing and one cleaning magnet separation for iron removal dealing with feldspar flotation concentrate，feldspar concentrate with 18.68% Al2O3，0.18% Fe2O3 and 12.28% Na2O+K2O was received.Quartz concentrates with 98.35% SiO2 and 0.076% Fe2O3 was received dealing with quartz flotation concentrate at the magnet intensity of 0.35 T for iron removal.The feldspar concentrates meets the first-grade quality standard of ceramics，while the quartz concentrates for the secondary quality standard of glass.
    Study on Mineralogy of a Stone-coal Vanadium Ore from Hubei
    LI Mei-Rong, LIANG Dong-Yun, HE Xiao-Juan
    2015, 44(02):  87-91. 
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    Process mineralogy was conducted on a stone-coal vanadium ore from Hubei by chemical analysis,microscope observation,energy spectrum analysis of mono-mineral chemical components,MLA automated quantitative surveying technique to provide guidelines for vanadium extraction from the ore.The mainly results are as follows: ①the V2O5 content of the ore was 0.96%,and vanadium bearing minerals includes vanadium mica (fiber vanadium mica,carbon vanadium mica and flake roscoelite),vanadium-containing limonite,calcium vanadium garnet and fervanite,hydroxyl copper,vanadium barium copper,etc.; ②Although vanadium exists in many minerals,the objective minerals are vanadium mica,turanite,and vesignieite only with V2O5 distribution rate of these three 97.08%; ③Both the vanadium-bearing limonite and calcium-vanadium garnet have a certain magnetism,while vanadium mica is lower.According to the conclusion above,it is recommended that the high intensity magnetic separation is adopted to enrich vanadium bearing limonite and calcium vanadium garnet,vanadium mica is pre-enriched by flotation,and then vanadium is recovered from magnetic separation concentrate by the direct acid leaching method,and from flotation concentrate by acid leaching process or roasting-acid leaching process with the addition of leaching agent.
    Application of Stream Sediment Survey in Bawu Area of Laos
    LIU Jun, PAN Liang, ZHAO He-Sen, TANG Shun-Juan, TAO Lin
    2015, 44(02):  92-97. 
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    The elements of Cu，Co，Ni，Fe，Au，Ag，Pb，Zn，As，Sb，Hg，Mo，W，Sn are tested and analyzed by conducting the 1∶50 000 stream sediment survey in Bawu area of Laos.Firstly，the geochemical characteristics of the elements in the research area are summarized preliminarily.The results show that，the enrichment coefficient and variation coefficient of As，Sb，Hg，Au are higher than others，the geological and geochemical reaction of these elements in research area are strong，the element migration and enrichment phenomenon are obvious，so，As，Sb，Hg，Au are the ore-forming (instructions) elements.Secondly，the test data of the above 14 kinds of elements are conducted on correlation analysis，cluster analysis and factor analysis based on the principle of mathematical statistics so as to deeply describe the affinity-disaffinity relationship and the differentiation trends of the elements in the research area.Finally，according to the geochemical characteristics of the elements，23 comprehensive anomalous areas are selected.Besides that，the 3 most advantageous gold polymetallic prospecting target areas including B.Houaysapeu，Bifo′ai-Mozhongzhao，and Huaikang-Wangle are optimally selected based on analyzing the geological and geochemical characteristics of the main anomaly HS-8，HS-15.The above research results can provide some reference for the further prospecting work in the research area.
    Geochemical Characteristics and Ore Prospecting of Gold-polymetallic Deposit in Donggou Area，Shanxi Province
    LI Jing-Jing, YANG Zheng-Xi, LI Wen-Juan, CHEN Fei, BAN Jian-Yong, LIU Lei
    2015, 44(02):  98-102. 
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    Through conducting the soil geochemical survey work in a scale of 1∶10 000 in Donggou gold-polymetallic deposit area，the statistical characteristics of the survey data is firstly analyzed，and then，the survey data is conducted on correlation analysis，cluster analysis and factor analysis based on Spass software so as to obtain the element anomaly combination in the mining area; Finally，the Spass software is adopted to make the box plot of each element so as to determine the anomaly thresholds of each element by obtaining the first quartile and third quartile.The research results show that:①the elements such as Au，Ag，Hg，As，Sb，Bi，Ba，Pb，Zn and W have a certain tendency of secondary enrichment because its contents are higher than other elements relatively，and its coefficients of variation are larger than that of other elements;②the elements such as Ag，Pb，Zn，Mo，Au，Hg，Ba and W elements represent the secondary enrichment combination of the main ore-forming elements;③it is obvious that the high abnormal elements distribute in the central or the eastern part of the mining area and within the tectonic fracture zone by determining the abnormal threshold and selecting the elements′ anomalies.The above results can provide some reference for the ore-prospecting work in the mining area.
    A Single Frequency and Single Epoch Algorithm for Mining Settlement Observation in Real Time
    CHEN Xi-Bin, ZHANG Shu-Bi, BAO Guo
    2015, 44(02):  103-107. 
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    In order to make up for the shortage of the existing algorithm for mining subsidence by using single epoch and single frequency GPS observation，and realize real-time monitoring of the ground movement caused by coal mining more accurately，based on Tikhonov regularization method and damped LAMBDA method，a new algorithm for mining settlement in real time is proposed.Firstly，according to the characteristics of the single-frequency and single-epoch equation，Tikhonov regularization method is adopted to correct the matrix of the equation to obtain the reliable real-number solutions of ambiguity by the least squares method.Secondly，the integer ambiguity is fixed according to damped LAMBDA method，the damped factor is determined by the initial observation result.Finally，the actual GPS data in mining area is used to conduct experiment so as to test the performance of the algorithm proposed in this paper.The experimental results show that，three directions accuracy of the station is in millimeter-level，and calculating time of single epoch is less than the sampling.The algorithm proposed can satisfy the millimeter-level of observation and observation in real time，and provide a certain reference value for the real-time mining settlement observation.
    Geological Modeling and Calculation of the Reserves of Honglongchang Copper Deposit Based on DIMINE
    YU Can, LI Feng, ZHANG Da-Bing, CHEN Ming-Gui
    2015, 44(02):  108-112. 
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    According to the geological exploration data of the Honglongchang mining area in Yuanjiang county，Yunnan province，combining with the DIMINE software，the ore deposit geology database and the three-dimensional entity model of the faults and ore-body in mining area are established.So，the three-dimensional visualization of the drilling data information is realized，and also the output location and space morphology characteristics of the ore-body are revealed intuitively and truly.The borehole samples data are selected and grouped based on the principle of geostatistics.According to the statistical distribution characteristic of the grouped samples，the variation function model of the mining area is established.The copper grade blocks are assigned value by using the ordinary kriging method.Combing with the assigned value，the segment model method is adopted to calculate the ore deposit reserves.The research results show that，the copper mine modeling in Honglongchang mining area has a higher precision，and the reserves calculation results are reliable.The above research results can provide an important theoretical basis for dynamic management of the mining resources and the subsequent production work.
    A First Arrival Automatic Picking Method of P-wave with Noise Resistence Performance
    YANG Jing-Hui, TUO Xian-Guo, JIANG Xin, LIU Yao
    2015, 44(02):  113-116. 
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    The first-break picking accuracy greatly affects the seismic events discriminant and source localization.At present，none of the first-break picking algorithms proposed is ideal to collect the low SNR seismic data.In order to solve the noise problem (improve noise resistance performance)，an improved first arrival picking method of micro-seismic event based on power ration and wavelet transform is proposed.Firstly，the characteristics function is introduced to the traditional energy ratio method wavelet transform method so as to search the range of the P-wave first break by adopting the improved energy ratio method.Then，the first break time of P-wave is positioned precisely by using wavelet transform.Finally，the seismic model data and actual measured seismic data are used to conduct experiment to analyze the performance of the method proposed in this paper.The results show that，the method based on energy ratio and wavelet transform is the first-break automatic picking method with the characteristics of noise resistance and stability.Besides that，it can identify the P-wave first arrival time from the data with a low signal to noise ratio accurately.
    Research on the Architecture of Intelligent Production Control and Management in Underground Mine
    ZHOU Wen-Lue, LIAN Min-Jie
    2015, 44(02):  117-121. 
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    In recent years，with the growth of human cost，safety and environment need more stringent requirements，and the domestic mining enterprises need to change from labor-intensive or extensive management mode to the high efficient and scientific management mode.The intelligent production control and management is the key to achieve the efficient scientific management of the mine.It needs to closely approach to the running characteristics of underground mine，and is realized by selecting appropriate technology and cost-effective equipment.The intelligent mine construction experience of Sinosteel mineral company is summarized，and the operation characteristic of underground mine is analyzed.The architecture of intelligent production control and management of mine is built based on informationization，automation and internet of things.It is proposed that the construction of intelligent mine starts from four aspects，including the digitization and visualization of geological，surveying and mining information，the production and operation of intelligent control，the production safety intelligent monitoring and the early warning and information management.Then，the key implementation technology and equipment are summarized.This architecture can realize the digitization，automation，intelligent decision and early warning in underground mine，and provide guidance for building intelligent engineering in other mines．
    Realization of Open-pit Mine Blasting Design System Based on RTK Handbook
    YAO Ji-Ming, ZHANG Yun-Peng, WANG Sen, ZHANG Wei-Hua, ZHANG Li-Chun
    2015, 44(02):  122-126. 
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    With the development and popularization of computer aided design on the blasting system，the disadvantages of the traditional blasting design in the accurate localization，rational schemes for hole arrangement and fragmentation effect of blasting were being exposed.In order to improve blasting effect，the blasting theory was combined with the merit of accurate positioning of RTK（Real Time Kinematic) technology.Through the analysis of various factors affecting blasting effect，the parameters of the terrain and borehole were collected dynamically，which can be adjusted and optimized in real time.The integration of precise positioning and blasting design was realized finally.Based on these，a detailed study on the method of blasting design，positioning，the comprehensive application of database，and embedded system developing technology was carried out.Such key techniques as the requirements analysis，design ideas，function module，database development，system implementation were described.The system provides an advanced design platform for scientification and normalization of blasting design and precise blasting.The application of this system would save a lot of manpower and resources，improve the accuracy of open-pit mine blasting design，shorten the design cycle，and reduce the cost for mining.
    Research and Design of Underground Tramcar Positioning and Monitoring System in Tungsten Mine Based on ZigBee
    HE Xue-Wen, CAO Qing-Mei, FAN Kuan-Gang
    2015, 44(02):  127-132. 
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    In view of wiring difficulties，low level of information and visualization problems about underground tramcar positioning system in tungsten mine，and in order to more reasonably and efficiently schedule tramcar，a real-time positioning and monitoring system of the tramcar based on ZigBee wireless network was proposed to realize underground positioning and safety monitoring on tramcars.RSSI ranging model for transferring wireless signal of ground environment was explored.Then，with the aid of Gauss filter，the RSSI ranging parameters were modified.Then，combined with the multilateral localization algorithm，the positioning was achieved.For large errors in the algorithm，the weighted centroid localization algorithm was proposed to improve the positioning accuracy.The underground tramcar speed and position information were real-time uploaded and well displayed on host computer.Through simulation experiments，the results demonstrated that the modified weighted centroid algorithm can effectively lower the positioning error，and the host computer can realize the transfer，storage，real-time display，query，and early warning and other functions.The system has the characteristics of real-time，high accuracy and good robustness，which can effectively improve the safety of production in tungsten mine.
    Application of the Virtual Reality Technology in Open-pit Slope Engineering
    HE Xiang, YANG Tian-Hong, 南Shi-Qing , HUANG Qing-Yun, LI Yang
    2015, 44(02):  133-138. 
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    Open-pit mine slope engineering is a complex system engineering of relating to the analysis of multi phase and multi dimensional data，such as engineering investigation，analysis and calculation，construction，and monitoring.With the development of mining，the geological information and engi-neering information from slope exposing and engineering investigation become more and more complex，which makes it difficult to clearly describe the relationship among all these data though the traditional 2D maps.Therefore，it is urgent to make multi-data fusion analysis and 3D visualization，in order to understand the complex data and make a scientific decision.Combined with digital prospect of slope engineering and based on the virtual reality system platform of Northeastern University，a virtual reality system is formed，in which the virtual scene includes 3D geological model and engineering model，and the reality system owns the database query and interactive control function on the exploration data inte-gration，analysis of calculation results，and the measurement.Taking the eastern slope of Sijiaying Iron Mine as a case，its multi-data fusion analysis and virtual visualization of engineering prospection，field investigation and calculation can be realized to reach the goal of evaluating the open-pit slope stability and decision-making.
    Mill Sounds′ Influence Factors Analysis and Mill Load Detection Methods Review
    YANG Zhi-Gang, ZHANG Jie, LI Yan-Jiao
    2015, 44(02):  139-144. 
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    The relationship between mill load，mill sound and mill current is introduced.The sound mechanism of ball mill is briefly described.The influence of filling rate，rotating speed of cylinder and ball size on mill sound analyzed.Detection methods of mill load，soft measurement based on mathematical mode and classifying，mill sound method，vibration method，power method，ultrasonic method and neural network method，is reviewed respectively.Finally， the development direction in mill load detection will be multi-measurement integrated technology，on-line soft measurement technology，the anti-noise performance increasing.
    Experimental Research on Shear Creep Properties of Red Sandstone and Analysis on Slope Stability Mechanism
    ZHAO Hong-Bao, WANG Zhong-Wei, LI Hua-Hua
    2015, 44(02):  145-150. 
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    Taking the standard red sandstone samples as research objects，both the self-designed shear creep experimental device of coal or weak rock and the monitor software of coal or rock micromechanics properties were used to make the systematic studies on shear creep properties of red sandstone under different load levels.The phenomena and mechanisms of slope stability occurrence are trial to be revealed based on the conclusions from experiments.The results show：load levels have a significant effect on the shear creep mechanical properties of red sandstone，which will mainly determine the presence of accelerated shear creep stage or not， the destruction of the sample or not and the affect extent of creep test time on mechanical properties.There are two special shear creep stress，τ1、τ2,which divides the shear creep of sandstone into three types，certainly not fracture，uncertainly fracture and certainly fracture.The formation process of damage area of red sandstone was showed as a progressive type，and the damage process was showed as a progressive type combined with burst type.There is crack-rich area near the fracture surface，and the fracture surface is not flat shear plane in structure.Shear creep properties of red sandstone under different load may be used to reveal the phenomena and mechanisms of slope stability occurrence.It is considered that rock shear creep of potential slip area in slope is the physical mechanism of slope instability.
    Analysis of Slope Failure Type at Excavation of Rocky Step：a Case of Rocky Excavated Slope in a Coal Mine
    HE Yi, CHEN Xue-Jun, WANG Xin-Gang
    2015, 44(02):  151-154. 
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    The predominant rock-mass structural planes control the boundaries of rocky slope deformation ，and their combination decides the type of deformation and failure.For a coal mine，the rock-mass structures of rocky excavated slopes in mining engineering were investigated and studied.The predominant structural planes were grouped，and the mining slopes were divided geometrically and lithologically into several sections.The associations of predominant structural planes with the inclining direction/angle of step excavation slopes were intuitively analyzed on Dips.Based on this，the occurring conditions for the failure type due to mining step excavated slope are discussed.The targeted engineering treatment measures should be applied after excavation of mining step slopes.The step slopes in danger areas can be sectionally treated by analyzing the possible areas and positions of structural planes′ stereographic projection.Thereby，safety production and cost saving in mines can be both guaranteed.
    Study on the Economical and Intensive Land Use Technology for Mine Construction
    LAI Xin-Peng
    2015, 44(02):  155-159. 
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    Economical and intensive land use has always been one of the research topics for mine construction.Based on the design and construction of a metallurgical mine project,the sharing of social resources,combined and intensive construction,advanced and efficient technology of filling and mining,scientific and reasonable overall layout plan and vertical design,and land acquisition in phases,were studied so as to reasonably control the indexes of land use for construction,optimize the arrangement of land use and enhance the utilization ratio of mineral resources and the contribution of land resources to the economic and social development.In this way,the mine has noticeably saved the construction land of 327.67 hm2.Thus,it is very essential to study on economical and intensive land use technology in mine construction at the design stage.The wastes in mine production can be fully recycled to eliminate the discharge of pollutants and protect the ecological environment to the maximum.Land reclamation plays an important role in economical and intensive land use,so the mine design should cover the planning of land reclamation after construction,so as to facilitate the economical and intensive land use of mine construction,promote sustainable social development and realize sustainable utilization of land resources.
    Release Law of Manganese,Zinc and Arsenic out of Cassiterite Polymetallic Sulfide Ore Tailings in Dachang
    LIU Yi-Zhen, MO Wei, ZHANG Xu-Yuan, MA Shao-Jian, WU Bo-Zeng, CHEN Jin-Quan
    2015, 44(02):  160-165. 
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    Fenghuang Dressing Plant of Dachang in Guangxi Province is planning to deal with the cassiterite sulfide ore.Effects of soaking solution pH,liquid-solid ratio,stack height on release behavior of Mn,Zn,As in tailings,as well as pH values at various conditions,are investigated through the column static soaking immersion tests.Results indicated that: ①when the initial pH,liquid-solid ratio,and stack height are different,and as the leaching time extended,release concentration of Mn and Zn is dropped dramatically first and then went steady.The cumulative release was rapidly increased first and then grown slowly.Meanwhile,As leaching concentration as well as cumulative release are nearly linearly increased,and the pH value of the soaking solution is neutralized from 7.2 to 8.0.②Mn and Zn releases are the easiest when the initial pH is 3.5,a little hard with pH value of 5.5,and the hardest when pH is 4.5,but the initial pH value has no influence on As leaching behavior; The higher of liquid-solid ratio,the more easily Mn,Zn and As is leached; Stack height of tailings has little influence on leaching behavior of Mn,Zn and As.③Within the test range,the release of Mn is very low,as well as Zn and As,and the corresponding maximum leaching amount is 14.505,13.471,0.768 mg/kg respectively.The research results above provide some references for heavy metal pollution prevention and control in the field of tailings dam.
    Experimental Study of High-strength Concrete with Waste Rocks and Iron Tailings as Aggregates
    CHEN Xing-Jie, NI Wen, WU Hui, TANG Chang, CHOU Xia-Jie
    2015, 44(02):  166-172. 
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    From viewpoints of resources regeneration，environmental protection and circular economy，the re-graded waste rocks in Miyun area were prepared as coarse aggregate，and iron tailings were prepared as fine aggregate.Then，iron tailings，blast furnace slag，cement clinker and FGD gypsum were mixed and ground to produce the mixture.Steel slag that was ground alone are together with the mixture to prepare cementitious materials.The high-strength concrete materials were produced with the cementitious materials and aggregates，by adding water- reducing agent and water.The changes of microstructure and phase composition of the high- strength concrete were studied by XRD，SEM，EDS，et al.Based on this，its reaction mechanism is analyzed.The produced concrete materials obtained the compressive strength as high as 75.92 MPa at 28 d and the content of wastes in products reached 91%.The replacement ratio of natural sands and rocks was 100% while natural sands were replaced by Miyun iron tailings and natural rocks were replaced by Miyun waste rocks.
    Magnetizing Roast-Low Intensity Magnetic Separation of a Specularite Tailing from Gansu
    SU Tao, CHEN Tie-Jun, WANG Bo
    2015, 44(02):  173-176. 
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    There are 22.39% iron in specularite tailing from Gansu.Iron mainly exists in form of specularite,and then siderite.In order to provide technical basis for comprehensive utilization of the tailing,the process of magnetizing roast-low intensity magnetic separation was carried out with half coking coal produced by a coking plant in Gansu Province as reductant.The results indicated that: with coal fines to raw tailings mass ratio of 1.5%,roasting at 750 ℃ for 60 min,most of specularite and siderite in tailings were converted to magnetite.With the roast product grinding at 87.36% passing 0.074 mm,and through the process of one rough low intensity magnetic separation,one scavenging low intensity magnetic separation,and mixed rough concentrate screened by 0.045 mm size,one cleaning low intensity magnetic separation for underflows,and concentrate mixed with the overflows,the iron concentrate with iron grade of 54.57% and recovery of 78.97% was achieved finally.
    The Utilization and Development Status of Metallurgical Solid Waste Resource
    YU Xian-Kun, YANG Hong, HUA Shao-Guang
    2015, 44(02):  177-180. 
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    Metallurgical process has produced a great deal of metallurgical solid wastes.Due to the poor processing technology，these metallurgical solid wastes have not been recovered or treated promptly and effectively，and result in environmental problems，such as heavy metal pollution in soil and water.According to the characteristics of the metallurgical industry in China， the types and sources，as well as the treatment and comprehensive utilization of the metallurgical solid wastes，were analyzed.The recycling way，advantages and disadvantages in application of metallurgical slag to steel slag magnetic separation in addition to iron， steel slag to return composite powder sintering，steel slag，slag，steel slag cement，and building materials products were introduced.The source，characteristics and recovery technology of blast furnace dusts and steelmaking dusts were analyzed.In addition，several kinds of main steel slag processing technology and metallurgical dust slime recovery technology were pointed out，and the problems existing in the waste comprehensive utilization of resources on the iron and steel enterprises in China were given.The resource processing development trend of metallurgical solid wastes was put forwards，such as expanding to the Marine ecological protection，sensible heat power generation project and other new fields.