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    15 January 2016, Volume 45 Issue 01
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    The Comprehensive Evaluation of Bench Blasting Effect based on the Methods of Entropy-weight and Matter-element Extension
    REN Hai-Zhi, HONG Man-Qi
    2016, 45(01):  1-7. 
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    In order to evaluate the effect of bench blasting accurately，the matter-element extension theory is applied，and 11 main factors that affect the bench blasting are selected as the index of evaluating the bench blasting，including loose coefficient，toe rate，back crack distance，blasting vibration，flying distance，detonator consumption，blasted volume per meter，the boulder yield，muck pile profile，environmental impact，and explosive consumption，so as to establish the matter-element extension model for comprehensively evaluate the bench blasting.In order to remedy the defect at failure of the correlation function caused by that the feature value may exceed the joint domain，the bench blasting effect levels standards and the evaluating planning index were normalized by the membership function to determine the classical domain，joint domain and the matter element and to eliminate the influence of dimension.The entropy-weight method was used to confirm the weight of evaluation indicator，reducing the influence of subjective factors，to calculate out the correlation level of the matter element to be evaluated and the evaluation grade.Then，according to the maximum incidence degree criterion，the effect of bench blasting was evaluated comprehensively.In order to study the effectiveness and practicality of the model，the model was applied to four times of bench deep-hole blasting in Hongshuitai field-leveling projects.After analysis and calculation，the comprehensive evaluation result of bench blasting effect was obtained.It can be seen from the results that the evaluation effect of the model is the same as the actual situation.This method provides a new method for comprehensively evaluating the bench blasting effect.
    Effect of a New Type of Binder on the Strength of Cemented Backfill
    LI Hong, WU Ai-Xiang, HAN Bin, CHEN Hui
    2016, 45(01):  8-12. 
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    In order to make th backfill body meet the required strength to ensure safe mining，ground supporting and environmental conservation，the cemented powder was used to replace the traditional Portland cement，which is known for poor strength at early age and high costs in backfill process.A series of mixing proportion experiments were conducted with full tailings from an iron mine in Jilin.The two types of binder，the cemented powder and the ordinary Portland cement，were used respectively with different dosages to test the 28 d uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of their backfill samples.The results showed that the 28 d UCSs of the samples made from the cemented powder were observed to be 3~5 times of that of samples made from ordinary Portland cement.With each growth of 3% in binder dosage，the 28 d UCSs of the samples made from the cemented powder，which is proportional to the binder dosage and mass concentration，had an increase of 4~9 MPa.Therefore，a better mechanical property can be gained by slightly decreasing binder dosage and increasing slurry concentration，which consequently will contribute to lower producing costs and improving the economic benefits.
    Divided-flow Drawing Technology of Gently Inclined Medium-thick Broken Ore Bodies in Chambishi Copper Mine
    DING Hang-Xing, HAN Zhi-Yong, REN Feng-Yu, SUN Ming-Zhi, HU Ying-Peng
    2016, 45(01):  13-16. 
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    Gently inclined medium-thick ore body as a kind of hard-to-caving ore body has perplexed mineral engineering technicians for a long time.The pillarless sublevel caving with its advantages of safety，efficiency and adaptability can better explore this type of ore body.However，this method has problems of high footwall ore loss and dilution which usually affects its application.To solve this problem，under the background of caving gently inclined medium-thick ore body in Chambishi Copper Mine and based on the diversion effect of draw-point from stochastic medium theory of ore-drawing，a divided-flow drawing technology scheme with double drifts was put forward.In order to verify the feasibility of the scheme，ore drawing model was firstly established in the laboratory.Then according to the difference of drifts drawing sequence，three kinds of drawing scheme were designed.The experiment results show that the recovery indicators were better when drawing from the drift farther away from ore body.According to the laboratory experimental results，industrial tests were carried out in No.5 stope at 408 meters' level of Chambishi Copper Mine.In the tests，the recovery ratio was increased by 9.34%，and dilution ratio was decreased by 0.36%，so the experimental effect was very remarkable.
    Study on Development Principle of Multiple Resources Opencast Engineering
    GAO Shi-You, CAI Qing-Xiang, LI Jia-Bin, ZHOU Wei, LIU Yun-Xiao, WANG Jin-Hui
    2016, 45(01):  17-20. 
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    It is essential for the mining development speed to mine production.The surface mining field mathematical model about horizontal advance speed and mine engineering vertical extension speed is established to study the development principle of multiple resources surface mine engineering.Through analyzing the mining development relationship under three methods of work line propulsion，including advancing along the surface mine bottom，advancing along the ore body bottom and advancing along the roof rock body，the coupling formula of horizontal advancing speed and mine engineering vertical extension speed with different advancing methods was derived.Studies showed that the horizontal advancing speed and mine engineering vertical extension speed of multiple surface resources displayed as a positive correlation.Besides the self reason of the device，optimizing electric shovels working line length，and increasing electric shovels working time are effective ways to improve the development speed of mining engineering and improve the production capacity of surface mine.
    The Seismic Waves Propagation Attenuation Law Across the Channel and the Velocity Prediction
    LI Ze-An, HAO Cheng-Lei, ZHANG Jian-Hua
    2016, 45(01):  21-24. 
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    To analyze the impact of river on blasting seismic wave propagation and improve the velocity prediction accuracy of the measuring point across the river shore，the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software is adopted to set up different parameters of the channel model.The simulation results show that the peak velocity of measuring points has a negative correlation with the channel width；The change of channel depth and distance between channel and explosive source greatly affects the seismic wave propagation at the near area of river shore，but less at the far area of river shore；The depth of water has little impact on the spread of seismic wave.Combining with the simulation results and the dimension analysis method，the Sadov′s Vibration Formula is remedied and verified at Jinduicheng blasting experiments.The predicted blasting error is decreased by about 79.43%，compared with that of the previous Sadov′s vibration formula.It is more suitable to predict seismic wave spread velocity across the river.
    Influence of Mining Reserved Pillar on Backfill Body Stability in Broken Rocks
    LI Tao, WU Ai-Xiang, 吕Zhi-Wen , HAN Bin, LIU Chao, SUN Wei
    2016, 45(01):  25-28. 
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    To study the influence of mining reserved pillar on backfill body stability，a mining size scheme of 180 m×15 m×20 m (strike length × height ×width) for ore pillars is proposed by using a pillar design method by considering confinement factor and combining ore rock occurrence conditions in one gold mine.The mining of pillar between 590 and 605 mRL is numerically analyzed by using MAP3D software.The results indicate that the upper backfill body still keeps stable when the pillar is mined out in normal primary rock stress，and in worse primary rock stress，large portion of the upper backfill body is predicted to be in tension which means it may occur unstable failure.The empirical pillar design formula is modified by using limit equilibrium equation and the requirement of reducing the backfill body′s uniaxial compressive strength by reducing the stope span and strengthening supporting is put forward.This research conclusion can ensure the safety of mining out the reserved pillar and the stability of the upper backfill body.It also can provide design ideas for other similar mines.
    Similar Simulation on Press Ore Range of Open Pit in Dahongshan Iron Mine
    MA Xue-Yan, LIAN Min-Jie, HU Xing-Bao, PAN Jian
    2016, 45(01):  29-33. 
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    Due to open pit pressure limit，second phase project at underground can not keep stable till the end of stope mining in Dahongshan iron mine，and the mining method can not be transferred smoothly because of the ground pressure.In order to study on reasonable pressure ore area at open pit，the similar material simulation experiment is made to simulate the pillarless sublevel caving method in Dahongshan Iron Mine.According to the simulation of deformation，stress and displacement data in the process of the strata movement，combining comprehensive analysis on on-site data，the caving forms at gap，failure form at open pit and 70° pressure ore angle of open pit were gained.The reasonable pressure boundaries at open pit were redrawn by the 70° pressure ore angle，and the second phase project can last another two years in a safe condition till the open pit mining and its limit is over and smooth transition from pen pit and underground mining will be done at the same time.The study provides a good theoretical guidance to ensure mine safety with reasonable coordinate mining，and provides reference for the joint mining of corresponding surface and underground mines.
    Law of Overburden Strata Movement and Mining Roadway Deformation under Mining Influence in the Unequal Length of Working Face
    LU Bang-Wen, LIU Chang-Wu, XIE Hui, HE Tao, WANG Ding
    2016, 45(01):  34-38. 
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    Affected by fault，the length of 2225 working face in Xingdong coal mine，Jizhong Energy Resources Co.，Ltd.，presents 50 m，80 m and 126 m along with the drifting direction.In order to research the laws of overburden strata movement and roadway deformation under the influence of strata movement in the unequal length of working face，monitoring instruments were installed in the roof and floor stratum and surrounding rock of roadway to monitor the roof strata displacement，the destroyed floor depth and the roadway deformation.The results showed that：With working face advancing，there is a gradual increase for the laws of overburden strata movement and roadway deformation under the influence of strata movement.As for No.1 monitoring station，when the working face was -32～-42.8 m distant from the station，the displacement rate of floor strata was 4 mm/m，and the destroyed floor depth surpassed 45 m.As for No.3 monitoring station，when the working face was 40.1 m distant from the station，the relative displacement between roof and floor strata was about 0.45 m，the relative displacement between roadway's sides was about 0.5 m and the displacement rate was 20 mm/d.And there is a great influence for the length of working face to the disturbance and displacements of the floor strata，with a significant increase on the elongation of the working face length.As for No.2 monitoring station where the length of working face was 126m，the floor disturbance distance ahead was about 40.5 m，and the floor strata displacement was approximately 300 mm；by contrast；As for No.1 monitoring station where the length of working face was 50 m，the floor disturbance distance ahead was about 92.8 m，and the floor strata displacement was just 90 mm.
    Influence of Cemented Filling Strength to “Three-under” Surface Subsidence
    XU Fei, SHI Li
    2016, 45(01):  39-42. 
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    According to the subsidence caused by “three-under ” mining disturbance，combined with the full tailings cemented material test，FLAC3D is adopted to comprehensively analyze the surface subsidence and deformation caused by different strength of filling body in the backfill process of an iron-zinc mine.According to the mining rock mechanics parameters and the related experimental results，the settlement and deformation under different strength of the filling body are respectively simulated，and then the simulation results are optimized according to relevant criterion.It is determined that the strength of the filling body 0.8 MPa can guarantee the normal operation of the highway and the river with the surface settlement，and meanwhile ensure the smooth mining.
    Research on Safe and High-efficient Mining Technology of Residual Ores in Complex Goaf Groups
    LIU Jian-Dong, FENG Pan-Xue, XU Qian
    2016, 45(01):  43-46. 
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    The KEKETALE lead-zinc ore 7# experienced disordered mining，and a large number of irregular ore pillar and complex shape mined goaf with different size and level are formed.About four million tons of residual ores are left in the goaf.Enterprises faces with a very complex issue of goaf hidden trouble and residual ore mining.For the security requirements，a wide range of goaf must be caved at one times in the goaf groups processing，therefore the caving method must be efficient and practical.The goaf groups are divided into several large mining units.By means of whole region caving blasting technology based on bundle-hole variable resistance line，a lot of residual ores are caved orderly and drawn in concentration.In the process of eliminating goaf ground pressure，the recovery of residual resources is maximized for enterprises.Practice shows that the whole region caving method of bundle-hole resistance line blasting technology，is an effective technique to realize the safe and efficient mining of residual ore from complex goaf group.
    Strength Prediction of Unclassified Tailing Backfilling Based on Orthogonal-BP Neural Network
    LIU Heng-Liang, ZHANG Qin-Li, WANG Xin-Min, XIAO Chong-Chun
    2016, 45(01):  47-50. 
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    With the application of the unclassified tailing cemented filling in a mine，the water reducing agent is added to ensure the flow property of filling slurry.There exists more complex chemical-physical effect among various influencing factors of filling body strength.In order to grasp the effect law of various factors on the strength of filling body，and predict its strength accurately，the backfilling strength of cementing filling body prediction model is set up based on the BP neural network of orthogonal experiment.In the forecasting process，three factors and four levels orthogonal experiment scheme is designed as the research data base，considering slurry concentration，cement-sand ratio，water reducing agent adding proportion as the influencing factors，to improve the sample scientific credibility.The grey relational theory is used to analyze the effect law of every factors on the backfilling filling body：the biggest impact on the early strength of filling body (7 d) is slurry concentration，followed by cement-sand ratio，water reducing agent proportion.The late strength of filling body (28 d) is most affected by cement-sand ratio，then followed by slurry concentration，water reducing agent proportion.For purpose of predicting the strength of the backfilling filling body exactly，it regards 7 d，28 d strength as the output factor，and adopts BP neural network，and as a result the maximum relative error is 9.98%，the average relative error is 2.71%，which meets the requirements of filling body strength prediction，and has a good application value to the project.
    Determination of Reasonable Transition Point from Motor Transport to Combined Transport in Opencast Mine
    MU Chuan-Wei, FAN Zhi-Gang
    2016, 45(01):  51-54. 
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    The motor transport is economical in opencast in early period due to short distance，but becomes costly with the distance increasing.The initial investment of Auto-belt-dumping plough combined transport process is high but its operating cost is low.So it is the best transport mode instead of motor transport in the late period of mining.The occasion of adopting the combined transport plays an important rule in improving its economic advantage.It is the key link to find the reasonable transition point from motor transport to combined transport.Through decomposing operating costs of two transports item by item，a mathematical model of the operating costs is built based on the relevant factors to obtain the operation costs of each transport per unit by simulating a mine.Large sets of data processing is completed with the aid of excel.Through analyzing and comparing the calculated results，a reasonable and optimal transition point from motor transport to combined transport was determined as the fifth year.In this moment，the advantages of two transports could be complemented with each other to minimize the operating costs
    Selection of Mining Method and Optimization of Stope Structure Parameters in Wohushan Iron Ore
    ZANG Chuan-Wei, XI Jun-Hui, ZHOU Li-Chao, YANG Zhen-Zeng, LI Hua-Cheng
    2016, 45(01):  55-59. 
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    In order to improve the production capacity of Wohushan iron ore and meet the production requirements,the mining methods that are suitable for underground mining of Wohushan ore is found out.From the geological conditions,contrast on advantages and disadvantages of the upward horizontal slice stoping-filling method with pointed pillars and the upward high horizontal slice stoping-filling method in production is made.It is obtained that the later is more suitable for 25~24 ore block.In order to get the reasonable structure parameters for the mining method and achieve safe & efficient mining,FLAC3D simulation software is adopted to make numerical simulation on distribution regularity of the surrounding rock stress and displacement at different mining scheme.Effect of different stopes widths on stope stability is studied,thus finding that the suitable widths of stope and pillar are 11 m and 9 m respectively.The bolt length is gained from the bolt length and the empirical formula used by the mines at home and abroad,and pre-control roof supporting method adopts bolt support.The results have guiding significance for stoping of other ore block.
    Experiment on Beneficiation of a Refractory Iron Ore in Inner Mongolia
    LI Xiao-Bo, XU Xiao-Yi, LI Guo-Dong
    2016, 45(01):  60-63. 
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    In order to determine the process flow of fine particle，low grade and refractory iron ore in Inner Mongolia，experiments were carried out based on the analysis of ore properties.The results showed that low intensity magnetic concentrate with iron grade of 65.30% and recovery of 48.57% and high gradient high intensity magnetic concentrate with iron grade of 60.25% and recovery of 32.37% were obtained by the process of grinding-one roughing and one cleaning low intensity magnetic separation-low intensity magnetic separation tailing regrinding and one roughing and one cleaning high gradient high intensity magnetic separation.Total iron concentrate contains iron grade of 63.18% with Fe recovery of 80.94%.
    Iron Recovering from Bayer Process Red Mud with High Intensity Magnetic Pre-concentration-Deep Reduction-Low Intensity Magnetic Separation Method
    WANG Jian-Yue, CUI Wei-Hua, ZHANG Yi-He, NI Wen, LIU Xuan
    2016, 45(01):  64-68. 
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    There are large amount of refractory iron minerals in red mud produced in the production of Al2O3 by Bayer Process.Efficiently recovering these iron minerals not only better recover the resources but also is beneficial to reduce the pollutant emissions.High-intensity magnetic pre-concentration-deep reduction-low-intensity magnetic separation process was conducted on the Bayer Process red mud(39.42% Fe) from Shandong.The results indicated that the high intensity pre-concentration concentrate with iron grade of 52.89% and recovery of 59.85% was obtained with grinding fitness of 80.75% -0.074 mm and background field intensity at 1.2 T；With bituminite dosage of 24.27% (mass ratio of bituminite to high intensity pre-concentration concentrate)，reduction temperature 1 300 ℃ for 45 min，reduction product grinding fineness of 38% -0.074 mm and low intensity magnetic field intensity at 72.03 kA/m，the iron powder with iron grade of 91.25% and magnetic separation recovery of 96.90% (General iron recovery of red mud was 57.99%) was obtained.The experimental defined process was simple，stable and reliable and had high industrial application values.
    Study on Froth Characteristics and Flotation Performance of a New Cationic Collector MZ-3
    ZHU Xiao-Yuan, MEI Guang-Jun, YU Ming-Ming
    2016, 45(01):  69-71. 
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    In order to test the froth characteristics and flotation performance of a new cationic collector MZ-3 which was produced by Wuhan University of Technology in the reverse flotation of magnetic concentrate，selection and froth test was conducted on roasting-low intensity magnetic iron concentrate of Jiugang.Results indicated that:①Desilication by reverse flotation on magnetic concentrate with iron grade of 49.98% was conducted at pH=7，temperature of 25 ℃，MZ-3 dosage of 500 g/t，causticity starch dosage of 300 g/t，iron concentrate with iron grade of 57.01% and recovery of 74.66% was obtained via one-stage rough flotation.② Compared with collectors M-302B，amine，and dodecylamine，MZ-3 has characteristics of not only product produced is good，also defoaming fast.Therefore，MZ-3 is a new cationic collector with good collecting and foaming properties，and can improve the efficiency and stability of operations in concentrating mill.
    Quartz Flotation Using DLG-2 as Collector at Normal Temperature
    GONG Gui-Chen, ZHU Yi-Min, LUO Bin-Bin, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun
    2016, 45(01):  72-75. 
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    Single quartz flotation experiments were conducted to test the performance a fatty acid anionic collector，which was newly developed by NEU，and the mechanism for collecting quartz was discussed via Zeta potential measurement and infrared spectrum analysis.The flotation experiments showed that when the quartz recovery was about 99.5%，the optimum pH value was above 10，the optimum dosage of CaCl2 was 0，the optimum dosage of DLG-2 was 40 mg/L，the optimum flotation temperature was 22 ℃.Zeta potential and infrared spectrum analysis showed there were electrostatic adsorption，bonding adsorption and hydrogen bonding adsorption between quartz and DLG-2.
    A New Depressant DHY to Reverse Flotation of the Mixed Magnetic Concentrate from Anqian
    CHEN Hong-Yun, ZHU Yi-Min, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Wei
    2016, 45(01):  76-79. 
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    Northeastern University has developed a new iron ore depressant DHY which has low price and stable property aiming to achieve reverse flotation enrichment of magnetic concentrate with high efficiency and low consumption.DHY has similar structure with starch.In order to demonstrate the feasibility for optimizing reverse flotation technology for mixed magnetic concentrate from Anqian Mining Company，reverse flotation experiments have been carried out on the basis of on-site regime of agent.The results indicated that Anqian Mining Company mixed magnetic concentrate with TFe grade of 47.64%，fine dissemination，obviously enrichment of iron mineral at fine size，main gangue mineral quartz，iron concentrate with grade of 68.21% and recovery of 88.01%，tailings of iron grade reducing to 14.82% was obtained by the closed-circuit reverse flotation experiment process of one roughing，one cleaning and two scavenging using DHY as iron depressant.Compared with the on-site process,it can not only reduce dosage of agents obviously but also simplify technological process by replacing industrial corn starch with DHY.
    Heat strength Improved of Iron Ore Coal-containing Mini-pellets Drying Process by Additives
    HUANG Zhu-Cheng, YAO Sheng-Jie, DAN Cong-Lin, WEN Liang-Ming, JIANG Tao
    2016, 45(01):  80-84. 
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    The rupture and crushing of iron ore coal-containing mini-pellets will seriously affect the reduction of pellets in the dynamic drying.Effects of sodium additives on the heat strength of iron ore coal-containing mini-pellets in the dynamic drying were studied in order to improve heat strength of mini-pellets.The behaviors of heat strength of mini-pellets improved by sodium additive were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy to analyze inside of dynamic dry pellets and the influence of Zeta potential of coal-containing，iron ore and bentonite with sodium additives，then the mechanism of heat strength of pellets affected by sodium additives were expounded.The results showed that adding sodium additive can improve surface hydrophilicity of the particles,inhance the adhension role by bentonite,the ball inside will more dense,heat strength of dynamic were improved.With 3% additives，the dynamic drying degradation index of the dynamic drying pellet was 5.23%，and the compressive strength，the drop strength of dynamic drying mini-pellets and the quantity drop degradation index reached 10.88 N/P，3.1 times，and 3.26% respectively.Compared with the mini-pellets without additives，its index was improved significantly.
    Influence of Emulsion and Flocculation on Gold Recovery from a Micro-fine Particle Gold Tailing
    LIU Yan-Jie, ZHANG Jian-Bin, SHANG Zhe
    2016, 45(01):  85-88. 
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    Micro-fine particle gold in a flotation gold tailing in the Xiaoqinling region of Shaanxi Province mainly exist in native gold and the gold inclusion form.The comparative experiments between conventional flotation and emulsion and flocculation flotation were conducted in order to better recover gold in gold tailing and acquaint the reinforcing effect of emulsion and flocculation flotation.The results show that gold concentrate grade of 14.00 g/t and gold recovery rate of 34.50% can be obtained in the conditions of the slurry concentration 25%，lime dosage of 120 g/t，butyl xanthate dosage of 100 g/t ，and No.2 oil dosage of 12 g/t.Gold concentrate with gold grade of 17.31 g/t and gold recovery rate of 77.14% can be obtained in the conditions of the slurry concentration is 25%，lime dosage of 120 g/t，butyl xanthate dosage of 60 g/t，No.2 oil dosage of 12 g/t，emulsifier acid soap dosage of 10 g/t，and flocculant LR dosage of 20 g/t.Compared with conventional flotation concentrate index，gold concentrate grade was increased 3.31 percentage points and gold recovery rate was increased 42.64 percentage points under the condition of emulsion and flocculation flotation.It is shown that emulsion and flocculation flotation can enhance the recovery of fine particles and improve the flotation concentrate index greatly.
    Beneficiation Test of Lead-antimony for Poor Indium-tin Polymetallic Sulfide Ore from Dachang in Guangxi
    HU Ming-Zhen, ZENG Ji-Shu, CHEN Jin-Quan, WEI Zong-Wu
    2016, 45(01):  89-92. 
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    To solve the problems of the low lead-tin concentrate index in Dachang Plant in Guangxi Province resulted from high content of pyrrhotite in lean indium-tin poly-metallic sulfide ore，decrease of lead and stibium grade，and unsatisfied performance in lead-stibium flotation by collector leading to non-ideal lead-stibium concentrate index，the tests of pyrrhotite separation by low intensity magnetic separation，and lead-stibium mixed floatation were conducted to find the optimum conditions.Results indicated that，at the grinding fineness of 46.88% passing 0.074 mm，through one stage low intensity magnetic separation for pyrrhotite(at field intensity of 120 kA/m)，and with butylamine dithiophosphate，amino dithiophophate and DY as combined collector via one roughing-two cleaning-two scavenging lead-stibium bulk flotation，lead-stibium mixed concentrate with Pb+Sb grade of 55.08%，lead recovery of 93.22%，stibium recovery of 90.94%，and 4.61% Zn was obtained.Compared with on-site process，Pb+Sb grade increased by 2.91 percentage points，lead recovery increased by 7.06 percentage points，stibium recovery increased by 5.13 percentage points，zinc content decreased by 0.58 percentage points.The result pronouncedly indicates that the combined agent of butylamine dithiophosphate，amino dithiophophate，and DY is a new high efficient collector of lead-antiomony mixed flotation.
    Rutile Ore Pre-concentration Tests Based on Magnetic Processing in Zaoyang，Hubei
    SUN Xiao-Jun, ZENG Xiang-Long, LI Jian-Hua, LI Quan-De
    2016, 45(01):  93-96. 
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    In order to exploit and utilize rutile ore resources in Zaoyang Hubei in an efficient，low cost，little contamination and more economical way，rutile beneficiation experiment was conducted by high gradient medium-high intensity magnetic processing based on low intension magnetism in main gangues，while rutile has no magnetism.The results showed that:①tailings discarding yield rate can reach 29.16% using the process of one roughing，one scavenging high gradient medium-high intensity magnetic separation at grinding fineness of 88.60% passing 0.074 mm，medium-high intensity magnetic concentrate with rutile content of 3.07% and recovery of 89.50% was obtained.②after medium-high intensity magnetic concentrate was treated by the closed circuit flotation of one roughing three cleaning three scavenging，rutile flotation concentrate was obtained with rutile content of 64.53% and recovery of 82.21%.③treating the rutile flotation concentrate via high gradient high intensity magnetic separation-roasting-hydrochloric acid leaching process to refine flotation concentrates，final rutile concentrates contained 87.88% rutile with rutile recovery of 71.21%，and the grade of TiO2 90.12% was obtained at the conditions of background field intensity for high gradient high intensity magnetic separation of 1.2 T，roasting temperature 900 ℃ for 45 min，and then hydrochloric acid was chosen to leach，the solids of acid was 10%，ratio between liquid and solids was 1 to 5，leaching time was 30 min with temperature at 80 ℃.Compared with traditional gravity concentration as pre-concentration processing，magnetic processing to pre-concentrate rutile can reduce fine rutile particles loss，improve its recovery，which provides a new idea of processing rutile resource effectively at domestic.
    Separation Test on Gravity Concentration Middlings from a Multi-metal Mine
    HAN Cong, WEI De-Zhou, LIU Wen-Gang
    2016, 45(01):  97-100. 
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    For development and utilization of valuable element of copper，bismuth，sulfur and iron containing in gravity concentration middlings，which produced by dressing plant of a multi-metal mine，the beneficiation test was carried out on middlings of gravity separation consult on-sile process.The results showed that bismuth concentrate with bismuth grade of 41.59% and bismuth recovery of 29.13%，and copper concentrate with copper grade of 21.03% and copper recovery of 66.31%，and sulfur concentrate with sulfur grade of 42.87 and sulfur recovery of 90.25%，and iron concentrate with iron grade of 68.06% and iron recovery of 21.11% were obtained respectively by the process of Cu-Bi-S bulk flotation，flotation concentrate by gravity concentration using shaking table for bismuth separation，tailing of gravity concentration by inhibiting sulfur for copper flotation，and tailing of bulk flotation by low intensity magnetic separation for iron concentrate.All concentrate products obtained by the mentioned process have good indicator.Therefore，the process tested above is available for the middlings.
    Application of Filter Aid in Dewatering of Bauxite Flotation Tailings
    欧Yang-Chang-Heng , ZHOU Chang-Chun, HAN Rui, ZHANG Ning-Ning
    2016, 45(01):  101-103. 
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    To solve the non-ideal pressure filtration effect of bottom flow of bauxite flotation tailings from Henan，the underflow slurry dewatering test in the laboratory was conducted using filter aids.Simultaneously，the influence of the residual TLT8840 on bauxite flotation was investigated.The results showed that the promoting effect of TLT8840 is better than that of TLT8850；Preparation of TLT8840 with circulating water has no effect on the working effect.When TLT8840 dosage of 200 g/t，the time of tailings to-be cake can be shortened by 21.43% and cake moisture can be reduced 0.37 percentage points.Residual TLT8840 in filtration may slightly improve the grade and w(Al2O3)/w(SiO2) ratio of concentrate，but have little impact on the recovery of Al2O3.TLT8840 has a significant effect of lowering costs and improving efficiency on tailings pressurized filtration.
    Geological Characteristics and Genesis of Layer-like Pb-Zn-Ag Polymetallic Deposit of the Periphery of Beiya Gold Deposit
    WU Song, LI Wen-Chang, JIANG Wen-Tao, WANG Jian-Hua, YIN Guang-Hou, YU Hai-Jun
    2016, 45(01):  104-108. 
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    Beiya Au-polymetallic mineral deposit is located at the southern segment of Jinshajiang-Honghe alkali-rich porphyry belt,it is the typical one of the mineral deposits metallogenesis related to related to alkali-rich porphyry.The geological characteristics and geochemical characteristics of layer-like Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit are researched in depth,the results show that:①the ore-hosting surrounding rocks of the Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit is consisted of the limestone within Beiya formation,middle triassic series,which is relatively rich in some mineralization elements such as Pb,Zn,Au etc and it is the advantageous ore-sourcing layer of Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit;②the ore-forming fluids of the Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit are NaCl-H2O-CO2 system characterized by medium-low temperature and salinity,which are derived from the magmatic hydrotherm differentiated by crystallization of the alkali-rich porphyritic body;③the contents of the S isotope of the ore-bodies is from -2.4‰ to +2.8‰,which indicates that the sulfur of this deposit has the same source from deep mantle as the porphyritic body,the partially strata sulfur is added in the later period,the Pb isotope analysis results show that the ore-forming materials are crust-mantle mixing in origin;④the specific Beiya formation carbonatite strata conditions,Beiya-Qinhe NNW-trending syncline tectonics and the magmatic activity of porphyry constitute the principal ore-controlling factors of the Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit.Based on the above research results,the genesis of mineral deposit of the Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit is analyzed,it show that the layer-like Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit is the results of alkali-rich porphyry differentiation hydrothermal mineralization,it is the periphery products of the Beiya alkali-rich porphyry-type gold polymetallic metallogenetic system.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Prospective of the Gold Ore Deposits in Tongshi Area,Western Shandong Province
    DU Xian-Biao, GAN Yan-Jing, ZHENG Hai-Tao
    2016, 45(01):  109-113. 
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    The Tongshi miscellaneous rock mass is the hypabysaal-super meta-alkaline hypabysaal miscellaneous rock mass in Mesozoic early Yanshan period.The three-dimensional shape of the miscellaneous rock mass like a pagoda,it is consists of three stages of the products (monzonitic diorite rock mass,monzonitic porphyry rock mass and cryptoexplosive breccia rock mass) of magmatic activities.The Paleozoic cambrian carbonate rock mass is distributed in the periphery of the Tongshi miscellaneous rock mass.A large number of gold ore deposits (points) that have been found are located in the inner and outer space of Tongshi miscellaneous rock mass.Based on analyzing the metallogenic belts characteristics,mineralization characteristics,ore-controlling factors of Tongshi area,the prospecting prospective of Tongshi area is discussed in depth,the results show that:①the gold ore deposits (points) in Tongshi area can be divided into two orthogonal metallogenic belts,Ganglian-Mofanggou-Xiaoguangquan metallogenic belt with striking about 35° and Zhuojiazhuang-shizizhuang-Guilaizhuang metallogenic belt with striking about 300°,Heqizhuang-Dongli-Dongdawan metallogenic belt with striking about 30°and Zhanglidongling-Yindonggou-Majiazhaizi metallogenic belt with striking about 295°,most of the gold ore deposits (points) in Tongshi area are controlled by the structural fractured (crack) belts that they are parallel or orthogonal with the above two orthogonal metallogenic belts.②the prospecting direction of Tongshi area is the "one belt" and "one zone","one belt"is the outer ring belt of Tongshi volcanic-intrusive miscellaneous rock mass,which is located in Zhuojiazhuang-Shizizhuang-Guilaizhuang metallogenic belt; "one zone" is the extension fracture development zone,which is around the outer ring of sub-volcanic intrusive miscellaneous rock mass,the relationship between gold metallogenic in Tongshi area and monzonitic porphyry is direct,besides that,the relationship of gold metallogenic in Tongshi area and the Dingjiazhuang stratum of the lower cambrian series Zhushadong formation is close.The above research results about the gold ore deposits in Tongshi area can provide some reference for the prospecting work in this area.
    Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Model of Axi Gold Deposit,Sichuang Province
    SONG Huan-Xia, JING Ming, ZHAO Gui-Jun, TAO Yi-Ye, WEN Jin-Ming
    2016, 45(01):  114-117. 
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    The prospecting work of Axi gold mine is developed from nothing,the main minerals of Axi gold mine is experienced the repetitive process of Fe to Cu,and then from Cu to Au.The geological material data of the mining are is conducted secondary exploitation and utilization in the process of prospecting,the geological material data such as core samples and sub-samples that are obtained in the early stage of prospecting work in the mining area are tested and analyzed again,it is indicated that the deposit in mining area has further prospecting potential.With the deepening of prospecting exploration work,it is predicted that the Au material resources amounted to 56 t.Based on analyzing a large amount of exploration data of the mining area in depth,combing with field geological investigation results,the ore-bodies characteristics,ores characteristics,wall rock alteration characteristics,ore-forming geological characteristics and ore deposit genesis are studied in depth;then,combing with geological material data that obtained by the former geological exploration work in the mining area,the combination of ore-controlling geological conditions is studied,according to the all kinds of prospecting informations and prospecting methods,the new prospecting model of the mining area is established,and it is applied to the ore-prospecting practice,some ideal prospecting breakthroughs in the mining area are obtained.The above research results show that the secondary exploitation and utilization of the geological material data is the effective way of making prospecting breakthrough.
    A Real-time Detection and Repairation Method of Single-frequency GPS Receiver Clock Jumps
    HU Chao, WANG Zhong-Yuan
    2016, 45(01):  118-122. 
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    GPS (Global positioning system) has been playing an important role in mapping and deformation monitoring in mining areas.But the precise of the GPS positioning results are directly influenced by the instability of GPS receiver clock,so,it is necessary to conduct detection and repairation of GPS receiver clock jumps accurately and effectively.Based on analyzing the disadvantage of the detection and repairation method of GPS receiver clock jumps,a real-time detection and repairation method of single-frequency GPS receiver clock jumps within the observations range under the condition of the clock jumps and cycle jumps of single-frequency GPS receiver are existed at the same time is proposed.Firstly,the double-difference observation is constituted between satellites and epochs to separate the clock jumps and big cycle jumps with high efficiency;then,the quadratic differential linear combination of the adjacent epochs between the pseudorange and phase observations are adopted to count out the amount of clock jumps;finally,the jump deformations caused by the GPS pseudorange observations clock jumps are repaired.The data of IGS (Internation GNSS service) tracking stations and a mine of Huainan city are adopted to conduct the detection and repairation experiments of single-frequency GPS receiver clock jumps respectively.The experimental results show that the single-frequency GPS receiver clock jumps can be repaired effectively by the detection and repairation method proposed in this paper,it is good for restoring the original observations smooth characteristics and improve the quality of single-frequency GPS receiver data,it also conduce to improve the precise of mapping and deformation monitoring in mining area.
    Study on Local Concentration of High-speed Spiral Flow in Lifting Pipe for Deep-sea Mining
    GAO Rui-Jie, TANG Jun
    2016, 45(01):  123-127. 
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    The local concentration of the ocean manganese particles increased by high-speed spiral flow in deep-sea mining lifting pipe is affected by various factors.In view of this issue，based on euler-euler theory，and with the sea water containing manganese particles as flow medium，the solid-liquid two-phase fluid was numerically simulated，along with the algorithm SIMPLE and the turbulence model RNG.And the variation of local concentration of particles influenced by pipe features，material properties and slurry characteristics was analyzed.The results showed that under different working conditions，the increase of pipe diameter，particle size，particle density，angular velocity and manganese particles concentration were all conducive to the improvement of local concentration，and then the transport efficiency could be enhanced.And excessive lifting speed inhibited the local concentration of particles，thus，the transport efficiency and lifting capacity reduced.However，the pipe wall roughness and slurry viscosity have little impact on the local concentration.The research results has definite guiding significance for optimization of transport parameters and engineering applications of high-speed spiral flow in lifting pipe for deep-sea mining.
    Research on Intelligent Crawler Mine Car and Its Path Tracking
    LIU Fei-Fei, SU Wen-Xiang, GU Shuai-Qi
    2016, 45(01):  128-131. 
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    An intelligent crawler mine car that can be driven freely in complex mine tunnel was designed，according to mineral transportation problems，such as heavy labor intensity，high investment cost and so on.Firstly，the 3d model was established by using solidworks software，then its kinematics model was established and analyzed.On this basis，mine car path tracking was studied by using Fuzzy PID.Simulation on its straight line path，curve path was performed by MATLAB/SIMULINK.It was concluded from the simulation results that there was some deviation from the beginning stage，but the deviation can be decreased quickly through online setting of Fuzzy PID controller.Then the mine car can rapidly move close to the expected path.The study of intelligent crawler mine car was of great significance to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of mineral transportation.
    The Optimal System of Mining Stage Height based on 3DMine
    ZHANG Meng-Meng, YE Yi-Cheng, LU Ya-Qi, LU Fang
    2016, 45(01):  132-135. 
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    The mining design of deposit is a typical mining engineering.It has important realistic meaning to optimize the stage height by using the system engineering thoughts along with the modern information technology.Based on the design function of 3DMine software，the optimal system of stage height is built including inputting，modeling，calculating and outputting.Then，3D visualization and space optimizing of underground engineering are realized to complete the mining optimization of one mine.The optimizing system is mainly based on 3D models of the mining development system，and selects the better stage height from several plans.According to the principle of minimum driving per unit，the optimal stage height is selected.A research on optimal stage height of a multi-layer deposit is consistent with the actual situation，which verifies that the optimal system is feasible and practicable.
    Research on Application Conditions and Mining Parameters of Surface Miner
    BAI Run-Cai, DONG Rui-Rong, LIU Guang-Wei, LIU Chuang
    2016, 45(01):  136-141. 
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    For the difficulties in mining of thin coal seam and complex coal seam，the scheme that adopts the surface miner is proposed.In order to explore the application conditions of surface miner，an evaluation model of complex coal seam was established and a detailed investigation on transportation means of material and mining parameters was made.The analysis on a open pit located in Inner Mongolia indicated that the recovery rate increased by 2.93% and the refuse content declined by 17.23% and the calorific value of ROM coal increased by 1672.25 kJ/kg by using surface miner for mining.Directly matched with the miner，the dump truck was adopted for loading material at each layer of coal with minimum working platform of 30 m.The scheme that adopts surface miner at complex coal seam remarkably enhanced coal quality，effectively increased resource recovery and eventually maximized the economic benefits of open pits.
    Improved Median Filtering Algorithm of Undermine Video Image Based on BDND in Ridgelet Domain
    HAN Bao-An, CHEN Rong
    2016, 45(01):  142-145. 
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    The overall total of undermine video image is dark,the contrast of the information distributed in undermine video image is low,due to the large amount of dust existed in undermine,the undermine video image is polluted by the random noise with high density,so,the difficulties of image interpretation and analysis are increased.Firstly,the undermine video image is conducted multi-scale ridgelet decomposition,the low-frequency and high frequency coefficients are conducted inverse ridgelet reconstruction respectively,the background image and details image of the original undermine video image are obtained;secondly,according to the grey histogram distribution characteristics of the background image,the histogram specification method based on Gaussian distribution function is used to improve the visual effect of the background image;then,based on analyzing the characteristics of median filtering(MF),the boundary discrimination noise detection method(BDND) is adopted to improve the median filtering(MF),a improved median filtering algorithm based on BDND is proposed,and it is used to deal with the details image,the two adaptive threshold values of t1 and t2 are set by the algorithm proposed in this paper based on the grey values distribution features of the local region of the details image,the grey values distributed in the range of［t1,t2］ corresponding pixel points are regarded as pixel points that are not polluted by random noises,the other pixel points are processed by median filtering algorithm respectively;finally,the background image processed by histogram specification method and the details image processed by the improved median filtering algorithm are superimposed.The C++ language is used to write the computer programme of the improved median filtering algorithm,the experimental results show that the filtering effects of the undermine video image with different fuzzy degree of the algorithm proposed in this paper is superior to median filtering algorithm,weighted median filtering algorithm and switch median filtering algorithm.
    AHP and Fuzzy Mathematics Assessment of Open-pit Mine Ecological Environment
    WANG Wen-Cai, ZHAO Jing-Wen, FU Peng, ZHANG Pei, WANG Xin-Zhou, ZHANG Gen-Yuan
    2016, 45(01):  146-150. 
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    With the stability，agreeableness and the limitation of the strip mine ecological environment as a basis，an eco-environmental assessment index system was established with the method of AHP.The index system consists of 8 factors and 22 correlative indexes，among which the 8 factors includes landform，vegetation，climate，atmosphere，soil，groundwater，population and exploitation.The weight matrix of elements layer and correlative indexes were calculated by AHP method，concluding that the maximal elements which influenced strip mine ecological environment were exploitation，vegetation and climate，and the maximal indexes were surface disturbance rate，the rate of solid waste dumps，vegetation coverage，land reclamation rate and the proportion of the area with slope angles greater than 25°.With the help of membership function and fuzzy matrix established by fuzzy mathematics，along with the membership matrix from weight matrix，the situation of the strip mine ecological environment was evaluated.The result showed that the evaluation method was worthy to be popularized and applied since it was easy to use and the assessment accorded with the fact.
    Stability comparison of the roadway supporting by different types of anchor under complicated stress conditions in Jinchuan No.3 mine area
    QU Biao, HE Zhi-Liang, WANG Da-Guo, LI Bin, FENG Liang
    2016, 45(01):  151-156. 
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    With 1 110 m sublevel drift of Jinchuan No.3 Mine Area as engineering background，and in order to solve the issues of serious roadway damage and higher repair rate，the numerical analysis on the supporting effect of expanding-shell hollow pre-stressed anchor and full-length mortar anchor were conducted by FLAC3D numerical simulation software.The differences of roadway deformation，surrounding stress field，plastic zone and stress concentration factor in two conditions are contrasted:one was the different angle between the maximum horizontal principal stress and roadway axis of the two bolt supports，the other was the different maximum horizontal principal stress with the same angle.And compared with the field test data，it was found that the effect for controlling the two sides’ displacement of the roadway supported by expanding-shell hollow pre-stressed anchor is much better than mortar bolt.Besides，the tress in the roadway periphery which supported by expanding-shell hollow pre-stressed anchor is more balanced，which contributes to the long-term stability of the roadway and can prolong the roadway maintenance cycle and reduce the repair rate.
    Research on and Methods of Atmospheric Environmental Protection Distance of Tailings
    WANG Ying
    2016, 45(01):  157-160. 
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    Environmental protection department "general industrial solid waste storage，disposal field pollution control standards" (GB18599—2001) and other 3 national pollutant control standards for the modification of the single announcement (Notice No.thirty-sixth) in 2013 show that:the location of tailing dam and the atmospheric environmental protection distance should be determined by environmental impact assessment.Because of its special nature，there is not yet a consensus in calculation on and methods of atmospheric environmental protection distance of tailings.Combining with the environmental assessment on a tailing dam，and by means of wind tunnel test，the dust source strength formula of the tailings reservoir is determined，and the calculation model of the SCREEN3 model is modified based on the characteristics of dust.Results show that ground concentration distance will be less than 1 500 meters when humidity of tailings is less than 1% and ratio of tail sand and fine sand is less than 30%，which are converted to the outside of the dam foundation to determine atmospheric environment and hygienic prevention distances.
    Automatic Calculation and Application of Ventilation Network with Natural Wind Pressure
    MA Heng, ZHANG Yue, ZHOU Xi-Hua
    2016, 45(01):  161-165. 
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    Natural wind pressure is an important part of mine ventilation power，which is closely related to ventilation system and ventilation network.With increases in coal production and mining depth，the effect of natural wind pressure on ventilation system will be more and more important.In order to efficiently predict and calculate natural wind pressure and analyze its effect on ventilation system，a real-time calculation method of natural wind pressure was put forward.Using fluid statics and thermodynamics combined with ventilation network calculation algorithm，the real- time algorithm of natural wind pressure was obtained.Considering an actual coal mine named Changping mine of Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group，real-time network solution of natural wind pressure in different temperatures and pressures were carried out.The results indicated that the algorithm can be used for ventilation network automatic solution with natural wind pressure and achieving solution results of ventilation network with natural wind pressure efficiently and real-timely，which provides a technical support to ensure the operation of ventilation system stable and reliable.
    Landslide Disaster Risk Evaluation and Dynamic-Informational Risk Zoning of Open-pit High Slope
    ZHANG Peng, GAO Yu-Shan, TAO Zhi-Gang, CHEN Zhuang
    2016, 45(01):  166-170. 
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    With slope project of a large open-pit mine as background,slope stability calculation models of MSARMA are built based on the modified limit equilibrium theory,to calculate the slope stability coefficient and analyze the slope sensitivity analysis under different factors.Relying on GIS platform and three-dimensional visualization technology,the three-dimensional visualization geological models of open-pit mine slope are built.Then,the stability coefficient is imported into GIS platform,and the spatial interpolation,data overlaying technologies are adopted to get three-dimensional visualization zoning of the slope.With the application of methods above and informational ways,the stability calculation data,dynamic curves,and three-dimensional visualization zoning images of the slope are achieved,so as to present the open-pit mine slope stability condition through multi angles and multi dimensional ways.
    Numerical Simulation Analysis of Pedestrian's Influence on Airflow Velocity Measuring in Roadway
    LI Yan-Chang, ZHANG Jian, YANG Yu-Meng, LIU Jian
    2016, 45(01):  171-174. 
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    To explore the cause of airflow velocity reading disorder and accurately select the surveying location and methods，the numerical simulation was adopted to selecting five typical situations that are disturbed by the pedestrian to simulate the airflow field affected by the pedestrian.Then the distributive characteristic of airflow velocity was revealed in different situation，and the range of the pedestrian's influence on the airflow velocity measuring was analyzed.Among them，when one person stands on the side of roadway，the oscillating area the behind the wind to the left has full development，and the velocity difference is still to be 0.76 m/s at the monitoring line 20 m behind the people.At situation 5，the oscillation areas behind three people are balanced out with each other，and the velocity difference is only to be 0.04 m/s at the monitoring line 20 m behind the people.The conclusions showed that due to the person's existence，there will be a velocity disorder region behind the person.The velocity will be slow down behind person but it will be increased at his side.The oscillation will be attenuated slowly if let it grow freely.The simulation result has certain reference and practical application value for measuring airflow velocity at underground.
    Study on the Surface Subsidence based on Combined Mining of Deep Orebody in Chengchao Iron Mine
    ZHANG Kai-Xin, WANG Ping, PEI Ming-Song, JIAO Ao, WANG Chuang, SHANG Huan-Di
    2016, 45(01):  175-179. 
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    The dressing-plant of the Chengchao iron mine is located on the deep ore-body,and surface subsidence may be caused with combination of two mining methods to cave the orebody between -430 m and -500 m.Mining model is established on the basis of numerical analysis theory,and the excavation process of the model is simulated by using finite difference software FLAC3D.Surface subsidence regularity is obtained according to the simulation to predict the relocation of dressing-plant and propose appropriate preventive measures according to different situations.The results reflect that the influence of underground mining on the subsidence of dressing-plant area is large,thus affecting the normal production of dressing-plant and the safety of workshop buildings.The general rules of the relationships between the surface subsidence of dressing-plant area and the horizontal distance to cave deep ore-body have been carried out.It is recommended to relocate the dressing-plant.
    Application Research Status of Bacteria in Recycling Waste Printed Circuit Boards
    FU Kai-Bin, CHEN Hai-Yan, CHEN Shu, CHEN Meng-Jun, WANG Bin
    2016, 45(01):  180-185. 
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    The composition of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) is complicated.WPCBs contain various non-ferrous and rare metals，and had the features of harm to environment and high potential value.In order to know about the research progress of recycling of WPCBs by microbiological method，and accelerate the technology development，metals leaching by chemoautotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic bacterium，bacterial adsorption was introducedIt is indicated that the future research direction proposed would focus on breeding of high efficient bacteria，the column leaching and the agitation leaching process，and a stirred tank reactor of the coarse-grained WPCBs，and so on.
    Recovery of Cobalt and Copper from Cu-Co-bearing Tailings by Sulfuration Flotation-Acid Leaching Process
    WANG Zhen, XU Long-Hua, XIAO Jun-Hui, WANG Jin-Ming, FU Kai-Bin
    2016, 45(01):  186-189. 
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    The Cu-Co-bearing tailings，from Huili Sichuan Province，contain 0.84% Cu and 0.33% Co.It exhibits higher oxidation degree with the -400 mesh content of approximately 65%.In order to recover the useful components maximumly and reduce the environmental hazards of remained metal，the recovery of Cu and Co was conducted by the process of acid leaching after sulfuration flotation.The tests results demonstrated that the Cu-Co concentrate containing 7.14% Cu and 4.15% Co with the recovery of 76.11% Cu and 87.16% Co，respectively，was obtained through process of one roughing，two cleaning and two scavenging and middlings returned in order sulfuration flotation process.The leaching efficiency of Cu and Co reached 86.74% and 81.63% respectively under the condition of mass ratio 15% between sulfuric acid，liquid-solid ratio 4∶1，extraction temperature 75 ℃，extraction time 100 min.The gross recoveries of Cu and Co were 66.01% and 70.91%，and the tailings were utilized preferably.
    Experiments on Beneficiation of Fluorite from Tailings in Hubei
    SHAO Hui, ZHAO Yi, XUE Liang
    2016, 45(01):  190-192. 
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    The wolframite floating tailings in Hubei has particle size of -0.074 mm 86.39% with the content of fluorite 22.35%.Fluorite is hard to be separated from the main gangue minerals such as fluorites and garnets，quartz.In order to improve the recovery of fluorite，and according to the nature of the sample，the high gradient magnetic separation-flotation process is used for fluorite separation.The results show that when the background magnetic induction intensity is 1.2 T，magnetic impurity can be thrown，with fluorite content of 7.10% and the yield rate 13.06%，and Non-magnetic products with the content of fluorite was 24.64%；Non-magnetic product is conducted by adopting the flotation flowsheet of one roughing，two scavenging and seven cleaning（cleaning would conducted when the rough concentrate ground to 77.64% passing 0.038 mm）.Finally，the fluorite concentrate with fluorite grade of 96.48% and recovery of 69.54% was obtained.Therefore，the high gradient magnetic separation-flotation process is a sample of efficient recycling process of fluorite.
    Influence of Limestone Powder on the Properties of Cemented Paste Backfill
    ZHENG Juan-Rong, GU Di, ZHAO Xue-Fei
    2016, 45(01):  193-196. 
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    In order to meet the mine demand of cemented paste backfill for different size classification with high quality and low price，the effect of admixture of coarse，fine and ultra-fine limestone powder on the properties of cemented paste backfill was researched using the course and fine classified tailings cemented paste backfill as research objects.The test results showed that cemented paste backfill (CPB) would be formulated by the solid concentration of 65% fine classified tailings and solid concentration of 75% coarse classified tailings with the admixture 15% of ultra-fine limestone powder，by which slumps are all higher than 200 mm，water removal percentages are all lower than 2% and the 28 d unconfined compressive strengths (UCS) are 0.3~1.2 MPa and the 28 d sedimentation rates are lower than 2%.With the continuous increasing of ultra-fine limestone powder content，the slumps and water removal percentages decline，but the 28 d UCS slightly increase，and the sedimentation further decrease.How to increase the 28 d UCS of CPB would be the focus of the research in future.