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    15 January 2015, Volume 44 Issue 01
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    Research and Development of an Effective Combined Backfilled Retaining Wall for Mine
    XU Shuai, ZHANG Yue-Xia, LI Yuan-Hui, SI Cheng-Bin
    2015, 44(01):  1-5. 
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    Construction of the retaining wall is one of the necessary processes of waste fill mining methods,and the quality of the retaining wall relates to the safety and efficiency of filling.At present,a variety of retaining walls are applied in mine,but there are many defects among these retaining walls,such as high labor intensity,insufficient flexural capacity,long installation time,low repeat utilization,running sand easily,slurry leakage and so on.In order to overcome the defects of the existing retaining wall,and improve the security and efficiency of the retaining wall,a combined filling retaining wall that is elastic and conveniently disassembling is put forward.Based on theoretical calculation,the reasonable size of retaining wall components was chosen.At the same time,the numerical analysis software is applied to make simulation calculation and optimize the structural parameters.The calculation results show that the combined-type filling retaining wall has the advantages of higher strength,higher filling height and reuse,compared with other retaining wall.It can raise the building speed of the retaining wall significantly,improve the building quality and repeated utilization of the retaining wall,and prevent the running sand and slurry leakage accidents effectively,thus raising the efficiency of filling.
    Transformation of Large Capacity Continuous Filling System in Large Horizontal Sand Silo
    LOU Guang-Wen
    2015, 44(01):  6-9. 
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    With the filling technique widely used in underground mines，the selection of filling process and equipment influencing the filling effect is particularly significant.Currently，high concentration of whole tailings backfill technique owns feature of less water bleeding，high rate of roof contact etc，which are widely favored by mining enterprises.Taking Wuji Iron Mine of Anhui Dachang Mineral Product Trade Co.，Ltd.(southern section) for example，a comprehensive analysis on the problem on its production process and the process of filling stations in operation encountered is carried out，and then technological transformation tests on the filling system are taken.It is drawn that the air and water combined approach is an effective way to solve the horizontal sand liquidity.Joint with the tests and in accordance with the physical properties of the tailings，and the geometric parameters of sand silo，the mud system of filling stations was transformed to divide the sand silo into three zones along the length of the sand silo，namely mud area，handling areas，and heap sand area.After the transformation of sand silo，the problem of plugging is solved which makes a more stable release of mortar concentration，and the sand tailings accumulation in the storage is eliminated，by which the recycling rate of sand silo is improved，the quality of the filling body is ensured and the cost of filling is reduced.What's more，the sand silo has characteristics of simple process and high operability after the transformation.Through the mud transformation and usage of horizontal sand silo，a combination of gas and water can achieve large-capacity continuous filling.
    Similar Material Simulation Experiment on Overburden Rock Movement of Close-distance Coal Seams
    GUO Cong-Jun, 南Cun-Quan , WANG Dong
    2015, 44(01):  10-15. 
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    In order to study the law of overburden rock movement and bed separation development in close distance coal seams，the movement of overburden rock when downward mining of close distance coal seams is simulated through similar material simulation experiment.The digital image correlation method is applied to measure displacement points and obtain displacement data of the measured points.The cluster analysis is used to classify the measured points and obtain the specific scope of the three zones under mining influence.According to the analysis on the displacement process of measured point，it has a feature of continuity and mutability.The expansion of the mining influence scope is in lateral spreading and vertical extension; When lower coal seam is explored，the maximal displacement point is behind the shortening distance of working face.Bed separation during upper coal seam mining is transformed into caving at lower coal seam mining.By analyzing the extension of the bed separation，it is concluded that the direction of the bed separation is in vertical and horizontal extension，and experiences the process of development-expansion-mutation-close.It is found that the bed separation rate curve of the row and column survey line is in double-humped shape.On row survey line，the causes for bed-separation rate curve，peak point size relations，and position change are analyzed，it is concluded that the peak point of the upper rock stratum are in internal displacement with that the lower rock stratum，the peak point nears to the fracture line，and the trough is located in the middle of goaf.From bed separation rate curve of the column survey line，it is obtained that the peak point is in bed separation.The closed area of bed separation is on the left of peak，and the development area is on the right.The trough on the right side of peak point is the position of key stratum; Peaks discontinuously moves and leaps to the right with coal seam mining.The discriminant method for weighting moment is given，finding that outer envelop curve exists on displacement curve of measuring point on mining influence zone.The identification method for key stratum is given，obtaining that the position of key stratum move up during lower coal seams mining.
    Simulation on Surface Subsidence Induced by Mining of Gentle Inclined Deposit
    ZHOU Xiao-Chao, ZHOU Ming, LI Xiao-Wu
    2015, 44(01):  16-19. 
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    In order to maximize the exploitation of underground ore body and ensure the safety of surface structures on ground，based on a mining engineering example of gentle inclined polymetallic deposit with open-stope method，a three-dimensional model was established with the FLAC3D and the rules of surface subsidence were simulated with the TECPLOT.Eventually，the curve chart of surface settlement was plotted in accordance with the simulated results.The results showed that the subsidence contour line basically follows the sinking form.The surface depression above mined-out area appears maximum and the further away from center is，the smaller subsidence value on the same direction is.The largest surface deposition distance is 120.9 mm，and other surface structures are out of mining damage except for Yangjiacun in dangerous area with the largest settling value of 24 mm.The simulated results of subsidence provide a certain theoretical foundation for exploiting the ore body underground and investigating the incidence with surface structures，which has a crucial practical significance.
    Stripping and Mining Engineering Splice during the River Diversion in Yuanbaoshan Surface Mine
    BAI Run-Cai, WU Dong-Hai, LIU Guang-Wei, CAO Bo, BAI Yu
    2015, 44(01):  20-24. 
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    Aiming at the problems such as the production stripping ratio fluctuation caused by rivers in surface mine limit and the difficulties in connecting stripping and mining engineering，double pits coordinated mining method is put forward to regulate stripping ratio，increase the recover rate of resources，ensure the smooth connection of stripping and mining engineering.The applicable conditions for double pits coordinated mining，principles to decide the position of initial trenching，calculation method for advanced pit parameters and optimization of engineering splicing location are introduced in detail，and the difficulties in connecting stripping and mining engineering that occurred during the second river diversion in Yuanbaoshan surface mine is analyzed as a case.The results show that：the double pits coordinated mining method can effectively regulate the stripping ratio，get a smooth transition in the mining engineering，and thus significantly improve the economic efficiency of mine.
    Experimental Study on Settling Characteristics of Full Tailings Slurry Mixed with Cement Based on Orthogonal Test
    HOU Yun-Bing, LAN Shi-Zhong, XU Wen-Bin, LI Peng, CHEN Lin-Lin
    2015, 44(01):  25-28. 
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    The cementation and discharging process of tailings has become a new way of tailings processing in China.Taking full tailings slurry mixed with cement from an iron ore in Anhui as the experimental materials，by adopting the orthogonal design method and the extremum difference analysis method，the influence of weight concentration，cement-tailings ratio and cementitious materials on settlement characteristics are studied and contrasted.The experimental results show that among three factors of weight concentration，cement-tailings ratio and cementitious materials，the weight concentration has a maximum effect，followed by cementitious materials and cement-failings ratio in order.That is，the effect of weight concentration on the slurry settlement characteristics is most significant.In the experiment，under the condition of the concentration 78%，the cement-failings ratio 8%，and the cementitious materials type of TC-II，both the settlement and the sedimentation velocity of the full tailings slurry mixed with cement are minimal.So the final formula with the slurry concentration of 75%~78%，cement-failings ratio of 8% and cementitious materials of TC-II is recommended.
    Time History Analysis of Slope Stability under the Blasting Loading
    CHEN Peng-Hui, LOU Xiao-Ming, ZHOU Wen-Hai
    2015, 44(01):  29-33. 
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    For the significant impact of blasting on slope stability during open-pit mining process,the dynamic finite element method is used to analyze the variation of slope stability with the time in blasting.Firstly,the finite element model of mine slope is established,then the finite element strength reduction method is adopted to get the most dangerous sliding surface and safety coefficient of the slope.After that,based on the most dangerous sliding surface obtained,a three-dimensional entity model of slope and explosives was created,the blasting parameters are arranged and the initiation time for each hole is set up.Next,this model is calculated after the initiation.The dynamic response process after slope explosive for 30 s is solved by LS-DYNA large dynamic finite element program.Combining with the limit equilibrium method and dynamic finite element method,the safety factors of slope at every moment under unified detonation are calculated.Slope stability should be comprehensively evaluated by the time-history safety coefficient and whether the elements of the sliding surface are destroyed at the same time.The simulation results can dynamically display the security status of slope blasting process,and the result is very close to that by the limit equilibrium method.This research could make a reference for the blasting design.
    Safety Coefficient Analysis in Underhand Drift Section Based on Economic Index
    JI Yong-Gang, PENG Kang, ZHAO Jie, Li-Ji-Yu
    2015, 44(01):  34-38. 
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    To achieve an efficient and safe operation in Underhand drift stoping，the mechanical model of thin plate with downward drift was built by using elasticity mechanics and a criterion for tensile strength failure of filling body was obtained.Then the economic model of downward drift stoping P(h/M) was built.In the case of a gold mine in Shandong，the relationship between height and width of different drifts and economical index of downward drift filling was analyzed when safety coefficient is 1.8.Research shows that the relationship between economical index and drift width is in linear growth，while the relationship between economical index and drift height is a negative power function.When M≤1.5 m，economical index drops significantly.While economical index falls slowly as M>1.5 m.Therefore，the economical index is analyzed when a half width of drift ranges between 1.3 m and 1.7 m，and height ranges between 2.8 m and 3.6 m.It is recommended that the analysis results of safety factor，l=1.5 m，M=3.6 m，h=1.49 m，should be substituted by analysis results of economical indexes l=1.4 m，M=3.6 m，h=1.40 m，for the filling cost has decreased by 1.64 yuan per cubic meter.Therefore，this research has great theoretic value and realism significance.
    Optimization of Stope Structure Parameter of Downward Drift Slicing and Cementing Fill Mining Method in Maoping Lead-zinc Mine
    ZHOU Gao-Ming, LI Ke-Gang, YU Shi-Zhao, WU Shun-Jiang
    2015, 44(01):  39-42. 
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    In order to discuss the rationality of stope structure parameters of downward drift slicing and cementing fill mining method in Maoping lead-zinc mine，the stope stability at different drift section size and buried depth were calculated by the numerical simulation method，and the change rules of stress and plastic zones of backfill roof and stope surrounding were analyzed systematically.The results show that：with the increasing of drift span and buried depth，the tensile stress at stope surrounding rock also increases gradually.When the drift span reaches 5 m，the tensile stress is very close to tensile strength of backfill，and if the mining depth over 560 m，the tensile stress zone almost expands to the whole surrounding rock，which indicates that the stope stability has reduced，and the stope is likely to fail.From the calculation results，the maximum drift span should not exceed 5 m at the current mining depth（the depth is 400~450 m)，and if we continue to deep mining at 3.5 m drift span，the biggest mining depth should be less than 600 m.Otherwise，it is hard to ensure the stope stability.
    Blasting Effect Evaluation and Optimization of Deerni Copper Mine in Qinghai
    ZHOU Yu, ZHOU Wen-Hai, LOU Xiao-Ming
    2015, 44(01):  43-46. 
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    There are always poor blasting effect in Qinghai Deerni Copper Mine.In view of the high level of big block rate，bad bottom conditions，dispersive blasting piles，low loading efficiency，and low production efficiency，the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model was used to evaluate and optimize the blasting effect at 4 254，4 398 m platform.Therefore，the open-pit mine blasting effect evaluation model was set up，and the weight of the quantization of the qualitative index，and the non-dimensionalizing of the quantitative index are determined by means of mathematical fitting methods and considering the relationship between each evaluation sub-system.Based on these，the comprehensive evaluation model for blasting effect of Deerni Copper Mine is formed，and the evaluation results are calculated and analyzed.The key factors of affecting the blasting such as over or less drilling in on-site field，unreasonable charging structure，insufficient filling height，and non-matching between the blasting network design and the demand resulted from the improper management are summarized.Based on the current situation and the comparative tests，the blasting process design is modified in the light of the specific geological conditions in construction for separately designing the common platform and two kinds of blasting network diagrams near the slope.The results show that the evaluation model can guide the blasting in Deerni Copper Mine and improve the blasting effect，and the ability of mine production，as well as economic efficiency.So it offers some guiding significance for improving the blasting effect of open-pit mine.
    Determination of Shift Spacing in Semi-continuous Process of Heidaigou Surface Mine
    WANG Dong-Dong, CHE Feng, LI Xin-Jian, YANG Fei
    2015, 44(01):  47-49. 
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    In the process of open-pit mining，there always exists problems like shifting the equipment and the haulage lines.Frequent shifting work will slow down the schedule and reduce the efficiency.However，without shifting，the longer transport distance will affect the production plan and reduce the economic benefits.Therefore，determining a reasonable shift spacing plays a significant role in mine production.With Heidaigou Surface Mine as the research object，according to the actual open-pit mine production and mining theory basis，the factors of affecting shift spacing to the middle coal channel was analyzed in detail.The mathematical model of shift spacing for coal channel was founded，through mathematical modeling method.What′s more，based on the shifting feature of groups of crushing stations，the shifting spacing model for the shift compensation was established to determine the occasion to start shifting.The shift optimization model reveals the influence of shift spacing to the mine economic benefit.The research has a certain guiding significance to the shifting of surface mine，which can improve the economic benefit of surface mine.
    Selection of a Copper Inhibitor for Separation of Copper-Molybdenum Mixed Concentrate
    WU Gui-Ye, XU Lian-Hua, WANG Jin-Ling, ZHANG Jie, HU Zhi-Qiang, LIU Long-Li
    2015, 44(01):  50-53. 
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    Whether Chalcopyrite can be effectively depressed or not is the key to realize the separation of copper-molybdenum，while Na2S and other traditional inhibitors mostly have problems of the large dosages，serious environmental pollution，damage to the health etc.In order to obtain high efficient inhibitors of less toxic and dosage，three kinds of new organic inhibitors are designed and synthesized with CAMD technology and compared with three conventional inhibitors in interaction with chalcopyrite for calculation of energy change respectively.Comparison tests for actual inhibitory effect are conducted，and the optimum pH value is determined when the inhibitor has best performance.The strength order of the interaction energy with chalcopyrite by MS software is BK511>BK509>BK516> sodium thioglycolate>Na2S>NaHS，which shows that BK511 has the best copper depression performance in copper-molybdenum separation.BK511 has better performance in alkaline environment for copper depression and molybdenum flotation.With BK511 total dosage of 7.4 kg/t，through the process of two roughing-one cleaning，regrinding(78% -0.038 mm) and five cleanings，middllings back to the flowsheet in turn，molybdenum concentrate with molybdenum grade and recovery of 46.31%，89.94%，and copper content of 1.04%，copper concentrate with copper grade of 22.69% and recovery of 99.97%，molybdenum content of 0.033% are obtained.Dosage of BK511 is obviously lower than that of Na2S，which greatly reduces the environmental pollution.
    Optimization of Zinc Recovery Process on a Marmatite Ore in Mongolia
    CHEN Ming-Yu, LIAO Xiang
    2015, 44(01):  54-57. 
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    Main metallic minerals of a high iron and sulfur marmatite ore in Mongolia are mainly magnetite,sphalerite,pyrite,etc.Sphalerite is distributed in irregular granular and closely embedded with pyrite,magnetite,etc.The process of one roughing-three cleaning-two scavenging,tailings of one stage cleaning return to grinding for zinc flotation process is adopted,while the index is poor.To improve the zinc concentrate index,tests on reagent dosages of zinc flotation are made,as well as comparison tests of zinc flotation before and after process optimization.Results indicated that,zinc concentrate with zinc grade of 50.98% and recovery of 91.10% is obtained through simulated on-site closed circuit process,while zinc concentrate with zinc grade of 52.02% and recovery of 92.39% is obtained through optimized process of one scavenging concentrate also returned to grinding.Zinc grade and recovery are increased by 1.04 and 1.29 percentage points respectively through optimization.
    Flotation Experiments of a Low-grade Scheelite
    SHAO Hui
    2015, 44(01):  58-61. 
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    A low grade scheelite in Jiangxi with WO3 grade of 0.21%,90.48% tungsten exists in form of scheelite.Both low grade and complex disseminated relationship of the scheelite make it difficult to be recovered.For the development and utilization of the ore,beneficiation tests on the ore are conducted.Results show that by adopting the flotation process of one roughing,three cleaning,three scavenging at room temperature,concentrate are enriched to 50%~60% in density,then heated to 90~95 ℃,with stirring and desorption for 60 min.Through another heated process of one roughing,three cleaning,three scavenging,concentrate with WO3 grade and recovery of 68.19% and 74.68% respectively is achieved.
    Immobilized Technology of Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans and Its Application
    LIAO Ze-Jun, SHI Wen-Ge
    2015, 44(01):  62-66. 
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    College of Nuclear Resources Engineering,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an important bacteria for ore-leaching.Cell immobi-lized technology can limit the bacteria within a particular region,increase the density of bacteria,effectively increase the oxidability on Fe2+ and low-valent sulfur,improve the stability and me-chanical intensity,simplify the conditions of production,and ultimately improve the economic benefits of industrial production.Materials used by this technique include the organic materials,inorganic materials and artificial synthetic materials.Immobilized methods involved include adsorption method,embedding cross methods,cross-linking methods,new immobilization methods,et al.The immobilized technology has a good application prospect in the field of bioleaching and bio-desulfurization,development of which establishes the foundation for realizing its industri-alization.
    Biooxidation-Cyanide-free Gold Leaching of a Refractory Gold Ore Containing Arsenic in Sichuan Province
    FU Kai-Bin, DONG Fa-Qin, CHEN Shu, WANG Xin-Feng
    2015, 44(01):  67-71. 
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    Gold in a high-As and high-S gold concentrate was mainly electrum.Gold is mainly hosted in pyrite and arsenopyrite.Au-carrier minerals are fine disseminated in sulfide minerals，hitherto regarded as difficult to be extracted with conventional CIP（Carbon in Pulp) process.Biooxidation pretreatment and cyanide-free gold leaching were investigated to extract gold by a high-effective and low toxicity method.The mixture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans was used as oxidation pretreatment microorganism.For gold concentrate（46.87 g/t Au，8.56% As，15.08% S) with particle size of less than 45 μm，at pH=2，pulp density of 120 g/L，initial ［Fe2+］=1.5 g/L，and inoculum of 20%，bio-oxidation pretreatment for 12 d，and novel cyanide-free reagent dosage of 4 kg/t leaching for 4 h，the extraction rate of gold can reach 81.67%，higher than CIP of 60 percentage points.The gold leaching index is good.
    Study on Process Mineralogy for a Copper Ore in Zambia
    KONG Ling-Cai, LI Zheng-Yao
    2015, 44(01):  72-76. 
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    A certain copper ore in Zambia is a kind of oxidized ore with high proportion of combined phases，in which the grade of copper is 2.10%，and grade of other associated valuable elements such as Fe，Au，Ag，and Co are 24.20%，0.20 g/t，7.60 g/t，and 0.05% respectively.In order to determine the proper beneficiation process，study on process mineralogy of this copper ore was made.The results show that ①the mineral composition is complex and the main useful minerals include hematite-limonite，magnetite，chalcosiderite，green chalcosiderite，pseudo-malachite and so on.②the mineral structures mainly include vesicular，crumby，disseminated granular，riband-striped，circle-like，metacolloform，miarolitic，and veinlet structures，the mineral textures mainly include xenomorphic granular，cryptocrystalline，sarciniform，pectination，columnar and metasomatic.③copper in chalcosiderite，green chalcosiderite and pseudo-malachite account for 41.03%，40.27%，and 15.35% of the total copper respectively.Chalcosiderite and green chalcosiderite are all cryptocrystalline aggregation with particle size of 0.01～0.5 mm.The particle size of pseudo-malachite is generally within the range from 0.01 to 0.4 mm，and few reach up to 0.8 mm.The particle size of hematite-limonite is generally within the range from 0.01 to 0.5 mm，and few reach up to 4 mm.The particle size of magnetite is larger，which is generally within the range from 0.1 to 0.2 mm.Therefore，this kind of copper ore belongs to refractory multi-metal oxidized ore.
    Analysis of Permeability Coefficient of Rock Mass in Xinli Mining Area Based on the Stochastic Structural Model
    WANG Jian-Bo, ZHANG Yong-Liang, LI Wei
    2015, 44(01):  77-81. 
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    In order to grasp the water seepage characteristics of underground rocks in Sanshandao Gold Mine，and ensure the mining production safety at seabed，the hydrological and geological features of Xinli mining area is analyzed，and the water bursting points at -105 m and -135 m middle section are investigated，and hydraulic connections of every seepage zone in the middle are built.The permeability coefficient tensor of rock mass in Xinli mining area is researched.A large measurement area is divided into various small survey zones in a measurement plane，and then the measured data from some small zones are merged together，obtaining the measurement results of different areas.Based on the calculation program of permeability tensor，the permeability coefficient tensor and the overall permeability conductivity at -105 m and -135 m middle section are calculated out.According to the statistics of out-crop sampling in Xinli mining area，the geometry parameter probability distribution model of rock structural plane is established.The random simulation calculation of the rock structural plane in Xinli mining area is carried out to obtain the connectivity rate of rock structural plane，and correct the rock permeability coefficient.The measured results show that the permeability coefficient n the ideal condition of the corrected connectivity rate has a good practical application value.
    Geophysical Characteristics and Anomaly Model of the Luming Molybdenum Deposit in Heilongjiang Province
    HU Yao-Xing, ZHANG Bing
    2015, 44(01):  82-85. 
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    The porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit is the main source of copper and molybdenum and the main direction of geological prospecting due to its characteristics of large scale，shallow bury and easy exploitation.So，it has great significance to investigate the prospecting method of porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit.Taking the Luming molybdenum deposit（the typical porphyry deposit for which the detailed survey and exploration work have been done) as the research object，various geophysical exploration methods including gravity and magnetic anomaly，induced polarization，high density resistivity and controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric(CSAMT)are adopted to systematically analyze the geophysical anomaly characteristics of the mining area，combining with the ore deposit geology characteristics of parts of the ore-body.The geological and geophysical model of mining area is established，and the geophysical exploration methods and implementation steps for seeking for this type of ore deposit are summarized.The above research results can provide some references for the prospecting work in the mining area and the similar areas.
    The Geological and Geochemical Characteristics and the Implication of Manganese Rock Series in Gaoyan，Chongqing
    ZHANG Jun, ZHU Ming-Zhong, LI Yu-Sheng, WU Xin-Yong, ZHANG Zi-Xian
    2015, 44(01):  86-89. 
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    Taking the Gaoyan manganese ore in Chengkou county，Chongqing city as the research object，the core logging for No.ZK127-7# drill core is carried out.The revealed strata from the drill core are quaternary sediments，Dengying formation of upper sinian system and Doushantuo formation of lower sinian system from top to bottom.Manganese ore mainly occurs at the top of the Doushantuo formation，and it is strictly controlled by the output of the strata.The manganese ore series are systematically sampled so as to survey the concentrations of Mn，Fe，P，SiO2，CaO，MgO，Al2O3 and LOI.The research shows that，there are great differences among the content of each component，the content distribution form of SiO2 is similar to that of Al2O3 and Fe and opposite to that of MgO，CaO or LOI.The characteristics of consistency and difference of each component are confirmed by the correlation analysis results of different components.The elements ratio value of Mn/Fe，SiO2/Al2O3 and Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) indicated that，the separation phenomenon of Mn and Fe in manganese rock series appears during the mineralization process.Manganese ore layer is formed in a humid environment with hydrothermal injection.
    Lithophase Characteristics of Toutunhe Formation and Its Control on Uranium Mineralization in Honghaigou Uranium Deposit
    QIU Yu-Bo, YI Hai-Sheng, LUO Xing-Gang, WANG Mao-Mao, QIAO Qi, LIU Jie
    2015, 44(01):  90-93. 
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    Toutunhe formation is the new-discovered stratum bearing sandstone-type uranium ore in Yili Basin in recent years.The lithology-lithophase characteristics that are the important ore-controlling factors of Tountunhe formation of Honghaigou uranium deposit in southern margin of Yili Basin is analyzed systemically so as to discover its special metallogenic regularity and to provide important theoretical evidence for the following uranium exploration work in Yili Basin.According to the characteristics of lithology，development of sandbody，and the ratio of sand to stratum，and combing with the evolution of regional sedimentary sysyem，it is concluded that，Toutunhe formation is a main channel along west to east.Both sides of the channel is the flood land，and outside of the flood land is the floodplain.In the local area of the main channel，the sandbody becomes thinner，and the sandbody is the mudflat deposition in the middle of channel.The sedimentary environment in the sedimentary period，the development of mudflat in the middle of channel and the phase change of sedimentary micro-phase are the important ore-controlling factors for uranium mineralization.The ore-bearing fluid that is perpendicular to the direction of the channel seeps and forms the industrial uranium orebody eventually，which is the special metallogenic model compared with other ore-bearing stratum in Yili Basin.
    Prediction of Surrounding Rock Deformation in Roadway with Soft Rock Based on Grey Model Groups
    GAO Ning, ZHU Bao-Xun, LI Jian-Gang
    2015, 44(01):  94-97. 
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    With the increasing of mining depth，more and more problems in roadway supporting with soft rock are becoming serious.The deformation monitoring and predicting of surrounding rock have important guiding significance for the roadway supporting design and maintenance.The traditional forecasting method is mainly based on the rock mechanics，with complex calculation.Based on the original survey data of the surrounding rock deformation in tunnels，and with the aid of the grey theory，the grey prediction model groups of the soft surrounding rock deformation in tunnels is established，including all data GM(1,1) model，new information GM(1,1) model and metabolism GM(1,1) model.Then，the grey model groups are used to predict the surrounding rock deformation of the roof and floor and the two sides of roadway with soft rock.The research results show that，the grey model groups own a high precision in predicting the deformation.It can reflect the influence of the new information of surrounding deformation to the prediction results and make the prediction results more consistent with the actual situation of surrounding deformation.
    Hongling Lead-zinc Mine′s Virtual Reality Technology
    ZHAO Yong, YANG Tian-Hong, JIE Lian-Ku, ZHU Gen-Peng, HU Gao-Jian, ZHANG Fei
    2015, 44(01):  98-103. 
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    Combining with actual situation of Hongling Lead-zinc Mine,a set of mine virtual reality system based on the virtual reality technique was built.According to the shortcomings of the application of virtual reality technology in mine,the virtual reality software was secondly developed to strengthen the integration and visualization of the external data and to realize the true 3D display of seismic data,the stress field,displacement field,plastic zone and the theoretical results.This mine virtual reality system not only contains the 3D mine model scene,such as surface,industrial sites,ore,stope and drift,mining technology of animation,but also includes a display of some data,the numerical results.The system has the functions of virtual scene roaming,information query,data stereo presentation and interaction control function etc.Due to a large number of mined out area in Hongling Lead-zinc Mine,the stability of goaf is evaluated,the dangerous area is determined to improve the application of virtual reality technology in mining areas,through the interpretation and analysis of these important 3D data.
    Development of the Deformation Monitoring System of TM30 Measuring Robot Based on VB Jiang Chen，Zhang Shubi
    JIANG Chen, ZHANG Shu-Bi
    2015, 44(01):  104-107. 
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    The automatic deformation monitoring system of TM30 measuring robot based on VB language is developed，and the composition and data serial communication mode and data acquisition mode of the system are analyzed in detail.In order to improve the accuracy of the observation data，the observation data processing methods are discussed.Firstly，the original observation data is conducted on differential treatment so as to weaken the effect of public errors，Secondly，the deformation data signals is conducted on 3 layers wavelet decomposition based on the wavelet analysis toolkit of MATLAB software，and the wavelet decomposition coefficients are processed by soft threshold to weaken the effect of noise.Performance of the deformation monitoring system is tested by adopting the actual deformation monitoring data of Huaibei mining area，the test results show that，the accuracy and stability of the monitoring data are improved based on the processing methods of differential treatment and wavelet denoising，so the method can provide some reference for dealing with the deformation monitoring data of mining area.
    Plate-type Magnetic System Design Based on Computer Software Simulation
    LU Jun-Ying, WANG Hua-Jun, FANG Hao, FENG Zhi-Yuan, ZHANG Kai-Lu
    2015, 44(01):  108-112. 
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    Plate-type magnetic separator is a kind of new dry pretreatment equipment，developed by University of Science and Technology Beijing，applicable to poor magnetic ore at 20 mm or below.Magnetic system in plate-type magnetic separator is optimized by A.M.software.It is determined that magnetic block brand of NdFeB is N50，thickness 30 mm，vertical clearance 40 mm，Q235 for the magnetic backplane; On the base of simulation results，the measured magnetic induction intensity of physical model is closed to the simulated results，that is，the simulated results has good reliability.Results show that using computer software to simulate the magnetic field distribution of magnetic system can greatly reduce the workload and improve the reliability of the magnetic system design.
    Study on Effect of Cross-sectional Shape of Magnetic Matrices Based on ANSYS
    CHEN Hai-Jun, LI Mao-Lin, ZHENG Xia-Yu, CUI Rui, JIN Qiao
    2015, 44(01):  113-117. 
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    The cross-sectional shape of the magnetic media has great influence on the magnetic field characteristic,and suitable matrix cross-sectional shape can improve the recovery of micro-fine magnetic materials and reduce processing energy consumption.The magnetic field characteristics of three kinds of matrix,circular cross-section,elliptical cross-section,rhombus cross-section,with different cross-sectional shape under different background magnetic field strength were analyzed with ANSYS.The results showed that: within the entire range of background magnetic field strength,the magnetic force generated by elliptical cross-sectional shape matrix is higher than that of circular and rhombus,and the magnetic force is 1.5~2 times as much as that of circular matrix under a certain background magnetic field strength; when the background magnetic field strength is lower than 0.8 T,magnetic force generated by diamond cross-sectional matrix is higher than that of circular cross-sectional shape matrices.The relationship is opposite when the background magnetic field strength is higher than 0.8 T,the main reason for which is the magnetic saturation of the matrix ends under a low background magnetic field owning to its sharpness shape.
    Discussion on Feasibility for Substitution of Ceramic Filter Plate by Composite Organic Filter Plate
    YAO Guo-Xin, CHEN Xiang-Qing, XIONG Dao-Ling, ZHENG Hui-Hui, CHEN Jin-Zhou, YANG Jin-Xin
    2015, 44(01):  118-121. 
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    Ceramic filter is a kind of high efficient，energy saving，environmental friendly and widely used solid-liquid separation equipment.The working principle of ceramic filter is briefly described.Problems such as easily blockage，difficult to be cleaned，easily damaged in the coated flat，easily broken when cleaning，etc.that exist in currently widespread ceramic filter plate are pointed out.Characteristics of the new developed composite organic filter plate which is better than that of ceramic filter board are introduced.Experiments show that composite organic filter plate has obviously advantages in capacity，which can be increased by 14.85% compared with ceramic filter plate，while composite organic filter plate is slightly inferior to the ceramic filter board in dehydration，and its moisture content is 0.57 percentage points higher than that of ceramic filter board.Obviously，composite organic filter plate is beneficial to improve the work efficiency of ceramic filter and the enterprise economic benefits，which will have a wide application prospect.
    Optimization of Ventilation System in Large-scale Mechanized Metal Mine
    GONG Kai-Fu, LI Xi-Bing, LI Guo-Yuan, SHI Zeng-Hui
    2015, 44(01):  122-127. 
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    In order to improve the underground ventilation effect in the large-scale trackless mechanized mine,the air volume required by trackless equipment in running was analyzed.Compared with the minimum dusting air speed in working face,and the air volume as maximum personals working at the same time,the minimum underground air-supply volume was determined; Ventilation network graph for underground mine was constructed based on Vensim software,and the wind flow path,fan parameters and structures were dynamically adjusted to realize more air volume for more trackless equipment,so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing the mine ventilation system.The ventilation effect in a large-scale trackless mechanized mine in Guizhou showed that the trackless equipment needs most of air volume,which are considered as the minimum ventilation volume of underground mine; In combination with Vensim ventilation network diagram,the positions of the fan and the structures were determined,and the air door opening and fan speed were dynamically adjusted to optimize the wind flow path and air volume; The rigid duct can greatly reduce the ventilation resistance.The optimization from several aspects above can improve ventilation effect of the large mechanized underground metal mine.
    Comprehensive Survey and Analysis of Underground Goafs in Open-pit Polymetallic Mine Cui Xiaorong1，Lin Moujin1，Zhang Weimin2，Zheng Bingxu1
    CUI Xiao-Rong, LIN Mou-Jin, ZHANG Wei-Min, ZHENG Bing-Xu
    2015, 44(01):  128-132. 
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    For the complex geological conditions of the open-pit polymetallic mines transferring from underground mines and the limitation of a single geophysical exploration or drilling method，the complicate underground goafs and the unknown underground goafs usually can not be detected effectively，even not be detected at all，which greatly threaten the safety of open pit mining.Therefore，in view of the feature of the open-pit polymetallic mines transferring from underground mines，the geophysical exploration and the drilling method are combined to survey the goafs consecutively.That is，the distribution of the underground goafs is detected by synthetical geophysical method；the real location of the underground goafs is defined by engineering drilling survey；and the specific parameters of the underground goafs are gained by the Cavity Auto-scanning Laser System.The three methods above can ensure all goafs detected and explore all the complicate underground goafs and the unknown underground goafs.According to practices，it is proved that the complicate underground goafs and the unknown underground goafs all can be analyzed comprehensively and systematically by this synthetical probing technique，which provides a foundation for the underground goafs disposing by blasting，and then achieve to explore resources with potential danger in safety.
    Influence of Strength of the Dump Granular Materials on the Potential Sliding Surface of Slope
    ZHANG Chun, WU Chao
    2015, 44(01):  133-137. 
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    High or super-high bench dump′s granular material block size distribution show obvious size grading characteristics，and its strength characteristics vary remarkably with pieces of cloth.The indoor direct shear tests reveal the rule of dump granular material strength parameters C、φ and block composition.On this basis，the strength reduction method is adopted to study the variation trend of the potential slip surface of slope and the safety coefficient at strength parameters varying with the height，through layering the dumps.The experimental research and the numerical simulation show that:the internal friction angle increases with coarse particle content increasing，showing as a linear relationship.Its cohesion varies as a curve，and its overall variation trend becomes more and more slight.The potential slip surface of slope is continuously sub-divided with the granular material layer.The outlet of potential sliding surface is moving upward，and the plastic zone is slightly expanding to be a final steady state; The safety coefficient decreases gradually with the increase of layer number.When the decrease reached a certain value（about 1.125)，the safety coefficient emerges a rising trend，but the trend is becoming stable with the increase of layers number.
    Prediction on Classification of Rock Burst Hazard Based on Fisher Discriminant Analysis
    SHAO Liang-杉, XU Bo
    2015, 44(01):  138-144. 
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    In view of the issues of rock-burst hazard classification in the mine，the factor analysis and Fisher discriminant analysis theory are applied to select coal thickness，coal seam dip angle，buried depth，structure condition，dip angle of coal seam，coal seam thickness changes and the gas concentration，the roof management，unloading，ring of coal guns as influence factors.Through the analysis of the correlation between the influencing factors，the appropriate public factors are extracted from the factors with strong correlation with the application of factor analysis.The Fisher discriminant analysis（FDA) model based on factor analysis is built to predict the rock-burst hazard rating.23 sets of measured data from Sichuan Yanshitai Mine are used as samples to make training.Then，the backward substitution method was adopted to verify the effectiveness of the model，with the misjudgment rate of 0.With another 12 groups of measured coal mine dynamic phenomena data that are not trained as cases，their hazard classification are predicted and compared with that obtained by the traditional Fisher discriminant method.The results show that the sample index number decreases and the correlation reduced by the factor analysis.It can effectively predict the level of rock burst hazards，and the prediction misjudgment rate is zero through this model.
    Fault Tree Analysis of Filling Pipeline Blockage
    ZHANG Qin-Li, WU Li-Hong, BIAN Ji-Wei
    2015, 44(01):  145-148. 
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    The stability of filling pipeline is the key to keep safe operation for the filling system，while filling pipeline blockage is the most frequent accident in slurry delivery process.In order to rationally analyze the direct and indirect causes for the filling pipeline blockage，and based on comprehensive analysis of accidents about the filling pipeline blockage，the fault tree model about filling pipeline blockage is established by using fault tree analysis of safety system engineering.By calculating minimal cut set，minimal path set and analyzing structure importance of basic event，the main factors influencing filling pipeline blockage are found out.The results show that there are 22 ways leading to the filling pipeline blockage，for example，objects fallen into，grizzly damage and improper pipe diameter，and 4 ways of preventing the filling pipeline blockage，including reasonable control of slurry ratio，elimination of management deficiencies，specifications of relevant design; Unreasonable amount of cement，unreasonable slurry ratio，more elbow and other 16 factors are the most important factors leading to the filling pipeline blockage.Fault tree analysis can make a comprehensive description about various factors which lead to filling pipeline blockage and the logical relationships among them.According to the structure importance，some corresponding prevention measures are put forward.It provides a reliable reference for safety management of filling pipeline.
    Preparation of Thermal Insulation Foam Material for Exterior Wall with Sandstone Coal Gangue
    SUN Xiao-Gang, LI Xiao-Qing, QIU Jing-Ping, XING Jun, ZHAO Ying-Liang
    2015, 44(01):  149-153. 
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    In order to seek the sources of raw materials for exterior foam insulation material，through optimizing of particle gradation，improving plasticity and adding inorganic plasticizer，techniques for increasing its plasticity and making the qualified product are found out，with the sandstone coal gangue and polishing tile waste as the main raw materials.Analysis is made on the effect of bulk density，compressive strength and thermal conductivity，with different amount of polishing tile waste and additive，to design the orthogonal experiment to determine the suitable additive content.The optimum sintering procedure is confirmed with orthogonal test of choosing preheating temperature，preheating time，sintering temperature and holding time as four main factors，which has great effect on the sintering procedure.The results provide a new way to produce new building materials for the comprehensive utilization of industrial waste.
    Iron Recovery from Copper and Sulfur Flotation Tailings of a High Sulfur and Low Copper Iron Ore in Western Henan
    吕Liang , MA Chi, GUO Zhen-Xu, YUE Tie-Bing, LI Wen-Jun, LIU Lei
    2015, 44(01):  154-156. 
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    There is little difficult-to-float pyrrhotite residual in copper and sulfur flotation tailings with iron grade of 26.06%,which will go to iron concentrate for its high magnetism during low intensity magnetic separation process,and cause sulfur content beyond the standard.In order to achieve qualified iron concentrate,desulfuration of iron concentrate from low intensity magnetic separation(LIMS) by reverse flotation is conducted.Results show that,through closed circuit process of one roughing-one cleaning-one scavenging and middles back to the flow-sheet in turn to deal with LIMS concentrate with 63.14% iron and 2.05% sulfur,qualified iron concentrate with iron grade of 64.53%,sulfur grade of 0.28% and iron recovery of 47.09% is achieved.Desulfuration of reverse flotation for LIMS iron concentrate has good index and can provide reference for on-site process transformation.
    Recovery Flotation of Copper and Gold from Copper Tailings in Guizhou Province
    LIU Bao, WANG Zi, SUN Qian-Yu, MANG Chang-Ye
    2015, 44(01):  157-160. 
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    For a copper tailing in Guizhou with fineness of 40.17% passing 200 mesh，its valuable minerals are mainly chalcopyrite，pyrite，pyrrhotite and bornite，with a small amount of gold and silver associated.Chalcopyrite，closely associated with pyrite，pyrrhotite，exists in fine or micro-fine form，some of which are too fine to be liberated.Gold mainly exists in form of natural gold or enclosed by chalcopyrite.In order to high-efficiently develop and utilize the secondary resources，the experiment on recovery of copper-gold is carried out.The results show that，at the grinding fineness of 80% passing 200 mesh，through the processes of one roughing-two cleanings-two scavengings，concentrate 2 regrounded to 85% passing 325 mesh and then through two cleanings，and middlings back to the flow-sheet in order，Cu-Ag concentrate with copper，gold，silver grade of 13.05%，18.75 g/t，229.62 g/t，and recovery of 58.70%，56.66%，43.72% is achieved respectively.
    Effect of Roasting System on Reduction Behavior of Cold Bond Pellets Made of Coal Slime-Zinc Leaching Residue
    YANG Hui-Fen, JIANG Bei-Ping, YUAN Yun-Bo, WANG Ya-Yun, YUAN Xiu-Xing
    2015, 44(01):  161-165. 
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    The effect of roasting system on lead and zinc evaporation rate，iron metallization rate of cold bond pellets made of coal slime-zinc leaching residue was investigated based on direct reduction.The influence of roasting system on phase change of Zn，Pb and Fe compounds in the pellets was analyzed.The process of grinding-low intensity magnetic separation for iron recovering is determined according experiments.Results show that calcined at 1 250 ℃for 90 min，the evaporation rate of lead 95.39% and zinc 98.87%，iron metallization rate of 98.66% were obtained.In the roasting products，diffraction peak of Zn，Pb monomer metals and its compounds disappeared，while more iron emerged，and majority of which are greater than 30 μm in particle size.Metallic iron powder with iron grade of 91.20% and recovery of 30.32%，and iron concentrate with iron grade of 61.58% and recovery of 50.01% were obtained through two stage grinding，two stage low intensity magnetic separation process，and the total iron recovery reaches 80.33%.
    Effect of Different Activators on Compressive Strength of Non-sintered Steel Slag Ceramsite
    YI Long-Sheng, KANG Lu-Liang, QI Li-Na, LI Xing, LI Qi-Rong
    2015, 44(01):  166-170. 
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    Compressive strength of non-sintered steel slag ceramsite，being added of different reagents of NaOH，CaO，gypsum，CaCl2，sodium silicate，curing at 3,7,28 d are detected.Effect of various activators on the compressive property of non-sintered steel slag ceramsite is analyzed and compared.The hydrate products of steel slag generated after activation are finally determined by XRD analysis.The test results show that the activators can destroy the vitreous network structure of the steel slag and release active ingredients sealed inside，such as ferro-silico aluminium，among which，the composite activator made up of NaOH and gypsum（ratio of which is 1∶1) has the best activation effect on non-sintered steel slag ceramsite.Activated by this activator，the hydrated mineral phase generated from steel slag is hedenbergite.
    Preparation of Fritted Glaze with Iron Ore Tailings in Chenchao and Its Colouration Mechanism
    SUI Yan-Li, WANG Ji-Quan, YANG Fang, GUO Lei-Chen, LI Bang-Cheng, LIN Zhi-Jing, SHI Qi, MAO Shao-Bo
    2015, 44(01):  171-175. 
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    The properties of the frit glaze affected by ceramic raw materials such as calcite，kaolin，quartz has been demonstrated by optimal experiments using Chengchao iron ore tailing as main raw material.Optimum dosages of calcite，kaolin and quartz are determined to obtain pure black fritted glaze.Influences on the quality of glaze surface and the colouration mechanism of fritted glaze also have been analyzed.Results shows that when the dosage of calcite，kaolin，quartz is 7.5%，4%，6% respectively of all fritted glaze materials，the glaze has the best comprehensive performance for absorption rate of 97%，glossiness of 78%，Moh′s hardness of 6.1，which fits the requirements of GB/T 5003-1999 standard.Calcite plays critical roles in reducing the high temperature viscosity，improving smoothness and glossiness of the glaze surface，decreasing the glaze tension to increase the adhesion between green body and glaze surface.Caolin can increase the suspension property of glaze slurry and the wettability between green body and glaze surface.Quartz can increase the strength and hardness of glaze and help to develop color evenly.The black color appeared in fritted black glaze is caused by the generation of tiny dark crystals like magnetite and hedenbergite，which are distributed evenly in glaze.Utilization of Chengchao iron ore tailings as secondary resources to prepare pure black fritted glaze can produce considerable economic benefits.
    Preparation of High Strength Concrete Using Fujian Lead-zinc Tailings and Slag Powder
    CHOU Xia-Jie, NI Wen
    2015, 44(01):  176-180. 
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    Influence factors of high strength concrete made from lead-zinc tailings and slag powder were discussed by orthogonal tests.Hydration products and their microstructure were analyzed by XRD and SEM.The results showed that:①high strength concrete with the compressive strength of 93.75 MPa at 28 d were prepared when the slag was milled for 60 min（the specific surface 625.6 m2/kg)，and the mass ratio of the lead-zinc tailings to slag is 1 to 1 milling for 60 min（the specific surface 719.1 m2/kg)，and the gypsum accounts for 2% of the cementitious materials.The XRD spectrum and the SEM photograph indicated that the early strength of the concrete is derived from the AFt and the C-S-H gel generated increasingly during the curing time.Meanwhile the AFt closely surrounded by C-S-H gel contributed to the main strength increasing in later stage.②AFt will be constantly generated in the system when the dosage of gypsum is excessive，AFt surface will burst owing to absorbing to much water，and then the compressive strength of concrete is decreased.