Table of Content

15 May 2017, Volume 46 Issue 05

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Test Study Progress of Rock Failure Energy Evolution Under Unloading Condition

PEI Feng, ZHANG Jun-Gong, MA Qing-Fu, JI Hong-Guang, XIANG Peng

2017, 46(05):  1-6. 

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The deformation and fracture of rocks are an evolution process with the exchange of energy and mass between rocks and outer exotic environment.Rock failure is a state failure phenomenon driven by energy.The axial stress increases rapidly during excavation and it tends to be stable with the increasing of time,but confining pressure is unloaded instantaneously.At present,indoor test scheme mainly adopts increasing axial pressure and reducing confining pressure at the same time or keeping axial pressure constant and reducing confining pressure.The experimental results show that:the confining pressure effect of rock failure is significant,the total strain energy,elastic strain energy and dissipation energy are positively correlated with the initial confining pressure;with the increasing of the unloading rates,the energy conversion rates is decreased continuously,and the phenomenon of transient dynamic failure can be appeared easily;the difference of energy evolution is significant under the different unloading levels;the larger the fractal dimension,the more obvious dilatancy,the more developed of transgranular and intergranular cracks and the more energy is consumed.Based on the existing study results,the development trend of testing system improvement,adopting the stress path in accordance with engineering practice,study of micro-meso crack and further study of the sensitive stage of energy conversion are proposed as the further study directions.

International Cooperation Community Mode of Mineral Resources in Shaanxi Province Under the Background of “The New Silk Road”

DUAN Shao-Shuai, HUANG Xi-Feng, WU Yong-Jiang

2017, 46(05):  7-13. 

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The international cooperation model of mineral resources in Shaanxi Province is rely mainly on cooperation development,quality merger and risk exploration,while the project contracting and technical transformation are the subsidiary modes,but the problems of lacking of service function of government,unsoundness in the risk prevention mechanism and tediousness in approval process are existed obviously.Under the background of “The New Silk Road”,Shaanxi Province is the starting point of “The Silk Road”,it is imperative to carry out the international cooperation community of mineral resources to solve the development problems of the mineral resource in Shaanxi Province.The comparative study results show that the sharing the fate idea is the goal-directed to establish cooperation community,mutual development ideal is the essential regulation of the establishment of cooperation community,mutual sharing the benefits ideal is the material basis of the establishment of cooperation community.Interactive development between government and enterprise,establishment of the diversification path of cooperative development,strengthen the public relationship of both cooperation sides and reinforcing the selection of investment district are the effectively measures to establish the international cooperation community mode of mineral resources in Shaanxi Province.

Research on the Combined Support Method of Thick and Large Phosphorus Ore-body Under Complex Geological Condition

ZHANG Wei-Zhong, NI Xiao-Shan, ZHANG Dian-Ji, KANG Qin-Rong, XU Liang

2017, 46(05):  14-18. 

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Baizhu Phosphate is the rare slowly inclined large and thick phosphorus ore，which lagerst thickness of the ore beds is nearly 25 meters.Combined with the complex geological conditions in Baizhu phosphate,especially the characteristics of roof structure breaking and joint development.Analogy with the mining method of similar mines,the “combined support method of anchor bolt and anchor rope” which is developed independently for the high suspending roof and large exposed area about goaf treatment of gently inclined thick and large phosphorus ore-bodies.In the actual application process,firstly，the roof cutting is conducted in Ph3 drift in the top of ore bed，the roof cutting used the SandvikDD310-40 drilling jumbo punching and charge explosion,and then the roof classification is done by adopting the roof classification management technology,finally adopted the scheme that is corresponding to the bolt and anchor support for the roof,then anchor cable strengthening roof by the classification of roof structure.After many years of experiments，a set of methods suitable for the management of phosphate rock roof under complex geological conditions is explored.

Theoretical Calculation of Initial Collision Position on Shaft Wall of an Adit in Open-pit Mine

ZHAO Yun, YE Hai-Wang, LEI Tao, LI Ning, WANG Qi-Zhou, LONG Mei

2017, 46(05):  19-23. 

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In the adit chute transportation system of open-pit mine,the initial collision destruction of the ore on the wall of chute is large,it is of great significance to determine the initial collision position of ore for the protection of the chute wall.Based on the kinematic theory,the ore motion model is established,taking an open-pit mine as the study example,the influence of collision restitution coefficient,sliding-rolling friction coefficient and critical coefficient to the initial collision position are analyzed in detail,and the initial collision scope is determined based on based on the pseudo-random algorithm.The results show that:with the increasing of normal restitution coefficient and sliding-rolling friction coefficient,the tangential restitution coefficient and critical coefficient are lowered,the distance between the initial collision position and the wellhead is enlarged,the sliding-rolling friction coefficient is the main influence factor of initial collision position;the change of motion state has little effect on the initial collision position;the distribution of the initial collision position in the the collision scope is distributed exponentially,the chute wall in the range of 6~9 m from the wellhead should be protected effectively.

Stability of Mining Roadway Near Fault Fracture Zone in Tiaoshuihe Phosphorus Mine

CHI Xiu-Wen, ZHANG Jian-Wei, WANG , PEI

2017, 46(05):  24-28. 

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The stability of underground mine roadway under complex geological conditions is a difficult problem of surrounding rock controlling.According to the inclined mining roadway phosphate ore-body near fault of Tiaoshuihe Phosphorus Mine in Yichang,the numerical simulation method is used to set up 5 groups of different working conditions so conduct comparison and analysis of the mining roadway stability.The study results show that:when the mining roadway near the fault,due to the exposed are of the mined-out area is large,which will enlarge the influence of fault fracture zone to roadway stability,so the roadway should be avoided arranging along the tendency direction,if not,the safety distance of fault safety pillars should be increased,besides that,the the change characteristics of surrounding rock of the mined-out area near the faults of should be noticed;when the mining roadway is arranged along the heading direction,the safety pillars with the safety distance of 15 m can guarantee the stability of roadway under the conditions of single strip mining,the safety distance of safety pillar can be increased above 20 m at least to suit for the mining area that the multiple strips mining method is obtained.

Determination Method of the Best Discharge Concentration for Fine Tailing Paste

YANG Chao, GUO Li-Jie, HOU Guo-Quan, LI Zong-Nan

2017, 46(05):  29-32. 

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At present,the slump loss and empirical method are the main determination methods of the mass concentration of tailings paste,which is not suitable for millimeter-sized tailings.The situate mass concentration of fine grained tailings paste can be obtained effectively based on basic characteristics of materials.Taking the paste discharge of the fine copper tailings of a mine as the study background,the determination method of mass concentration of fine grained tailings is proposed based on the indicators of saturation ratio and exudation rate,the mass concentration is from 73% to 75% of fine grained tailings paste is determined by test.The rheological parameters of slurry under different conditions of concentration are obtained by conducting rheological test,the effects of tailings concentration of pipeline transfer resistance is analyzed based on pipeline transfer characteristics.Besides that,the slurry beach angle test is done to analyze the flowing property of tailings slurry in emission zones.Ultimately,the transfer property and flowing property of the tailings slurry are evaluated comprehensively and the best mass concentration of unclassified copper tailings paste is identified as 74%.

Study on the Mining Method of Steeply Inclined and Extremely Thin Ore Vein in Mazichong Manganese Mine

ZHANG Wen-Fang, WANG Wen-Li, WANG Chun

2017, 46(05):  33-37. 

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The problems such as difficult to determine the mining method,high loss rate and dilution rate,narrow working space are existed during the mining process of steeply inclined and extremely thin ore vein.In order to study the suitable mining method of the steeply inclined and extremely thin vein in Mazichong Manganese Mine,among the ore veins,floor and roof,the stability characteristics of veins is best,while the one of roof is worst.Based on the actual engineering geological condition,the waste-lifting filling mining method is proposed.And the rock waste-lifting thickness,stope structure parameters,mining technique are studied,in view of the poor stability of roof,the mining process that the mining process is conducted after rock waste-lifting is proposed,therefore,the mining safety is improved.The experimental mining results show that,the main technical and economic mining index are analyzed,the results show that the ore loss rate is 8.37%，the ore dilution rate is 6.45%.The above study results in this paper show that the waste-lifting filling mining method proposed in this paper can provide is suitable for the mining of steeply inclined and extremely thin ore vein,especially for the ore veins of Mazichong Maanganese Mine.

Research on Support of Deep and Soft Rock Tunnel in Sifang Gold Mine

ZHANG Zheng, SHI Guang-Bin, ZHANG Wen, MA Dong, LI Bing, WANG Jun

2017, 46(05):  38-43. 

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After mining in depth，due to the destruction of the tunnel caused by ground pressure，tunnel support is essential，but how to choose the support pattern becomes a trouble for mining enterprises.A cose of Shannxi Sifang Gold Mine,based on the analysis of previous theoretical summary，the combined arch theory is selected to calculate and the finitude element software is utilized to analyze the tunnel effect，and discuss the distribution of principal stress，displacement and plastic zone.The quantitative analysis is made by the stress intensity coefficient to study the effect of non-support，only anchor bolt support and combined support of bolt and shotcrete.The support results showed that the effective combined support of bolt and shotcrete can improve the stress state of surrounding rocks and control the deformation of tunnel effectively，which can not only increase the sense of security of workers，but also improve work efficiency.Furthermore，it provides a strong guarantee for the mine safety production，the exploitation of resources.

High-end Wall Pillarless Sublevel Caving Method in Fluorite Mine in Xilinhot City

YU Kun-Peng, REN Feng-Yu, ZHANG Dong-Jie

2017, 46(05):  44-48. 

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The multiple working faces drill synchronously，overburden strata ore-drawing and waste rock filling of the high end wall non-pillar sublevel caving method is proposed to solve the problems of large difficulty of mining，poor safety conditions and low productive efficiency existed in practical production of the fluorite mine in Xilinhot City.The suitable caving parameters is given,the change rule of sidewall strata movement of the collapse pit is analyzed by adopting the surface detection method and test method.The collaborative waste rock filling method is proposed to enhance the stability of sidewall and the loose body,and the some relative tests are done in the experiment stope in the fluorite mine in Xilihot City.According to results of the regular shift recordings,the recovery rate is improved to 94.18％,and the degree of caving ore lumpiness is good,which is consistent with the previous analysis in this paper.The above study results further show that the recovery indexes obtained by the optimization model established in this paper are good,and the mining problems of the steeply inclined and medium thick ore-body can be solved effectively.

Research on the Smooth Blasting Technology in Beishan Pit Exploration Facilities in Gansu Province

MAN Ke, WANG Xi-Yong, CHEN Liang, WANG Ju, PAN Sheng-Jun

2017, 46(05):  49-53. 

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The Beishan pit exploration facilities in Gansu province is the landmark facilities of the research and construction phase of the high-level radioactive waster geological disposal engineering in our country.Based on the smooth blasting method，the blasting parameters of the Beishan pit exploration facilities have been designed，which is much more suitable to this project.Furthermore,the smooth blasting effects is analyzed under the different kinds of blasting parameters (spacing of peripheral holes),the scientific of smooth blasting parameters is verified.In advance.It should be noticed that,blasting method includes numerous blasting parameters，which interaction each other.Those blasting parameters obtained just on the spacing of peripheral holes,and the results and theoretical knowledge could be applied to the blasting and excavation of the deep geo-engineering and the high-level radioactive waster geological disposal.

Variable Weight Coupled Matter-element Extension Evaluation of Rock-burst Risk

YIN Bin, LU Wei-Dong, JIA Bao-Shan, LIU Chuang

2017, 46(05):  54-59. 

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In order to make objective evaluation of rock-burst risk，a comprehensive evaluation model is presented based on matter-element extension and variable weight theory.Firstly，the indicator data is done by regularization for solving the limitation of traditional matter-element;secondly，the weight is defined based on variable weight to avoiding subjectivity，and the object that is evaluated can active participation;thirdly,the maximum membership is replaced by asymmetric close degree;Lastly,the rock-burst risk level is determined by level variable eigenvalue of counting,the key indicators are determined by sensitivity counting.Taking Jiama Mine as an example,the evaluation results show that the grade of rock burst is weak and tend to non-rock-burst,which is coincide to the actual situation and already results.The key indicators are tendency index and stress index,the general sensitivity index is stress coefficient.

Analysis on Particle Deposition Law and Seepage Field of Upstream Tailings Dam

TIAN Li-Mei, QU Chun-Lai, ZHANG Jing-Hua

2017, 46(05):  60-64. 

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Taking the Yizhuang tailings dam as project background，through indoor screening test and penetration test of the scene deposition Beach surface and drilled sampling，the deposition law of particle are obtained.A generalization of geological model is established；and through three triaxial test on the general model of different strata tailings obtained its stress-strain relationship，the saturated water content,basis on the residual moisture content,aturated permeability coefficient and the tailings grading curve，using Fredlund-Xing model to obtain the soil-water characteristic curve and flow models，With the theory of effective stress，establish the upstream tailings reservoir fluid-solid coupling mathematical model，By analysed the stress field and the seepage field of the tailings dam，the distribution of stress field and pore pressure are obtained，The research results can provide instructor for the design，construction and safe production of tailings dam.

Analysis on the Interaction of Open-pit Blasting and Tailing Pond

HE Fang-Wei, SHI Yan-Hui, PEI Heng, WANG Xian-Feng

2017, 46(05):  65-68. 

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The distance between the Radish Trench tailing pond of Chengde Xinyuan Mining Company and the Open-pit of West Trench mining area of Baotong Mining Company is fairly close.In order to avoid the interaction between tailing pond and the blasting of open-pit,the tailing pond is diverted,and a subsidiary dam is built at its the junction area of them,it is piled up with mill tailing and its out slope is filled with waste rock.The slope stability of the mill-tailing subsidiary dam is analyzed by using the Swedish Circle method and the Simplified Bishop method,the safety-allowable distance of dam body of tailing pond and drainage system are calculated by adopting the safety-allowable velocity formula of blasting vibration.The results show that the mining within 55 m from baseline of composite dam slope is forbidden,when the distance between the explosion spot and baseline is greater than 55 m,it is need to apply the safety-allowable speed formula of blasting vibration to calculate the single maximum amount of explosive to adjust the existing blasting parameters,therefore,the safety operation of the tailing pond after diverted and normal production of open-pit mine.

HPGR Technology Application Research on Complex Iron Ore of Luohe Iron Mine

SUN Ye-Chang

2017, 46(05):  69-72. 

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In order to research effect of HPGR (High Pressure Grinding Roller) crushing on grindability of Luohe iron mine finely products，tests of HPGR open and edge circuit grinding were carried out on on-site finely products，and relative grindablity tests of HPGR product with edge product and on-site finely products recyclest were also investigated，Bond grinding work index tests on samples and HPGR product with edge product was also studied，while influence of HPGR process on increasing capacity of primary balling mill also analytical investigated.Results show that ① HPGR can significantly increase content of fine particle size，and content of edge returned to closed circuit crushing experiment -3 mm product was increased 28.57 percentage points，thus from 56.73% to 85.30%，while content of -5 mm was elevated 24.86 percentage points，thus from 67.79% to 92.65%，after HPGR process with treating capacity of 252 ts/(hm3).② HPGR improved grinding performance of iron ore，and relative grindability of HPGR close circuit test with edge product recycles was 1.294 under the condition of 60% particle size passing 0.075 mm.Bond grinding work index decreased 14.86% from 16.15 kWh/t to 13.75 kWh/t using the HPGR process.③ The capacity of primary balling mill could increased by 35.41% when HPGR close circuit process with edge product recycles was applied to beneficiation plants due to improvement of iron ore grindablity.

Beneficiation Test of a Low Grade Porphyry Copper-molybdenum Ore Containing Graphite

LAI Wei-Qiang

2017, 46(05):  73-78. 

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A low grade porphyry copper molybdenum ore containing 0.37% copper，0.0096% molybdenum，and copper sulfide accounted for 89.19% of total copper，and molybdenum sulfide accounted for 85.42% of total molybdenum.Beyond that，associated iron and precious metals such as gold and rhenium could be recovered.A small amount of flake graphite in the ore would affect flotation of molybdenum.To determine the beneficiation technology of the ore，dressing experiment was carried out.The results show that molybdenum concentrate of floatation containing 36.33% Mo，1.69% Cu，molybdenum recovery of 68.12%，and copper concentrate containing 19.24% Cu，2.42 g/t gold，0.095% Mo，copper recovery of 84.94%，and iron concentrate containing 66.19% Fe，iron recovery of 50.87%，could be obtained by the flowsheet of iso-flotation of molybdenum and copper with one roughing-three cleaning，Cu-Mo separation with one roughing-four cleaning-one scavenging，strengthening floatation of copper with one roughing-three cleaning-two scavenging，low intensity magnetic separation with one roughing-one cleaning-one scavenging.Purification of molybdenum concentrate of floatation by gravity separation，molybdenum concentrate containing 49.03% Mo，618.46 g/t Re，molybdenum recovery of 58.35%，rhenium recovery of 27.22% could be obtained.

Experiment on Flotation of Lead Zinc Sulfide Ore Containing Antimony in Western Yunnan

SONG Qiang, XIE Xian, TONG Xiong, YANG Zi-Xuan, FAN Pei-Qiang

2017, 46(05):  79-83. 

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Contents of lead and zinc in a lead-zinc sulfide ore containing antimony in Western Yunnan are 3.91% and 1.87% respectively，associated valuable elements are antimony and silver.To determine the suitable mineral process，beneficiation experiment was carried out.Results show that lead concentrate with lead grade and recovery rate 61.25% and 90.40% respectively，and containing antimony 6.40% and 39.32% silver，antimony recovery rate is 72.41%，and silver recovery rate is 75.62%，zinc concentrate with zinc grade and recovery rate are 46.57% and 81.06% respectively，was obtained via one roughing-four cleaning-two scavenging lead flotation，one roughing-three cleaning-one scavenging zinc flotation process.

Process Optimization for a Polymetallic Silver-lead-zinc Sulfide Ore in Jiangxi

ZUO Hai

2017, 46(05):  84-88. 

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Production process and production index of polymetallic silver-lead-zinc sulfide ore in Jiangxi province was not stable and ideal result from of flotation reagent system.Optimization research of beneficiation process was carried out.Result showed that，lead concentrate with lead and silver grade of 44.21% and 1 736.42 g/t and recovery of 86.61% and 60.59%，zinc concentrate with zinc and silver grade of 39.06% and 374.16 g/t and recovery of 81.81% and 18.68%，total silver recovery of 79.27% were obtained in the condition of same raw ore grade，setting the grinding fineness of -0.074 mm from 90% to 85%，cutting one lead and zinc cleaning stage respectively，and adding one lead scavenging stage.After the optimization in on-site beneficiation process based on research results，lead recovery of lead concentrate increased 3.26 percentage points，zinc recovery of zinc concentrate increased 3.65 percentage points and total silver recovery increased 9.44 percentage points.Problems existed in original beneficiation process were well resolved by new beneficiation process.

Beneficiation Experiment on a Low-grade Quartz Vein Type Gold Ore in Guizhou

LIANG Yuan-Qin, LIU Quan-Jun, ZHAO Liu-Chuang, NIAN Jia-Fei

2017, 46(05):  89-92. 

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There is 3.04 g/t gold in a gold-bearing quartz vein-type gold ore from Guizhou，gold in sulfide minerals and monomer gold are main exist form of gold，round-granular，lamellar and granular are gold output forms，and fine disseminated.Beneficiation experiments were conducted to efficiently recover the gold.The results indicated that，at grinding fineness of 55.6% passing 0.074 mm，by Nielsen separator gravity separation，Nielsen gravity separation concentrate of gold grade 236.01 g/t and recovery rate 26.39% was obtained.Regrinding Nielsen centrifugal separator gravity tailings to 80.44% passing 0.074 mm，via one roughing-three cleaning-two scavenging and middlings back to the flow-sheet in turn process，gold flotation concentrate with gold grade and recovery of 41.37 g/t and 57.84% respectively，total concentrate with gold grade and recovery of 55.78 g/t and 84.23% respectively was obtained.

Experiment on Tailings Pre-discarding of a Mica-type Stone Coal in Hubei by Gravity and Flotation

LIU Xin, ZHANG Yi-Min, LIU Tao, SUN Kun, WANG Bo, XU Cheng-Bao

2017, 46(05):  93-98. 

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V₂O₅ grade of mica type vanadium stone coal from Hubei is 0.81%，vanadium mainly occurs in muscovite and illite.To increase V₂O₅ grade of acid leaching feed，reduce acid leaching capacity and acid consumption mineral content，so as to reduce acid consumption and production cost，gravity-flotation combined technology was conducted on representative sample to pre discarding tailings.Results showed that at grinding fineness of 70.9% passing 74 μm，using ultralimit spiral chute roughing，middings reground to 65.6% passing 74 μm and reseparation by spiral chute，reseparation middings reground to 75.6% passing 74 μm and direct flotation，discarding tailings with yield rate of 29.59%，V₂O₅ grade of 0.34%，concentrate grade of V₂O₅ increased to1.01%，V₂O₅ recovery rate was 87.60%.Achieved goals on improve acid leaching feed V₂O₅ grade and reduce acid leaching capacity and acid consumption content.

Third-phase Extraction of Vanadium by Tertiary Amine N235 in High Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid System

CHEN Chun, ZHANG Yi-Min, HUANG Jing, BAO Shen-Xu, YANG Xiao

2017, 46(05):  99-103. 

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The stone coal acidic leaching solution after hydrochloric acid leaching process usuallyhas high acidity and pH is relatively low.For investigating the best extraction parameters of vanadium(V) from the high concentration of hydrochloric acid/vanadium system with tertiary amine N235 as extractant without adjusting the acidic leaching solution pH，three-phase extraction process was studied，the effects of the extractant composition，HCl concentration in feed，extraction phase O/A ratio and extraction time on vanadium extraction efficiency were studied，and the structure of extracted complex in the process of recovering vanadium with N235 in different hydrochloric acid concentrations was analyzed with FT-IR.The results showed that V extraction efficiency after one-stage extraction was 83.93% under the optimum condition of HCl concentration in feed of 2 mol/L，feed simulation solution containing 1.82 g/L vanadium(V)organic phase N235 concentration in volume is 20%，extraction temperature is 25 ℃，O/A phase ratio of 0.5，and extraction duration of 2 min，extraction efficiency for three-stage counter-current extraction was 98.37%.Meanwhile，when tertiary amine N235 was used to recover vanadium from hydrochloric acid medium，the three-phase was always formed.When hydrochloric acid concentration in feed was more than 3.1 mol/L，structure of extracted complex was (R₃NH)₄·(H₂O)_n·H₂V₁₀O₂₈·(HCl)_x，otherwise，the structure of extracted complex was (R₃NH)₄·(H₂O)_n·H₂V₁₀O₂₈.

Geological Characteristics and Prospecting Direction of Liuju Copper Deposit in Dayao County,Yunnann Province

YANG Jin-Fu, HE Lang-Tao, ZHOU Shi-Xiong, ZHANG Rong-Wei

2017, 46(05):  104-110. 

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Liuju copper deposit is the typical sandstone-type copper deposit that is located in Chuxiong Basin of Central Yunnan Province.The transition zone of light color rock and purple rock of the deposit is significant and the zoning characteristics of the metal minerals of the deposit is also significant.The favorable occurrence space of the metal minerals of the deposit is the intervals of feldspar quartz sandstone.Combing with some related geological working results of the deposit,the geological characteristics of the mining area and deposit,ore-controlling factors and deposit genesis are discussed,the study results show that:①the deposit is mainly hosted in the interaction zone of light color layer and purple color layer of Liuju sub-member of Upper Cretaceous Matoushan Group (K₁ml1),the ore-bodies are occurred with stratiform and stratiform-like structures;②the metal minerals of the deposit is mainly for chalcocite,bornite and chalcopyrite,the secondary oxide of the deposit is mainly for (silicon) malachite,zigueline and covellite,the zoning characteristics of the primary metal minerals of the deposit is significant in the directions of horizontal and vertical;③the deposit mineralization is mainly controlled by NW-direction fault,the shape and occurrence of the ore-bodies are controlled by NE-direction fault,near EW-direction fault and SN-direction fault,the mineralization is mainly occurred in feldspar quartz sandstone of Liuju sub-member of hypomere of Upper Cretaceous Matoushan Group (K₂ml1),the ore-bodies are controlled strictly by strata and lithology,the mineralization is mainly enriched in the alkaline medium environment of the transition zone of strong oxidation zone and strong reducting zone;④the genesis of the genesis of Liuju copper deposit can be attributed to sedimentary diagenesis-epigenetic transformation type "red-bed" sandstone-type copper deposit.Based on the above analysis results,the prospecting target areas of the mining area of the deep part of Xiaohe-Shimenkan and Jiepai-Huojianshan are delineated so as to provide some reference for the further copper deposit prospecting work in the area.

Development of Mining Subsidence Prediction and Settlement System by the Comprehensive Application of VB and VBA Language

LIU Zhan-Xin, BAI Li-Yang, GUO Hao, ZHAO Jin-Hai, ZHANG Shi-Chuan

2017, 46(05):  111-117. 

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Mining subsidence prediction and comprehensive treatment of mined-out area are the two important research directions of mining subsidence.In view of the problems of single function of program and low capacity of data processing existed in the existing mining subsidence prediction softwares.Based on VB (Visual basic) and VBA (Visual basic for application) language and the softwares of SUFER,EXCEL and CAD,the software system with the functions of surface movement observation station design,data compilation,data extraction,fitting calculation,residual deformation prediction and comprehensive treatment of collapse area is developed.Firstly,the automation degree of observation station design is improved by loading VBA program,and the portability of the program is also improved;secondly,the prediction parameters of probability integral method is calculated accurately by calling the MATLAB fitting procedure,and the mining subsidence is predicted by using the prediction parameters of probability integral method and mining and geological data;finally,the subsidence prediction visualization is realized by calling the Surfer and CAD software functions.The theoretical analysis and example analysis results show that the processing efficiency of observation data is improved by using the software system based on the integration design idea,which is help for improving the pertinence and accuracy of mining subsidence prediction,besides that,the software system can also be used to predict the mining subsidence of the mining area that the strip and filling mining method is adopted,therefore,it can provide technical basis for the "under three" mining optimization design,ecological environment protection of mining area and land reclamation of mining area,besides that,it can also provide some reference for the realization of green mining.

Optimization Model of Regional Mine Intensive Transportation System

LI Bao, LI Guo-Qing, HU Nai-Lian, HOU Jie, HUANG Shu-Wei, PAN Tao

2017, 46(05):  119-125. 

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In view of the characteristics of regional mineral deposit mining，complex transportation system network and difficult to control transportation costs，a optimization model of regional mine transportation system based on complex network planning is constructed.Under the condition of regional exploitation，the comprehensive transportation system is integrated to realize the high efficiency，economy and scientific validity of regional mine transportation system.Based on analyzing the requirements of technical and economic index,the relationship between spatial location and establish the principle of system optimization,the system network diagram is established,the optimization model that considering the stope distribution,transportation methods,transport links and other factors are proposed,which goal is minimum comprehensive transportation cost.The global optimal scheme of regional underground mine transportation system is obtained by using computer technology and network flow theory.Taking a metal mine in our country as the study example,the performance of the optimization model proposed in this paper is verified,the optimal regional transportation route is obtained and the lowest transportation cost is calculated.The study results show that the optimization model established in this paper can not only meet the requirements of comprehensive management and intensive operations,but also can ensure the safe,economic and efficient operation of the mine transportation.

An Explosive Industry Intelligent Information Monitoring System

XU Hui

2017, 46(05):  126-130. 

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Production of civil explosive enterprises is risky and prone to safety accidents.Intelligent integrated information monitoring system is an effective way to improve the production safety and management level of civil explosive enterprises.According to the definition of Internet of Things,the system is designed as three layers (perception layer,network layer and application layer).Cameras,sensors,actuators,alarms,card readers,and other equipment are installed on site for the collection of data and information.The optic data transmission network is established by using gigabit fiber channel switches,optical transceivers,outdoor armored optic cables,and other equipment so as to realize the goal of the transmission of data and information.The spatial database is established based on on Access and SQL Sever technologies,the visual interfaces is developed by using the programming language VB.net and JAVA components.Three interaction methods are designed for computer,touch screen and mobile phone,so,the intelligent information monitoring system is built ultimately.After three mouths of trial operation,the goal of effective monitoring and early safety warning for the whole production process of civil explosive enterprises are realized by using the system developed in this paper,and it can provide some technical reference for the decision-making.

Development of ZDY5000RF High-power Two-departments Crawler Drilling Rig in Soft-extrude Coal Seam

YAO Ke, ZHANG Rui, SUN Bao-Shan-

2017, 46(05):  131-134. 

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According to the problems of drilling equipment in soft-extrude coal seam with insufficient drilling and accident treatment ability,large volume and poor integration,the ZDY5000RF high-power two-track crawler drilling rig is developed,combined with the need of gas drainage borehole construction in soft-extrude coal seam.The drilling rig uses two departments and safety layout,crawler drive walking,so the safety protection system and protection measures are increased,the whole machine power reaches 75 kW,the rate torque reaches to 5 000 N·m,and the pulling force is up to 210 kN.The field test is conducted in Qinan Coal Mine in Huaibei City,in the soft-extrude coal seam,the f value is about 0.5,five drill holes is completed with the depth is more than 200 m.The test results show that the drilling rig can meet the requirements of 200 m gas drainage drilling in soft-extrude coal seam based on the significant advantages of high power,small volume,easy removal,high safety,high drilling and accident processing capability,therefore,it can provide equipment guarantee for coal gas disaster controlling in soft-extrude coal seam.

Model Transformation Method from AutoCAD to FLAC^3D

SHI Yan-Hui, PEI Heng, WANG Xian-Feng, HE Fang-Wei, YE Kun

2017, 46(05):  134-139. 

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As the pre-processing function of FLAC^3D is weak,a method of model transformation from AutoCAD to FLAC3D is put forward，the modeling process will be transferred to AutoCAD with stronger capacity in modeling.The core idea of this method is to disintegrate AutoCAD model into rectangular units and to import unit data into FLAC^3D.Implementation procedure is as the following:To set up model grouping in AutoCAD and the minimum unit limited sizes,the Boolean operation is done among various groups of interval models.After that，the Boolean operation is done between rectangular units of interval dimension and interval models.If the results of Boolean operation is rectangular and has only one piece,then calculation can be ended and saved.If not，then the interval will be disintegrated into eight sub-intervals and models of every interval will be re-calculated until the dimension of interval is smaller than the minimum unit limited sizes.The next step is to extract 3dsolid object vertex coordinates in rectangular form from the disintegration.Disintegration units and coordinates of various intervals will be collected and saved to summary file.Data like coordinates，units and subgroups will be written on the file with suffix .FLAC^3D.In the end，FLAC^3D will lead in grid by 'import grid' command and the whole process of model transformation is completed.This method is good to design complex models on the basis of non-simplification,improve simulation similarity,lower modeling difficulty,enhance modeling efficiency and further make modeling to be fast and accurate.

A Landslide Wireless Network Monitoring System

JIANG Shan, Tuo-Xian-Guo, SHI Fan-Rong, XING Qi-Yang

2017, 46(05):  140-144. 

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The key point of landslide monitoring is monitoring the change of landslide's incline.According to such requirements as high measurement precision,high reliability,high degree of automation,high portability and low power consumption of the existing landslide monitoring system，a wireless landslide monitoring system based on SCA100T and CC2530 is proposed.The system chooses STM32 as the core MCU;GSM network is realized by using SIM900 module access;based on the 9V dry battery 12 V 40 Ah battery and small solar power systems to complete system for power supply;divided three classes:acquisition node,base station and receiving host.Acquisition node use SCA100T to get the angle information and acquisition node and base station constitute a wireless network based on ZigBee protocol.Base station send the information to the receiving host by GSM network.The system upload data actively or timing,using SMS or timer trigger to Drive the sensor and star GSM module to realize the automatic remote transmission.The system's angle precision reaches to 0.035°.

Analysis on the Influence of the Mining and Ore Dressing Reconstruction Projects of a Mine to Nature Reserve Area

LIU Fang

2017, 46(05):  145-149. 

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Aimed at the mining and ore dressing reconstruction projects of a lead-zinc mine in Cheng County of Longnan City in Gansu Province,its ecological influence of Jifeng Mountain provincial nature reserve area is analyzed from the three aspects of vegetation and plant diversity,animal diversity and natural landscape to provide basis for the the impact analysis of mining activities to nature reserve area.The 1-hour average and the 24-hour average emission concentrations of SO₂ are predicted under different working conditions,the influence analysis of the reconstruction projects to nature reserve area is done by comparing with the current thresholds of cute and cumulative damage of plants caused by SO₂,the results show that the influence of the emission of SO₂ produced the reconstruction projects of the mine is acceptable to the leaves of the wild plant in the nature reserve area.The direct and indirect influence analysis of the mining and ore dressing reconstruction projects of the mine to animal diversity is done from the aspects of ecological destruction and environmental pollution,the results indicated that the reconstruction projects of the mine would not destruct the ecological environment of the nature reserve area directly,and the influence of the projects to the animal diversity is also acceptable.Since the reconstruction projects of main is conducted in the same place,and the industrial landscape of the mining area is already existed,so,the reconstruction projects can not cause the new bad effect to the landscape of the nature reserve area.

Slope Stability Analysis and Monitoring of Dumping Waste Rocks and Tailings in Open-pit

LU Ming-Xing, ZHANG Bo-Wen, DING Ai-Hua

2017, 46(05):  150-153. 

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As the tailings of metal mine production rate is high,so,it is difficult to make full use of the tailings material.The goal of no tailings discharge can be realized by filling the open-pit with tailings material.Based on the principle of limit equilibrium method of SLOPE/W software,the slope formed by dumping waste rocks and tailings is simulated,the rational slope pattern with reasonable stability coefficient is obtained.The difference of thickness and slope of the mixed placement of materials in horizontal and inclined are analyzed respectively to analyze the rational stacking scheme of waste rocks and tailings.The results show that stability of the slope formed by using waste rocks and tailings is superior to the one formed by separately using waster rocks or tailings under the same conditions;the reasonable slope angle is from 35° to 45°,the stacking thickness of waste rocks is the fours times of the one of tailings.The above analysis results further show that based on multi-sensor and wireless transmission technique,the slope stability can be monitored effectively by setting the the warning value of slope stability,which can provide a effective method for dumping tailings in open-pit.

Slope Stability Numerical Simulation of the Footwall Slope under Mining Conditions in Nanfen Open-pit Mine

ZHOU Yi-Jun, GAO Yu-Shan, TAO Zhi-Gang, WANG Shuo, HOU Xin-Ran, ZHANG Wei

2017, 46(05):  154-158. 

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The rainfall and blasting vibration are the main slope stability influence factors by analyzing the regional geological data of the footwall slope of of Nanfen Open-pit Iron Mine.Based on the early study results,the numerical simulation computational model of 5# slope profile is established,combing with SLOPE/W module,the influence of coupling effect of rainfall and blasting vibration to slope stability.The study results show that,the changes of pore water pressure is little before and after the rock mass expansion mining,however,after the excavation of approximately trapezoidal rock mass,a part of gravity stress is eliminated,which has a significant effect on the in-situ stress of slope.The whole safety of the slopes under the action of expansion is deteriorated,but the stability of slope remains stable.The slope section of 286~454 m is belongs to the dangerous slope,the stability of slope section of 454~474 m is good.

Three-dimensional Geological Modeling of Cloud Data and Geological Hazard Evaluation of an Iron Mine

CHEN Jian-Feng

2017, 46(05):  159-164. 

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Fragmentation problems of data storage and input of traditional three-dimensional modeling software are existed significantly.Taking a iron mine in Tonghua City,Jilin Province as the study example,based on analyzing the geological characteristics and hydrogeological characteristics of the mining area,combing with SQL Server Compact 4.0 and SQL Server 2008 database and Civil 3D modeling software,the mine geological data cloud service system is established,and the three-dimensional geological modeling process is analyzed from the aspects of data storage and management,cloud data synchronization,basic geological data input.The study results show that:functions of query,analysis and modify of the model elements are realized based on the cloud server and core data of local three-dimensional geological model,and the profile figure and floor figure can be drawn effectively,the bidirectional dynamic automatic correlation is realized,which simplified the basic geological data input process greatly,and is good for solving the problems of data storage and data migration of the traditional three-dimensional geological modeling softwares.Based on the above analysis results,in view of the landslide and collapse geological disaster types that are mainly existed in the mining area,according to the topography and landform characteristics of the area the sliding body is existed,development characteristics of the master structural planes of dangerous rock mass,instability failure mode of dangerous rock mass,the dangerous rock mass is regarded as fully rigid block,the stability calculation method of different types of dangerous rock mass under the different load combinations is discussed based on limit equilibrium theory.The above analysis results of this paper can provide some reference for the further settlement of the geological hazards in the mining area.

Landslide Displacement Monitoring of Open-pit Mine Based on ASIFT Algorithm

ZHANG Hui-Hui, LIU Shan-Jun

2017, 46(05):  165-170. 

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In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing methods in the deformation monitoring of large scale open-pit slope,a method for monitoring landslide displacement is proposed based on ASIFT (Affine scale invariant feature transform) image feature matching algorithm is proposed.Firstly,the landslide physical model is designed based on the real terrain spatial distribution of open-pit mine landslide,and the sequence images of the model sliding process is obtained through high-resolution digital camera;then,the feature points of the optical photos of landslide in different stages are extracted and matched by using ASIFT feature matching algorithm,and the error matched points are dropped by using RANSAC random sampling algorithm;finally,the spatial displacement vectors of feature points are calculated by adopting the landslide motion feature vector set model,so the landslide displacement field is calibrated and the landslide range is determined.The study results show that：it is very difficult to monitor the landslide displacement in creep deformation stage by using ASIFT image feature matching algorithm,but it could be effectively applied to monitor the obvious landslide displacement in slowly moving stage,sliding stage and slowly crawling stage,the feature points matching number and matching accuracy of the ASIFT algorithm are both superior to the ones of SIFT (Scale invariant feature transform) algorithm,to be specific,the the number of correct matching feature points of ASIFT algorithm is 3~5 times to the one of SIFT algorithm,and the matching accuracy is increased from 75% to 97%,besides that,the calibration precision of displacement vectors is also improved obviously.The above analysis results further that the method proposed in this paper is suitable for the displacement monitoring of large deformation in late stage of large scale landslide.

Research on Chemical Precipitation and Flocculation on a Copper Molybdenum Flotation Separation Wastewater

ZHU Yue-Feng, SUN Chun-Bao, LI Zheng-Liang, LI Chun-Bao, KOU Jue, LI Ying

2017, 46(05):  171-176. 

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Sulfur and Fluorine content is very high in a copper molybdenum flotation separation waste water of a copper ore in Yunnan，direct reuse seriously affect copper molybdenum mixed flotation index.Test of chemical precipitation-flocculation settlement method is used to deal with waste water，precipitating agent dosage，influence of stirring reaction time on desulfurization and fluorine removal of wastewater，types，dosage，pH value of flocculant on wastewater flocculation effect，and reuse of wastewater before and after processing condition were compared.Research shows that initial wastewater pH = 12.5，sulfur precipitant copperas dosage is 83.33 g/L，fluorine precipitant lime dosage is 40 g/L，stirring reaction time for 60 min，sulfur removal rate was 93.37%，fluorine removal rate is 98.52%；New type flocculant M5250 dosage of 50 mg/L，turbidity of clarify water is 8.1 FTU.Copper molybdenum separation waste water after processing parts used in grinding and copper molybdenum mixed floating operation，can obviously improve copper molybdenum mixed floating effect.Therefore，chemical precipitation-flocculation sedimentation process in dealing with sulfur and fluorine on copper and molybdenum separation wastewater has characteristics of simple，rapid，efficient，economic and environmental benefit is remarkable.

Study on Adsorption of Copper Ions by Zirconium Pillared Montmorillonite

HAN Lang, TUO Bi-Yang

2017, 46(05):  177-180. 

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Zirconium pillared montmorillonite (Zr-pmnt) with basal spacing of 1.87 nm was used as adsorbent to study its adsorption technology conditions on Cu²⁺.Results show that under conditions of Cu²⁺ concentration of 100 mg/L，0.1 g Zr-pmnt was added into 50 mL Cu²⁺ solution and solution pH is 7，constant temperature water bath oscillation at 20 ℃ for 120 min，adsorption saturated capacity of Cu2+on Zr-pmnt is 44.26 mg/g and Cu²⁺ removal rate is 88.52%.

Manganese Modified Ti-bearing Blast Furnace Slag Type Photocatalyst Degrade Cr6+ in Waste Water

ZHANG Shi-Qiu, WANG Wei-Qing

2017, 46(05):  181-184. 

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In order to realize the targets of using waste into treatment of waste and turning the waste into treasure,using Ti-bearing blast furnace slag as material and MnO₂ as the modifier through high temperature solid phase method produced TiO₂ photocatalyst. Through XRD，UV-Vis diffuse analyzed its characterization，Influence of factors such as pH of the simulated waste water，addition amount of photocatalyst，and illumination time on degradation rate of Cr⁶⁺ by TiO₂ photocatalyst. Results indicated that anatase phase TiO₂ produced through calcination at 800 ℃ for 2 h of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag photocatalyst has better photo response effect to ultraviolet region. The degradation rate of Cr⁶⁺ reached to 89.17%，when simulated effluent pH was 1.62，photocatalyst additive amount was 0.40 g/L，illumination time was 60 min.

Experiment on Recycling of Magnetic Iron Mineral in Molybdenum Tailings by Magnetic Separation

ZHANG Xiang-Long, REN Rui-Chen, ZHANG Sheng-Nan, 吕Feng

2017, 46(05):  185-188. 

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Molybdenum tailings of Liaoning were comparatively coarse grained，75.16% above 0.074 mm.The iron grade of ore was 7.26% and magnetic iron was its major existence form，there were definite phenomenon of enrichment in grain level range from 0.074 to 0.038 mm.Recycling magnetic iron minerals from the tailings was conducted.Results showed that through process including one stage low intensity magnetic separation，one stage middle magnetic separation，and then regrinding middle magnetic separation concentrate and second stage low intensity magnetic separation，concentrates of two stages low intensity magnetic separation mixed and then cleaning by magnetic levitation separator，final iron concentrate obtained with iron grade of 59.12%，iron recovery of 70.05%.

Copper Flotation Experiment on Slow Cooling Copper Smelting Slag

LIAO Ning-Ning, LI Xian-Shuai, Yan-Fa-Ming, WU Cai-Bin, LEI Cun-You, YU Xun

2017, 46(05):  189-192. 

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The slowly cooling copper smelting slag of flash furnace contains 1.01% copper.Main valuable minerals are bornite，chalcocite and chalcopyrite.Main gangue minerals are pyroxene，glass and magnetite.In order to achieve high efficiently recovery of copper，copper flotation experiment was carried out on basis of process mineralogy research.Results indicated that，at the grinding fineness of 90% passing 0.045 mm，via two roughing(one roughing scavenging to obtain high grade copper concentrate)，three cleaning，two scavenging process.First roughing preferential quickly flotation with collector BK-908 dosage of 20 g/t，foaming agent 2# oil dosage of 20 g/t，second sulfide roughing scavenging with collector EP dosage of 40 g/t，pH adjusting agent lime dosage of 500 g/t，vulcanizing agent sodium sulfide dosage of 250 g/t，foaming agent 2# oil dosage of 30 g/t，finally，copper concentrate with copper grade of 17.77% and recovery of 89.38% were obtained.

Experiment on Reselection of a Au-Ag-Pb-Zn Tailings from Yunnan Province

GAN Heng, CHEN Jian-Hua

2017, 46(05):  193-196. 

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Main valuable elements of a gold，silver，lead and zinc flotation tailings in Yunnan are lead，zinc，gold and silver.Main metallic minerals are iron-lead-alumite，lead-alum，cerusite，bonamite，willemite，sphalerite，etc.Gold is mainly in microscopic gold form.Galena is the main carrier minerals of gold and silver.In order to determine the recovery process of valuable elements，flotation process was studied.Results show that when grinding fineness is -74 μm 83.6% and using one roughing three cleaning two scavenging lead preferential flotation，one roughing three cleaning two scavenging zinc flotation process，lead concentrate with 41.82% Pb，40.58 g/t Au，2 887.72 g/t Ag，recovery of 70.17% Pb，78.66% Au，75.18% Ag，zinc concentrate with 34.85% Zn，1.92 g/t Au，183.17 g/t Ag，recovery of 87.47% Zn，13.47% Au，17.28% Ag was obtained.

After Calcium Roasting Rare Earths of Bayan Obo Iron Tailings Leaching by Hydrochloric Acid

ZHENG Qiang, BIAN Xue, WU Wen-Yuan

2017, 46(05):  197-200. 

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REO content of tailings from calcium roasting-low intensity magnetic separation tailings from Bayan Obo Plant low intensity magnetic separation-high intensity magnetic separation-flotation was 12.27%.Main components is rare earth oxides，fluorite，small quantity of fluorapatite and quartz.Hydrochloric acid was adopted to study leaching rare earths in material and relevant processing parameters were studied.The results indicated that:when hydrochloric acid concentration is 1.5 mol/L，leaching temperature is 45 ℃，ratio of liquid to solid is 10∶1 mL/g，leaching time is 60 min，stirring rate is 300 r/min，leaching rate of rare earths could reach 93.15% and the leaching ratio of fluorine was only 0.23%.Under the low leaching ratio of fluorine premise，the rare earth could be efficiently leached.

Effect of Halloysite Nanotubes on Properties of FA-GP

LONG Hui, XING Jun, SUN Xiao-Gang, QIU Jing-Ping, ZHAO Ying-Liang

2017, 46(05):  201-204. 

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Preparing fly ash(FA) geopolymer(GP) using FA as main material is a viable route of comprehensive utilization of FA.Influence of halloysite nanotubes on the properties of FA based GP is studied.XRD，FTIR，thermal analysis and pore size distribution and microstructure analysis for pure FA based GP and halloysite nanotubes modified FA based GP，the conclusion could be received that halloysite nanotubes could enhance the amount of cementitious composition in FA based GP，which would decrease the size and amount of pores and compact the matrix.