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Table of Content

    15 October 2016, Volume 45 Issue 10
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    Application Research of Yield Development Method in Deep High Stress Soft Broken Rock-mass in Yanqianshan Iron Mine
    TAN Bao-Hui, REN Feng-Yu, HE Rong-Xing, WU Hui-Qiang, CHEN Xiao-Yun
    2016, 45(10):  1-4. 
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    The hanging wall development works of Yanqianshan Iron Mine are often arranged in the soft broken rock-mass.With the increasing of mining depth，the hanging wall development occur severe deformation in deep high stress.Through investigation to identify the location and deformation form of deep underground pressure in the mine，the stability of development roadway in deep stress is analyzed，and the additional pressure that is the hanging wall wedge imposed to the development work is calculated and analyzed.And finally the determination method of the yield development scheme and the yield parameters are proposed.Practice shows that yield development method can effectively reduce that deep high stress damages to the development system in the hanging wall′s soft broken rock，and save at least 500 m development work for each extracting stage.All these bring huge economic benefits for the mine.
    Optimization of Mining Filling Material Proportioning for a Vanadium Iron Ore Based on the Thorough Tests
    WU Peng, WANG Yi-Ming, WU Ai-Xiang, YAN Xiang-Bo, ZHAO Chang-Zheng, SU Xian-Feng
    2016, 45(10):  5-10. 
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    In order to ensure the safety in mining and ground pressure control,and improve ore recovery,lower the danger hidden in mined-out area,the filling mining method for a vanadium iron ore is adopted.The thorough experimental and theoretical study on physical parameters,particle grading and filling ratio of the mine filling material and the filling material itself are carried out.MATLAB was used to establish the corresponding regression model.According to the model,the parameters are optimized with the LINGO to find out the optimal filling ratio for this mine and to meet the requirement of the strength of backfilling body and ensure the safety and efficiency of the mine.Also,the costs are lowered to be minimum.All these bring maximum benefits to the mine.
    Mechanism of Cemented Tailings Backfill Acting on the Second-Step Ore Body
    ZHENG Ming-Qiang, FU Hou-Li, QIN Zhe, FENG Bai-Yan
    2016, 45(10):  11-14. 
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    In order to study the mechanism of cemented backfill acting on the second-step ore body，and taking 782，792，and 802 three one-step stopes of the Xincheng Gold Mine as research object，the FLAC3D simulation software was applied to make simulation on the mechanism of cemented backfill from the third segment to the fifth segment for the excavation and backfilling.The project result indicates:The stress of second-step ore body is 5~6 times as big as that of cemented backfill during excavation and backfilling from the third segment to the fifth segment of first-step stope.Tensile failure was produced in plastic zone of contact surface of cemented backfill and second-step ore body in the 792 stope，and shear failure was produced in plastic zone of contact surface of cemented backfill and second-step ore body in the 782 and 802 stopes，and their depth remained at around 1m.After one-step mining was excavated at layer 11，the subsidence of roof increased quickly，so roof should be supported to ensure mining safety.
    Mining Scheme Design Research on Inclined Extremely-thickness Ore Body
    GAN De-Qing, LI Jia-Hui, CHEN Chao, LIU Zhi-Yi
    2016, 45(10):  15-20. 
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    From views of safe and effective mining，and combining with the factors of technical conditions of large low-grade thick ore body，the subsequent filling mining process，and the productivity and mining preparation，two mining schemes were put forward.The stability of stope was analyzed by using finite element software Midas/GTS.The results show that，at first scheme，the center of roof rock in two-step unconsolidated filling stope produced significantly plastic strain within the end panel，and the whole stability at first scheme is lower than the second scheme.Based on the production capacity and the accumulative yearly output of ore in the typical panel，it is suggested that the first scheme is favorable during the period of reaching full capacity，and the second scheme is favorable for the period after the full capacity achieved by taking comprehensive consideration on safety，production capacity and different characteristics of each mining scheme.
    Application Research of Wet Shotcrete Support in Cold Mining Areas
    ZHAO Jin-Tian, ZHU Qing-Yun, SHI Yong, CHANG Xiao-Na, CHANG Bao-Meng, WANG Peng
    2016, 45(10):  21-25. 
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    The engineering geological conditions of Banmiaozi gold ore in cold mining areas are complicated，and its surrounding rock is fractured and poorly stable.According to application of traditional dry shotcrete + slit wedge tubing blot + resin bolt support method with lots of problems that contains shotcrete cracking，roadway deformation and caving，the wet shotcrete + resin blot support method is used to support weak rock mass roadways at present.The relationships between dosage of cement and slump and flow of fresh shotcrete and strength of hardened shotcrete were studied by mix proportion tests with three kinds of aggregates and the optimal mix proportion was determined.Meanwhile，measures of temperature control that include preheated water，and indoor insulation of cement and reducer are proposed because of the influences of temperature on mixture in cold mining areas.Application in the fields of the mine shows that wet shotcrete is 3~4 times as much as the production of dry shotcrete，the uniaxial compressive strength with curing 28 days is 36.2 MPa，the destination to support steadily underground roadways is achieved and the general costs are reduced by 215.65 yuan per cubic meter by using wet shotcrete in place of dry shotcrete.Overall technique and economic benefits of shotcrete are greatly improved.
    Research on Reasonable Span of Isolated Pillars in the Large-diameter Long-hole Sublevel Open Stoping with Subsequent Filling Method
    WANG Long, YE Yi-Cheng, YAO Nan, LUO Bin-Yu, YUE Zhe, LI Jiang-Hua
    2016, 45(10):  26-30. 
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    According to the mining technical conditions of the large-diameter long-hole sublevel open stoping with subsequent filling method for a copper mine in Anhui province，it is calculated that the reasonable width of isolated pillar is about 20 m with pillar safety factor formula，and the reasonable span of isolated pillar is 60～65 m with beam balance theory in material mechanics.Based on the theoretical calculation，three plans are adopted to analyze the stress and displacements under different stope spans in numerical simulation.The result shows that when the width of isolated pillar is 20 m，the roof and floor of stope are being pulled while the isolated pillars are being pressed after excavation，the stress and displacements increase with the increasing of isolated pillar span.Especially when the isolated pillar span reaches 70m，the stress and displacements of stope increase apparently with the greater shear destruction of the isolated pillar，and the roof safety factor is less than 1.So，it is reasonable to set the span as 65 m for the isolated pillar，and this result is in line with the mine actuality.
    Flow Track Exploration of Filling Slurry and Characteristic Analysis of Filling Material in Stope
    LU Hong-Jian, LIANG Peng, 南Shi-Qing , SONG Ai-Dong, HU Ya-Jun
    2016, 45(10):  31-34. 
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    The flow track of filling slurry and distribution law of strength are controllable factors for influencing quality of filling materials.Taking the filling stope of Shi Rengou iron mine as engineering background，with the aid of the MDL-vs150 3D-laser scanner，the date of final state trajectory surface of filling slurry were extracted，the curve functional equation of flow track of filling slurry in stope was obtained，and the distribution law of strength was revealed by the way of site sampling and mechanics experiment in laboratory.The results showed that:with blanking hole as the origin，the curve of flow track trajectory surface of filling slurry tends to normal distribution，the strength of filling material has an “inverted-S” distribution of diminution-enlargement-diminution along the flow direction of filling slurry，strength loss area and strength increase area appear along the flow direction of filling slurry，the average loss is 25.80% and the average increase is 17.18%.The results can provide theoretical basis for the design of the amount and position of drill holes for filling，and also provide theoretical basis for stability analysis of filling material.It is a good reference to make quality assessment of cut and filling mining for similar mine.
    Study on Rheological Property of Unclassified-tailing Slurry Considering the Temperature Effect
    XUE Zhen-Lin, ZHANG You-Zhi, BAO Ya-Hao, LIU Zhi-Yi, LI Yuan-Yuan
    2016, 45(10):  35-39. 
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    In order to explore the unclassified-tailing slurry rheological property under the influence of temperature，taking an iron ore unclassified-tailing as test object，the orthogonal design was adopted to design experiment，and temperature adjustable rheometer was used to test rheological parameters.Then the influence rule of mass concentration，temperature，and the cement-sand ratio on slurry rheological parameters were analyzed.The results show that the influence degree of factors on the yield stress is mass concentration>temperature>the cement-sand ratio；There are certain interactions among various factors，and the interaction between temperature and concentration is obvious，and the yield stress rise sharply while the mass concentration is higher than 79%；To meet the requirements of the liquidity and the concentration，and reduce the effects of temperature and cement-sand ratio，slurry concentration should be controlled below 78% in the process of the filling.
    Study on Pipeline Transport Drag Reduction Technology of CPB based on the Fuller Grading Theory
    LIU Xiao-Hui, SU Xian-Feng, HUANG Ming-Qing, TAN Wei
    2016, 45(10):  40-44. 
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    Aimed at the question of material ratio of cement paste backfilling (CPB)，through analyzing the material composition of the internal structure in CPB，it was proposed that the larger aggregate packing degree is，the better paste flow；The Fuller theory was used to analyze the filling material gradation characteristics of a certain copper mine，and explore the rule of grading index n changing with material ratio.The slump test and rheological experiments of CPB were carried out，and Buckingham formula was adopted to calculate the pipe flow resistance.The results showed that the aggregate packing degree is larger and is most favorable for pipeline transport，when the material ratio with unclassified tailings of water quenching slag as 3of 2.The pipe flow resistance was 2.46 MPa/km under the conditions of mass fraction 72%，pipe diameter of 150 mm，flow rate of 60m3/h and water quenching slag content 40%.By contrast with the pipe flow resistance of unclassified tailings 3.65 MPa/km，its drag reduction efficiency reached 32.6% in pipeline transport.That illustrated that the paste pipe flow resistance is reduced obviously after gradation optimization.
    Effects of Superplasticizer on Transport Properties of Backfill Slurry Contained Bittern
    WANG Kun, YANG Peng, 吕Wen-Sheng , LIU Jie, ZHANG Hao
    2016, 45(10):  45-49. 
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    With the special geological and hydrological conditions of Sanshandao gold mine，there were large amounts of bittern ions in backfill mixing water according to the test results，which has an adverse effect in slurry gravity transportation.The possibility of using superplasticizer to improve slurry transportation properties was explored in this paper to realize high concentration gravity transportation.The backfill slurry was prepared with using classified tailings，backfill water，cement and adding different kinds and amounts of superplasticizer.The slurry settling and bleeding rates were tested by standing in the measuring cylinder.And the rheological properties were tested by using R/S-SST rheometer.The influence law of superplasticizer on slurry settling and rheological properties were revealed by comparative analysis.The results showed：The slurry mixed with 0.5‰ naphthalene superplasticizer suffered the largest decline in bleeding rates.And it provided an effective way of reducing stope dewatering pressure；The slurries with 0.5‰ naphthalene superplasticizer admixture under high cement-tailings ratio condition and 0.5‰ polycarboxylene superplasticizer admixture under low cement-tailings ratio condition suffered the largest decline in settling rates；The rheological property of backfill slurry contained bittern can be represented as Bingham flow pattern.The best transport efficiency could be achieved by mixing 0.5‰ polycarboxylene superplasticizer when the slurry viscosity and yield stress both showed relatively low values.In conclusion，the suspension of backfill slurry contained bittern could be enhanced by superplasticizer.And the slurry viscosity and yield stress were both effectively reduced.Thus the pipe wall abrasion was decreased.
    Key Technology and Design Practice of Integration of Underground Mining and Beneficiation Engineering
    XU Hong-Liang, JIANG Ren-Yi
    2016, 45(10):  50-53. 
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    Based on the engineering of Zhangjiawan iron mine，the key technologies in integration of underground mining and beneficiation are analyzed and studied，including mining method，beneficiation process，overall layout，development and transportation.Then this integrated technical scheme is optimized to realize the integration of underground mining and beneficiation，waste-free emission，and environment-friendly protection.The primary design on the integration of underground mining and beneficiation for Zhangjiawan iron mine is finished.The beneficiating plant at underground is near by the stope and arranged at the stable surrounding rock in the primary design，where tailings are discharged into the near goaf，so the production cost is lower.The primary design can be used as basis for the construction unit to carry out the next phase of the design and constructing，and also can be used as a reference for similar mine construction.
    Research of Dynamic Strength of Rocks Based on Viscoelastic Model
    XIONG Qi-Huan, DIAO Hu, LI Ru-Zhong
    2016, 45(10):  54-58. 
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    Based on the Kelvin viscoelastic model，the dynamic strength of the rock is analyzed theoretically，obtaining the mathematical relationship of rock's dynamic strength and static strength，and also expounding the hardening phenomenon of the rock under dynamic stress.The character of viscoelastic property of rocks determines that the deformation of the rock is not instantaneous but in a gradual process.Under the varying dynamic stress，the deformation of the rock becomes more complex with the time changing，which leads to a big difference between the dynamic strength and the static strength.Based on the dynamic constitutive relationship under the viscoelastic model，and combining with the maximum linear strain failure theory of the rocks，the mathematical relationship between the dynamic strength and the static strength is gradually deduced，and the factors for affecting the effective stress coefficient m are analyzed.Finally，the theoretical results are applied into calculating the dynamic strength of slope rock in Nanshan open-pit mine.
    Sensitivity Analysis of Inversion Parameter for Extremely Soft Rock Roadway
    FENG Wei, MAO Yan-Jun, GENG Ke-Pu
    2016, 45(10):  59-64. 
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    In displacement back analysis process，people try selecting complex models to approach the real mechanical model of roadway，but the complex models needs more inversion parameters，and needs to establish more stringent inversion theory and methods.However，there exist more difficulties in practical application.The parameter sensitivity analysis to determine parameters to be inverted was common practice in the inversion process.The sensitivity analysis on elastic-plastic mechanical parameters and side pressure coefficient of rock mass in each coal layer was conducted by using orthogonal numerical simulation test，showing the impact degree of each parameter on the displacement of different parts of roadway.Furthermore，the evaluation on the corresponding impact degree is adopted to determine the parameters to be inverted.
    Analysis and Research of the Stress and Deformation Monitoring Result for the Surrounding Rock and Supporting Structure in Deep Tunnel
    ZHU Xun-Guo, XIA Hong-Chun
    2016, 45(10):  65-70. 
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    Shotcrete-bolt-net support is the main structure form of deep tunnel′s supporting，and different support structure is adopted in the different working conditions.In order to verify the supporting effect of the new supporting structure system，taking the field tunnel industrial test as the research background and through the field monitoring of the support system with the new type support structure system，parameters of the surface displacement of the wall rock，the stress state of anchor bolt and the deformation inside surrounding rock are mainly monitored.The analysis of the monitoring results have indicated:the new supporting structure is a kind of flexible supporting structure，and it can deform in coordination with the surrounding rock deformation.And it is able to maintain sufficient working load and even some leavings，and the supporting structure is in good working condition within its design range.Through analysis on the inside displacement of tunnel wall rock，the tunnel surface displacement，and the bolt separation，it is concluded that the deformation of surrounding rock mass can be fitted by semi logarithmic function.At the same time，the whole deformation of the surrounding rock approaches to the steady state after anchored.It is fully approved that the new supporting structure system can effectively improve the deformation of surrounding rock，and increase effectively the stability of surrounding rock.
    Experiment on Briquetting-Iron Metallic Reduction Roasting-Magnetic Separation of Boron-bearing Iron Concentrate
    YU Jian-Wen, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun, GAO Peng
    2016, 45(10):  71-76. 
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    There is 55.55% Fe and 4.22% B2O3 in a boron bearing iron concentrate from Liaoning.Iron and boron were predominantly in the form of magnetite and szaibelyite，respectively.Meanwhile，serpentine and pyrrhotite were the main gangue minerals.In order to separate iron from boron，an innovative method of combined briquetting followed by metallic reduction roasting and low-intensity magnetic separation was employed.The results showed that the reduced briquettes (Φ15 mm×20 mm) with a metallization ratio of 88.82% were obtained after roasted by excessive coal (n(C)∶n(Fe)=2.5) at 1 125 ℃ for 150 min.Subsequently，iron concentrate containing 92.7% Fe with recovery of 94.4% and boron concentrate containing 14.5%  B2O3  with recovery of 84.4% were achieved after ground the reduction products to 65% passing 0.074 mm and low intensity magnetic separation with magnetic field intensity of 80 kA/m.Effective separation of iron from boron was realized.
    Beneficiation Test on Low-grade and Refractory Olivine-pyroxenite Type Vanadium-titanium Magnetic Ore from Hongge
    YANG Yao-Hui, HUI Bo, LIAO Xiang-Wen, ZENG Xiao-Bo, LIU Ya-Chuan
    2016, 45(10):  77-82. 
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    With the increase of mining depth for Hongge iron mine in Panxi region,the content of gabbro and pyroxenite is gradually decreased while the content of olivine-pyroxenite is gradually increased,which resulted in the original mineral separation technology unable to obtain qualified iron concentrate products.In order to provide basis for the rational separation processing technology of the refractory olivine-pyroxenite type vanadium titanium magnetite ore from Hongge,the separation experimental study was conducted based on the analysis of the ore mineralogy properties.Results indicated that Fe grade and TiO2 grade of the raw ore is 14.75% and 5.59%,respectively.And,the Fe in titanomagnetite accounts for 55.05% of total Fe.By wet preconcentration of magnetic separation on the raw ore(crushed to -3 mm),preconcentrate with iron grade of 21.05% and recovery of 83.61% was obtained,with 41.12% barren rock of 5.91% Fe.Preconcentrate via grinding-low intensity magnetic separation-re-grinding by stirring mill-low intensity magnetic rough concentration-magnetic flocculation gravity concentrator cleaning.Concentrate with 57.25% Fe,9.55% TiO2,and iron recovery of 46.54% was obtained.The results provide an effective technical way for the effective development and utilization of such low grade olivine-pyroxenite type vanadium titanium magnetite ore.
    Flotation Performances of Hematite and Quartz Using Bis (2-hydroxylethyl) Dodecylamine as Collector
    YANG Ting, LIU Wen-Gang, WANG Hong-Liang, SUN Hong-Yuan
    2016, 45(10):  83-86. 
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    Flotation capabilities of bis (2-hydroxylethyl) dodecylamine to hematite and quartz were investigated in laboratory via single mineral flotation and manual mixed mineral separation.Single mineral flotation test results indicate that bis (2-hydroxylethyl) dodecylamine has better collectability to quartz，with natural slurry pH，collector concentration is above 13.33 mg/L，the recovery of quartz is more than 90%，while the hematite has relatively lower recovery，thus weak floatability to hematite，and the maximum flotation recovery of hematite is no more than 70%.Separation results of manual mixed mineral indicate that bis (2-hydroxylethyl) dodecylamine can separate hematite and quartz mixtures with the existence of starch.And the optimized separation results with 86.86% iron recovery and 65.28% iron grade in concentrate is achieved with natural slurry pH，bis (2-hydroxylethyl) dodecylamine concentration is 20 mg/L，starch concentration is 3.33 mg/L.Zeta potential experimant results indicate that collecting performance of bis (2-hydroxylethyl) dodecylamine to quartz is achieved mainly because electrostatic adsorption between collector and quartz surface.
    Beneficiation Experiment on a Refractory Copper-zinc Sulfide Ore from Yunnan
    欧Le-Ming , WANG Long, ZENG Pei, FU Hai-Tao
    2016, 45(10):  87-91. 
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    There is 0.16% copper,4.43% zinc in a copper-zinc sulfide ore from Yunnan.Copper and zinc were both mainly in form of sulfide ore，and the oxidation degree is lower.In order to provide technology basis for the development and utilization of the ore，the flotation tests were carried out.The results indicated that，at the grinding fineness of 78% passing 74 μm，with OL-ⅡA as collector for preferential flotation of copper，via one roughing，three cleaning，two scavenging process(reground concentrate of first stage copper cleaning to 94% passing 38 μm)，tailings of copper with X-43 as activator，butyl xanthate as collector for zinc flotation(reground concentrate of first stage zinc cleaning to 91% passing 45 μm)，copper concentrate with 18.52% Cu and recovery of 53.89%，zinc concentrate with 47.10% Zn and recovery of 88.74% was obtained.The results can provide technique basis for development and utilization of the ore.
    Mineral Processing Tests of a Refractory Molybdenum Ore in Shaanxi
    LIU Hui-南, SONG Lei, ZHOU Shao-Zhen, YU Yang, HU Zhi-Kai, ZHANG Xing-Rong
    2016, 45(10):  92-96. 
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    There is 0.099% Mo in a refractory molybdenum ore from Shaanxi，molybdenum mainly exists in form of molybdenite.Molybdenite was finely disseminated and closely disseminated with easily floating silicate minerals,talc,etc.To provide technique basis for the development and utilization of the ore，three stage grinding-stage flotation test was conducted.Results show that at first stage grinding fineness of 70% passing 0.074 mm，second stage grinding fineness of 84% passing 0.038 mm，third stage grinding fineness of 95% passing 0.038 mm，using sodium silicate + lime + BK510 as depressor，kerosene + diesel as collector，BK340 as auxiliary collector，2# oil as frother，flotation process，molybdenum concentrate with molybdenum grade of 47.56% and recovery of 86.78% was obtained.The test results can provide technical basis for the development and utilization of the ore.
    Effects of Polyacrylamide on Sedimentation Behavior of Fine-grained Hematite
    ZHANG Jin, ZHANG Qin, HU Chen-Qiang, LONG Wei, ZENG Rui, PAN Deng
    2016, 45(10):  97-102. 
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    Fine grained iron concentrate in concentrated filter link has problems of slow sedimentation rate，large overflow suspended solid value，high concentrate filter cake moisture content and so on.By adding flocculants，the mineral grains floccules based on cohesion and bridging function，which promotes the sedimentation of fine ore grain.A hematite concentrate were as research object，the anionic，cationic，nonionic and amphoteric polyacrylamide as the flocculating agents，through the sedimentation test and Zeta potential measurement to examine the effects of polyacrylamide on flocculation and sedimentation behavior of fine-grained hematite.Test results show that,the interactions between ore grain and flocculation drug molecules include electrostatic force and hydrogen bond，Van Der Waals force，chemical adsorption，and Zeta potential plays a main role in this process or not and promotes or weakens this process which mainly depends on the type，the dosage of flocculants and pH value of the slurry.It provides theoretical basis and guidance for adding flocculants to select appropriate flocculant to promote the settlement of fine iron concentrate.
    Ore-controlling Factors and Prospecting Prediction of Zhaxikang Pb-Zn Polymetallic Deposit，Southern Tibet
    LI Hong-Liang, LI Guang-Ming, ZHANG Zhi, FU Jian-Gang, LIANG Sheng-Xian
    2016, 45(10):  103-108. 
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    Zhaxikang Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit is one of the most important hydrothermal vein type deposits in southern Tibet gold antimony metallogenic belt.Based on the detailed filed geological survey and indoor comprehensive analysis,the ore-controlling factors and the geological characteristics,geophysical characteristics and geochemical characteristics of the concealed ore-bodies that have been found in the mining area are analyzed synthetically,it is show that output of the ore-bodies of Zhaxikang Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit are strictly constrained by the two normal fault of high angle,which trending direction is SN and NW-SE,the metallogenic materials of Zhaxikang Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit are derived from lower-middle Jurassic Lure formation (J1-2l) and the Cuonadong leucogranite vault in the south of the mining area.Based on the above analysis results,according to the geological characteristics of the concealed ore-bodies that have been prospected in the mining area,the comprehensive prospecting factors of Zhaxikang Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit are summarized,which include outcrop of surface gossan,strong soil geochemical anomalies (Pb,Zn anomalies) and the electronic mutation interface (ore-bearing fault) in the audio-frequency magnetotelluric sounding (AMT) section,besides that,the prospecting prediction work with large scale is done,the similar comprehensive anomalies belt in the east of 40# exploration line，and the prospecting target area is delineated.The study result show that Zhaxikang deposit is a hydrothermal vein type Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit which is strongly controlled by faults，the ideal prospecting effects of the prospecting of concealed ore-bodies by using geological,geochemical and geophysical methods，the target area that is delineated by the methods can be treated as the important working area of the further prospecting work in the mining area.
    Extraction Method of Iron Mineralized Alteration Information in Vegetation Covered Areas Based on Remote Sensing ASTER Data
    ZHAO Zhi-Ling, WANG Ping, JING Lin-Hai, SUN Yan-Feng
    2016, 45(10):  109-115. 
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    Owing to the growing demands for resources and less exploitable outcrop and shallow ore mines，it is urgent to look for new iron deposits around and below current iron deposits.As traditional prospecting methods are limited in doing this，remotely sensed mineralized alteration information is of great directive significance to geological prospecting work.But extracting alteration information in high vegetation covered areas is one of the difficulties in remotely sensed information extraction.The Fenghuangshan iron deposit is located in Lanling County of Shandong province with dense vegetation coverage,so,it is selected as the study area in this paper.Based on ASTER data,firstly，the ASTER data is geometrically corrected and atmospherically corrected,the water and other interference informations are removed;then,the optimal band combination of mineral alteration information extraction is selected，with references to the spectra of typical altered minerals in the USGS standard spectral database,the principal component analysis (PCA) method is applied to extract the ferric contamination and hydroxyl alteration information，and they are enhanced and classified by thresholding;finally，the anomaly mineralization regions are delineated with references to both known deposits and related alterations，and 8 ferric contamination anomalies and 6 hydroxyl alteration anomalies are selected to validate.Due to high coverage of vegetation and soil and less exposed bedrock，and the agreement between remote sensing anomaly areas and mineralized alteration zones，Quaternary covered areas are investigated especially.The results show that，the extracted ferric contamination and hydroxyl alteration information are verified and the verification accuracy reaches 87.5% and 83.3% respectively，it proves that the ASTER data is of capacity to depict minerals' spectral characteristics in the short wave infrared ranges，which effectively facilitate geological prospecting in dense vegetation covered regions.
    Prediction of the Mining Subsidence of Xihaozhuang Iron Mine Based on GPS Technique and Grey Model
    LIU He-Chun, GUO Qiu
    2016, 45(10):  116-119. 
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    The gob caused by mining production can result in the surface mining subsidence,collapse and other geological hazards,which is a serious threat to the ecological environment of the mining area and its surrounding area.Taking the Xihaozhuang iron mine as the study background,firstly,based on analyzing the monitoring principle of the GPS monitoring technique,the surface mining subsidence monitoring GPS network is established;then,based on the monitoring data of the mining subsidence GPS network,the G(1,1) grey prediction model is constructed,and the mining subsidence prediction formulas of the GPS monitoring points are given;the digital evaluation model of the mining area are established respectively based on the prediction data and monitoring data,besides that,the mining subsidence serious regions of the mining area are predicted effectively.The study results show that:①the accumulated mining subsidence value of the mining area are lower than 40 mm,the possibility of surface collapse is small in the mining area,the mining value of the surrounding areas of the CD3#、CD4#、CD5#、CD6# points are higher than others,about 30 mm;②the error between the prediction values obtained by the newly established G(1,1) prediction model and the monitoring data in the mining area are 1.38% (CD3#)、0.56% (CD9#),the digital evaluation model (DEM) established by the mining subsidence value is consistent to the one established by the actual monitoring value in the mining area,which indicated that the G(1,1) prediction model is suitable to predict the mining subsidence in the mining area,and the prediction accuracy is ideal.
    Development and Application of GSJ80 High Speed Filling Mixer with High Strength and Low Energy Consumption
    ZHANG Lin, DAI Bi-Bo, JI Wan-Jian, WU You-Jian, LIU Jian
    2016, 45(10):  120-123. 
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    High efficient and high speed mixer is the most important equipment to prepare high concentration of filling slurry.Aiming at the problems in traditional mining-filling mixer，such as easily wearing，uneven materials，poor sealing effect，mortar leakage and so on，a new type of GSJ80 high speed mining-filling mixer was developed.With the high-speed rotation of wear plate and rotor driven by the stirring shaft，slurries with high concentration，uniform mixing，good flow properties and small transport resistance，are prepared after a strong collision，shearing，and mixing of high-density cemented unclassified tailings slurry，which can greatly improve the filling effect.At the same time，the equipment has advantages of easy disassembly，convenient maintenance，good wear resistance，long service life，good sealing properties and less leakage of slurry.The equipment has been applied in Tianchang Tianxing Mining Co.，Ltd..The mixing parameter tests indicate：the equipment has achieved remarkable results in application and owns a wide range of promotional prospect.
    Oil Purification Scheme for Mine Hoisting Equipment Lubrication and Hydraulic System
    SUN Jie, LI Guang-Lin, WEN Zhan-Jun, ZHAO Xiao-Feng, ZHANG Rui-Xin
    2016, 45(10):  124-127. 
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    Mine hoist is large mechanical equipment of transporting the underground material or personnel and is very important for the safety and reliability，especially oil pollution damage to the equipment in the thin oil terminal lubricating system and hydraulic system cannot be ignored，which often leads to safety factor reduced，and even results in equipment or personal casualty accident.The traditional type of pollutants control scheme filter and the oil purification scheme based on the mechanism of centrifugal machine are compared and analyzed，proposing that the centrifugal oil purifier can realize oil purification for the lubrication system and each hydraulic system.The practical application in Shirengou Iron Mine of Hebei Iron and Steel Group Mining Co.，Ltd approved that this scheme is reasonable，high efficient and high-level.
    Design on a New Type of Landslide Wireless Remote Monitoring System
    吕Zhong-Yun , TUO Xian-Guo, LI Huai-Liang, SHI Fan-Rong
    2016, 45(10):  128-131. 
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    According to such requirements as high precision，high reliability，high degree of automation and low power consumption of the existing landslide monitoring system，a full-digital high precision wireless remote landslide monitoring system was designed.The system is based on STM32 as core and integrated with SCA100T precision dual-axis accelerometer，MPS-S-400 mm-P displacement and rain gauge SRY-1；GSM network access is realized by using SIM900 module.The 12 V/40 AH battery and small solar power systems are adopted to realize power supply for the system.The dynamic cycle collection mechanism in system programming are adopted to lower the power consumption，and the rainfall threshold trigger，driving sensor and displacement sensor for acquisition combined with the GSM are used to realize remote data transmission.The experimental results show that the system can realize the automatic remote collection and transmission of landslide area rainfall，the surface displacement and deep dip angle parameter with rainfall collection precision 0.1 mm，surface displacement collection precision 0.022 mm，and the deep dip angle collection precision up to 0.035°.The continuous working time of the system lasts 15 days in the absence of solar rechargeable battery，and more than 90 days under normal sunshine.
    Three-dimension Model Design of the Mine Shaft and Tunnel Based on Autocad
    2016, 45(10):  132-135. 
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    For directly reflecting the spatial views of shaft and tunnel,the lines map or 3D axis side map of the mine shaft under AutoCAD two dimensional model was attempted to be drawn.But the visual effect of these maps is poor,and the lines of two-dimensional model are limited to the shaft,which can not reflect the spatial data of the shaft.With the use of three-dimensional modeling functions of Autocad,and combined with plane map of the mine shaft,three-dimensional model diagram of the shaft can be quickly generated.The three-dimensional model can directly reflect the three-dimensional views of the shafts,and seek for the spatial data of the tunnel.It provides convenience for 3D visualization management of the mine.
    Development of the Mining Surface Subsidence Early Warning Information System of a Iron Mine Based on VB
    WANG Rui, LIN Min, LU Zhi-Gang
    2016, 45(10):  136-141. 
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    In order reduce the impact of mining surface subsidence on the living and ecological environment of the peoples and the economics losses of mining area,the surface subsidence early warning information system based on VB language of mining area is developed.According to the use of compatibility of GIS software,the MapX is taken as the development platform,the VB language is taken as the development environment,the logical database is established by adopting the ID code associated technology,combing with the subsidence theory model,probability integral model,early warning model,and secondary development technologies,the mining surface subsidence early warning information system is developed by adopting the visual development tools of Visual Studio 2008,besides that,the goal of data visualization into the database is realized.The database design process,structures and functions design process of the system are analyzed in detail,based on the actual field measured data of a iron mine in Anhui province,the surface subsidence curve,horizontal movement curve,curvature curve,tilt curve,horizontal deformation curve are obtained.The application results show that maximum surface subsidence values of all monitoring periods are calculated accurately,the comparison analysis of the maximum surface mining subsidence values of the actual field measured data is conducted,the subsidence situations of the monitoring points of surface mining subsidence are shown by using the curve graphs,if the early warning value is exceeded by the maximum surface mining subsidence value,the early warning of the surface mining subsidence of the iron mining area is realized,to provide some reference for the safety production of the iron mining area.
    Mine Monitoring Vedio Image Non-local Means Filtering Algorithm Based on Wavelet Transform
    LI Wei-Qun, YUE Qing
    2016, 45(10):  142-145. 
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    A large number of the image information acquistition sensors of the mine video monitoring system are placed in the environment with the characteristics of low light,high density of dust,which is resulted in the images obtained by the image information acquistitions with the characteristics of low contrast and high density of noise,so,the effective monitoring of mine production is influenced to some extent.Combing with the wavelet thresholding algorithm and non-local means filtering algorithm (NLM),the filtering algorithm of mine monitoring video image is proposed.The obatined original mine monitoring video image is conducted single-layer wavelet transform,the obatined low-frequency and high-frequency coefficients are processed as following:①the low-frequency coefficient is conducted single-layer wavelet transform,the secondly low-freqency coefficient 1 and secondly high-frequency coefficients 1 are obtained,the secondly high-frequency coefficients 1 area filtered by the improved wavelet thresholding denoising model proposed in this papaer,the filtered secondly high-frequency coefficients 1 are reconstructed,the low-frequency image is acquired;②the high-coefficients are conducted single-layer wavelet transform,the secondly low-frequency coefficient 2 and secondly high-frequency coefficents 2 are obtained,the secondly high-frequency coefficients 2 are set to zero,the secondly low-frequency coefficients 2 are processed by the soft wavelet thresholding denoising model,the filtered secondly low-frequency coefficients are reconstructed to obtain the high-frequency image.The above low-frequency and high-frequency image are intergrated,the processed mine monitoring video image wih high resolution.The programme of the algorithm proposed in the papaer is writed by VB language,the experimental results show that the resolution of the image processed by the algorithm proposed in this paper is higher to the ones of the hard wavelet thresholding denoising model,soft wavelet thresholding denoising model and non-local means filtering algorithm,besides that,the PSNR and RMSE of the algorithm proposed in this papaer are also superior to the others.
    Development and Application of a New Type of Resonant Density (concentration) Analyzer
    CHENG Xiao-Zhou, ZHOU De-Jun
    2016, 45(10):  146-149. 
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    Measuring pulp density (concentration)，has been a technical problem in mining industry，pulp density (concentration) measurement accuracy directly affects the level of control and the effect of the mineral processing automation control.Design of a new type resonant density (concentration) analyzer is based on the principles of the vibration damping components.The instrument is mainly driven by tuning fork sensor，detection circuit，main control chip，auxiliary circuit，and the corresponding shell.Excitation coil makes the tuning fork vibrate when concentration meter works，the vibration frequency detected by piezoelectric crystal.It is converted to the electrical signals of the measure needs after through the moving phase and amplifying circuit.When fluid flows through the body vibration fork，the change of the resonance frequency caused by the change of fluid quality，instrument collection system collected the frequency shifts.Due to the different density of fluid flowing through the vibration system will produce different vibration frequency，using the function relation between the vibration frequency and the density calculate the density value of the flowing fluid after the instrument detected the vibration frequency shifts.Finally，the density value of the flowing fluid will be calculated.Application of resonant density (concentration) analyzer in a plant in Nanjing indicated that，the device can improve the Accuracy and reliability in density measurement of mineral processing.
    Experiment on Deformation and Failure Features of Waste-dump Slope based on Inclined and Weak Layer by the Floor Friction Model
    CHEN Chong, ZHANG Jun
    2016, 45(10):  150-154. 
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    A waste-dump in an Open-pit Iron Mine is with a height of 134 m.Its basis is on a silty clay layer with an average thickness of 12.65m，where slope gradient of the font area is slow but steep in the rear area；The maximum gradient in the rear area is 16°.A series of experiments on deformation and failure features of waste-dump slope with its basement in natural and saturated state are conducted by the floor friction model.The evolution process of potential destruction and causes of destabilization are explored as well.The results show that the waste-dump slope with its basement in natural state is stable in whole，and only damaged in bottom.However，the waste-dump slope with its basement in saturated state slides down over the silty clay layer.The potential failure mode of the slope is a combination pattern of slump，tow and shove.Firstly，the first beach in the front of slope becomes unstable and shears over the silty clay layer.Secondly，the area of free face in the second beach increases since the lateral force is decreased.In the same time the slip surface develops from the first beach to the second one.Finally，the slope slides down in whole with the top area decreasing from the tension crack.Then the broken area shoves the top area to the second beach and the lower one.The slope ends up stable with bulging deformation in the front area and decreasing deformation in the rear area.
    A Method for Calculating Ground Deformation Caused by Underground Mining with Displacement Field
    WANG Peng, SHI Lu, DONG Long-Bin
    2016, 45(10):  155-160. 
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    The horizontal deformation，incline and curvature of the ground are the important indexes for evaluating ground deformation and determining the limit of the ground movement.The deformation indexes of ground surface varies with direction，however the traditional section method which calculates deformation indexes along strike of section，is not only possible to underestimate the surface deformation，but also difficult to get the contour map of the ground deformation.The ground is discrete to structural grid firstly；then，the horizontal deformation matrix，incline vector as well as curvature vector of each node in grid can be calculated according to the displacement information of neighbor nodes based on least square method；finally，the deformation fields of the whole ground can be obtained by shape function interpolation to the nodes.Examples show that this method can obtain the maximum deformation value and its direction of each ground point，and form the deformation contour map conveniently.It follows that the method overcomes the shortcoming of the section method，and provides a reasonable and effective means for evaluation of the surface movement caused by underground mining.
    Research on Casual-effect Model of Blasting Accident and Its Application
    CAO Yang, JI Hong-Guang, YOU Shuang, ZHOU Qi-Ming
    2016, 45(10):  161-164. 
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    According to the current condition of frequent accidents in blasting engineering，it is indispensable to build theory model for blasting accident.As the main reason for accident，worker's unsafe behaviors act as the important role in studying accident theory model.Based on the theory of human' behavior principle and behavior pattern，the negative influences on the appearance of worker's unsafe behaviors are analyzed from these factors such as material environment，blasting working load，bad influences from other workers，and the casual-effect model of blasting accident based on people's behavior and psychology is conducted.According to the blasting accident model，cutting the accident chain is the principle of preventing blasting accident.Controlling workers' unsafe behaviors and keeping off “touch” perform act as the two aspects of preventing blasting accident.Blasting devices are introduced into the design of automatic identity and rectification for unsafe behaviors and the function of blasting locking，which can greatly eliminate worker's unsafe behaviors，and avoid the occurrence of blasting casualty accident.
    Research on the Mathematical Model of Tailings Dam Breaching Due to Continuous Rainfall and Its Application
    CHEN Sheng-Shui, DENG Zhao, ZHONG Qi-Ming
    2016, 45(10):  165-170. 
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    Focused on the tailings dam breaching caused by continuous rainfall，and based on the saturated-unsaturated seepage theory，the non-equilibrium continuous equation and the momentum equation of water-sand mixture a mathematical model is put forward to describe the tailings dam breaching due to slope failure.The model considers the impact on drainage flow process of tailings dam due to the change of seepage and stress field，as well as the variation of breach slope and bed.Meanwhile，the model is applied to simulate the dam breaching process of a tailings dam under continuous rainfall，and the calculated results show that continuous rainfall infiltration makes seepage line of the dam constantly rising，and then leads to dam slope failure；The stress condition of dam body deteriorates rapidly after the collapse of slope，and the shear failure of the remaining wedge may occur under the action of upstream loads，after that the overtopping failure occurs.
    Dumping Stability Analysis of Considering Size Grading
    ZHANG Xiao-Long, HU Jun, ZHAO Tian-Yi
    2016, 45(10):  171-176. 
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    In order to study the effect of the particle size grading on the stability of super-high bench dump,and taking Dumu Waste Dump in Gongchangling Open Pit Mine as an example,two kinds of slope models of considering size grading are set up.On this basis,the finite difference software -FLAC is used to analyze the dump stability,and study the impact of the particle size on the stability.The results indicate that:the size classification or the content increase of large particle size bulk material would increase apparently the safety factor of dump.Based on this conclusion,the dumping processes are improved by two approaches of increasing the content of large particle size bulk material and discharging the rock mass along the dump height according to the particle size from large to small.But the weak layers within slopes caused by the size classification need to be paid attention and be eliminated.This study provides two kinds of effective approaches for the stability analysis of super-high bench dumping and has important reference significance for other similar projects.
    Recovery of Valuable Metal Elements from Acid Mine Drainage Sludge
    WANG Xiao-Liang, MAI Ge, CHEN Tao, YAN Bo, XIAO Xian-Ming
    2016, 45(10):  177-180. 
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    The disposition of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) sludge has become a serious problem in wastewater treatment industry for a long period.An AMD sludge sample was taken from the wastewater treatment plant of the Duikeng tailings reservoir，Dabaoshan Mine，Guangdong Province，and an experiment was conducted to recover valuable metals from the sludge by sulfuric acid leaching method.There is 40 919.6 g/t Fe,14 320.6 g/t Mn，4 681.4 g/t Cu，7 557.4 g/t Zn，149.3 g/t Ni，360.9 g/t Pb，the impurity components are mainly quartz，calcite.In sulfuric acid concentration is 20%，solid-liquid ratio is 0.33 g/mL，the leaching time of 8 h，leaching temperature 30 ℃，the copper，zinc，nickel，lead，manganese and iron leaching rate were 99.49%，21.41%，51.21%，4.45%，55.86% and 34.25%.Using sulfuric acid leaching process recycling valuable metals element in precipitation slag economically feasible in technology，at the same time，the pressure of the wastewater treatment plant of environmental protection was alleviated.
    Effect of Organic Crystal Modifier on Crystal Morphology of α-Hemihydrate Gypsum by Salt Solution Method at Atmospheric Pressure
    ZHANG Xiu-Ying, CHI Ming-Qiao, YAN Xiu-Ying
    2016, 45(10):  181-184. 
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    The α-hemihydrate gypsum（α-HH) was prepared by aqueous salt solution method at atmospheric pressure using flue gas desulfurization gypsum from Shandong Huaneng Power Plant.Effect of crystal modifier type，such as adipic acid，citric acid，ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)，succinic acid，oxalic acid，on the crystal morphology of α-HH was studied.The results show that when NaCl salt solution concentration of 20%，gypsum slurry concentration of 20%，natural pH，reaction temperature is 95 ℃，optimum reaction time is 3 h，the crystal morphology is change by five organic acid crystal modifier .The crystals morphology is unsatisfactory with adipic acid，citric acid and oxalic acid as crystal modifier，but the crystals morphology is perfect with the succinic acid dosage is 0.04% and EDTA dosage is 0.07%。XRD analysis results showed the products is α-HH，and TEM analysis results indicated the quality of crystal is better when adding 0.04% succinic acid than 0.07% EDTA.
    Preparation of High Molecular Ratio Cryolite Using Invalid Phosphoric Acid Based Polishing Solution
    GUO Chang-Ming, WU Jun, WEI Liu-Tuan, CUI Xue-Min, LI Xuan-Hai
    2016, 45(10):  185-188. 
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    By adding sodium fluoride in invalid phosphoric-based acid polishing solution to prepare high molecular ratio cryolite via sodium fluoride reaction with Al3+ from invalid phosphoric-based acid polishing solution.Results indicated that，with reaction temperature of 60 ℃，reaction time of 40 min，n(NaF)∶n(Al)=1.3，sedimentation time was 1.5 d，aluminum removal rate was 98.6%.The cryolite molecular ratio of NaF to AlF3 is 3.81.The production process not only recycled the polishing liquid，and production process is simple，cryolite has high molecular ratio and yield rate.It has good application prospect.
    Influence of Steel Slag Powder on Strength of Concrete With Industrial Solid Wastes
    LIU Xuan, CUI Xiao-Wei, NI Wen, MA Xu-Ming
    2016, 45(10):  189-192. 
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    Solid waste concrete was prepared using slag,steel slag,desulfurization gypsum cementing materials entirely replace cement clinker as binding material,influence of steel slag specific surface area and steel slag proportion on the comprehensive strength of the concrete was researched.The results showed that:increasing the specific surface area of steel slag,the compressive strength of concrete increases gradually.Steel slag powder on the early time comprehensive strength of concrete is less than that of slag powder.When the specific surface area of steel slag is 640 m2/kg,proportion of steel slag powder,slag powder,desulfurization gypsum accounted for 25%,63%,12% cementing materials respectively,the concrete compressive strength is the highest.Steel slag,slag and desulfurization gypsum interact with each other,promoting the formation and growth of ettringite and C-S-H gel; Ettringite formation is the main source of solid waste concrete early strength,in the late hydration reaction,ettringite and C-S-H gel intertwined and form a compact structure,which can increase the strength of the concrete with industrial solid wastes.
    Experiment on Preparation of Exterior Thermal Insulation Materials Using Metakaolin
    ZHAO Ying-Liang, XING Jun, LIU Hui, QIU Jing-Ping, SUN Xiao-Gang, HU Shi-Qiang
    2016, 45(10):  193-196. 
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    Existing inorganic thermal insulation materials in market has low thermal conductivity，heat preservation performance is poor，therefore，using metakaolin as the main raw material，sodium silicate as alkali excitation agent，aquae hydrogenii dioxidi as foaming agent，through polymerization preparation new exterior wall thermal insulation material.Influence of dosage of sodium silicate，dosage of foaming agent and curing temperature on the thermal insulation material density，compressive strength and coefficient of thermal conductivity were investigated.Results show that when mass ratio of sodium silicate to metakaolin is 1.0，aquae hydrogenii dioxidi dosage of 2% mass of metakaolin，curing temperature was 60 ℃，the thermal insulation materials coefficient of thermal conductivity is 0.115 W/(m ℃)，density of 356 kg/m3，the compressive strength of 0.821 MPa.Experimental results can provide technical support for preparation of exterior wall thermal insulation material using metakaolin.