Table of Content

15 March 2008, Volume 38 Issue 03

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Strategic Study on Chinese Metal Mining Development under Background of Rising Costs

CHEN Lin-Jie

2008, 38(03):  1-5+10. 

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The source of competition superiority of China's metal mining and its status quo are analyzed using Porter's diamond model, and its competition superiority model is constructed. The results show that China's metal mining does not have evident competition superiority but has a good development opportunity. Suggestions are therefore made on the countermeasures for implementing the development strategies of state, trade and enterprise.

Analysis of Performance and Potential Indexes of FDI Absorption in Shandong Mining Cities

LI Juan, SHA Jing-Hua

2008, 38(03):  6-10. 

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Shandong is rich in mineral resources but is seriously deficient in mining investment, and FDI absorption is one of the solutions. The calculation and comparison of the FDI (foreign direct investment) absorption performance index and potentiality index of Shangong mining cities can provide the basis for policy decision regarding the effective promotion of the economically coordinated sustainable development of these mining cities by FDI absorption. The analysis has made the following conclusions: Laiwu and Zibo are strong in FDI absorption; Dongying hasn't brought into play its potentiality in this respect; and Linyi, Zaozhuang and Jining have low potentiality and weak sustainability in relevant investment absorption. The performance of FDI absorption of the mining cities can be improved by such measures as improving the soft environment for mining investment; diversifying industrial flows; developing substituting industries for successful industrial transfer; participating regional division; and protecting environment to realize sustainable development.

Study on Several Issues Concerning Natural Resource and Environment Safety in Mining Area

ZHANG Da-Chao, DONG Bing-Yan, WANG Yun-Jia

2008, 38(03):  11-13. 

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The natural resource and environment in mining area exploitation are seriously destroyed but rehabilitation is very little, leading to the deterioration even loss of the living condition of local residents and their future generations, and causing the safety problem of natural resource and environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct the study on the safety of the natural resource and environment in mining area. The paper describes in detail some issues concerning the study, including the research subject scope, the definition and meaning of resource and environment safety in mining area, the discipline basis of the study and its relation with sustainable development.

Microcosmic MFA for Circular Economy Development of Mineral Processing Plants

ZHOU Xing-Long, ZHANG Wen-Bin

2008, 38(03):  14-18. 

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Material flow analysis (MFA) is an important means for indices accounting and regulation in circular economy development. Based on the brief description of MFA and its application, and the practice of mining MFA, binary microcosmic MFA method for the material flow accounting and value flow analysis for mineral processing plants is proposed. Metal balance method commonly used in mineral processing is introduced into the practical MFA for mineral processing plants. The method and model for the material flow accounting and value flow analysis for mineral processing plants are set up.

Progress in Research of Nanometer Magnesium Hydroxide Preparation Technology

NIU Yong-Xiao, XI Xiao-Feng, WANG Yi, WANG En-De

2008, 38(03):  19-21. 

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Magnesium hydroxide has the advantages of buffering, great activity and strong capacity, and therefore, has attracted more attention than other strong alkalis. With the increase of people's consciousness of environment protection, innocuous, highly effective and smoke-depressing inorganic flame retardants, especially magnesium hydroxide flame retardant, have been attached great importance to. The paper reviews the status quo of the research on the preparation of both foreign and domestic nanometer magnesium hydroxide and presents in detail the preparation methods including direct precipitation, hydrothermal reaction, precipitation-azeotropic distillation, pulsed-laser ablation, reversed precipitation, microwave-assisted synthesis, liquid-solid arc discharge, surfactant-induced solution, supergravity technology and normal temperature solid phase.

Physical Inspection and Design of Contract Specifications for Iron Ore Import

YING Hai-Song

2008, 38(03):  22-25. 

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In iron ore import trading, contract is very important and the inspection indices are an important item next to chemical analysis in contract specifications. In iron ore import trade, chemical indices are generally paid great attention to by ordinary trade companies while for the specifications for physical inspection, the previous contract or even the sample ones in relevant trade handbooks may used directly in the design, which can often lead to some faults or even immeasurable loss in iron ore trade practice. To well design the physical inspection indices in an iron ore trade contract, the types of the inspection indices and their functions should be well understood. Only in this way can an effective evaluation of the testing results listed in the foreign issued iron ore quality certificate and potential quality factors be made and physical inspection clauses be designed that bind both parties so as to achieve a win-win final goal.

New Mining Technology of Pillarless Sublevel Caving with High Sublevel and Large Drive Interval

YU Jian, WANG De-Wen

2008, 38(03):  26-31. 

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The adoption of pillarless sublevel caving with high sublevel and large drive interval is a world development orientation. To coordinate with Kun Steel's 4 million t/a project construction of mining, mineral processing and piping, new technology of pillarless sublevel mining with 20m high sublevels and 20m drive intervals was investigated. In light of the large drive interval, large-spaced drive drawing theory was adopted, radically changing the arrangement based on traditional theory of elliptical body ejection and realizing an arrangement fully tangential to ejected elliptical body. The best structural parameter combination of independent advance of ore breaking, blasthole row interval and bottom-hole interval were investigated through industrial test, controlling the large segmentation rate within 3% and ore dilution rate in drawing within about 5% and comprehensive ore recovery above 85%. The successful test of 20m x 20m non-pillar sublevel caving method in Dahongshan Iron Mine has greatly raised the mine capacity and reduced the mining cost, drawing China's mining technology level much nearer to that of foreign advanced mining technology (30m sublevel height).

Research of Mining Techniques for Orebodies with Multi-Mined-out Areas in Tuancheng Iron Deposit

REN Feng-Yu, LI Nan

2008, 38(03):  32-34+109. 

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Based on the investigation of the wall rock caving law in mined-out areas and on the tests, a full set of technical system for mining the orebody with multi-mined-out areas was formed, including “technique of under-monitoring forced mining of orebody with multi-mined-out areas”, “ technique for recovering caved residual ore at the edge of active mined-out area”, “technique of drifting passing through loose body layer” and “new type sublevel caving with an inclined platform for drilling, blasting & ore-passing.” They have been used to effectively recover the orebodies destroyed by mined-out areas and residual orebodies in Tuancheng Iron Mine, resulting in prolonged production life of the mine and good economic and social benefits.

Scheme Design for Recovering Residual Orebody in Sijiaying Iron Mine

LI Hua, JIAO Yong-Fu, SUN Guang-Hua

2008, 38(03):  35-37. 

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In light of the reality that No.3 pit in north area of Sijiaying Iron Mine will proceed from open pit mining into underground mining and the occurrence of the residual orebody remaining between N2 and N4 lines, a scheme for recovering the residual orebody is designed.

Research on Enhancing Dump Leaching of Chalcopyrite by Pyrite

ZHANG Jie, WU Ai-Xiang

2008, 38(03):  38-41. 

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In order to rationally utilize low grade copper ore and its waste resource, leaching test and reaction thermodynamic analysis were made of the enhancement of the dump leaching of chalcopyrite by pyrite. The results show the solution potential range required by pyrite reaction covers that for chalcopyrite leaching enhancement by Fe³⁺ and it is feasible to promote the leaching of chalcopyrite by pyrite under anoxic condition; the participation of pyrite can accelerate the reduction of the concentration ratio of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺, and hence the reduction of the potential so as to promote the leaching of chalcopyrite; the upper leaching solution is taken as the initial solution for the promotion of chalcopyrite leaching by pyrite at the dump depth where it is anoxic, with Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺ in the upper solution as the prerequisite for pyrite's promotion behavior.

Stability Forecast of High Steep Rocky Slope in Deep Open-Pit Mine

YAO Ying-Kang, ZHOU Chuan-Bo, GUO Liao-Wu, YIN Xiao-Peng

2008, 38(03):  42-45. 

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Stability forecast model for high steep rocky slope was studied by Linear and nonlinear methods with the case of east open-pit high steep slope in Daye Iron Mine. Firstly, slope rockmass was classified by the composite index of rocky slope stability analysis. Based on this, forecast model for slope stability was studied by multivariate linear regression and BP neural network methods,and the results were compared with those by limit equilibrium method. The comparison results indicate that there is complex nonlinear relationship between the slope stability and its influencing factors, and it is feasible and effective to use BP neural network to forecast the stability of high steep rocky slope in open-pit mines.

Stability Evaluation of Shizishan Rocky Slope in Daye Iron Mine

ZHANG Liang, ZHOU Chuan-Bo, GUO Liao-Wu, YIN Xiao-Peng

2008, 38(03):  46-49. 

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In light of the engineering geological conditions of the final slope of Shizishan north wall in the east open pit of Daye Iron Mine, three analytical method of limit equilibrium theory were used in the stability calculation and CSMR method was used in the evaluation of rockmass quality. The results indicate that the slope safety coefficient is all greater than 1, representing a stable status; and the rockmass quality is of Grade II that represents a good stability, except the rockmass in the middle and upper part of the west slope which is of Grade III that represents a general stability. The analysis results accord with the present real slope stability conditions.

Stability Analysis and Research of Soil Slope in Yixing

LI Bin, CHEN Zheng-Zhou, ZHANG Zheng, ZHU Hai-Jun

2008, 38(03):  50-53. 

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Landslide of certain Yixing section of Ningbo-Shanghai-Hangzhou petroleum piping was induced by local geological conditions and human factors. Based on the filed survey of this soil slope section, the strength parameter of the slope is found out by means of both variational method and parameter inverse calculation method, the slope stability is calculated and analyzed by limit equilibrium theory and finite element method, and preventative and control measures are finally proposed, including immediate stop of slope front edge excavation, adopting anti-seepage, drainage and water interception measures, setting two to three rows of anti-sliding pillars, and strengthening monitoring.

Technology for Water Inrush Prevention and Control in Constructing Tunnel Passing Fault in Complex Water-Rich Deposit

ZHENG Zhi-Jun, ZHANG Guo-Qiang, ZHAO Tuan-Zhi, BAI Han-Ying

2008, 38(03):  54-57. 

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Water prevention and control is an important link in underground mine construction, Baixiangshan iron deposit is a complex water-rich metallic one. In order to realize a comprehensive prevention and control of the water inrush when constructing a laneway passing the fault, based on the investigation on the hydrogeological conditions and water inrush law of this deposit, the basis of water inrush control and the specific method are put forward. On this basis, a scheme of curtain grouting for water blockage and control is worked out, which can be certain reference to the mining of deposits with similar special hydrological conditions.

Application of Curtain Grouting Method in Dongguashan Copper Mine

WANG Li-Sheng

2008, 38(03):  58-60. 

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Dongguashan suffered a water rush-in accident with the maximum rush-in water rate of 500m³/h due to the disclosure of a water-containing fractured belt in drilling a return airway. Curtain grouting method was adopted in passing the fractured belt, with eight curtain holes, 756.6m advance, grouting volume of 131.646m³ and three months' construction period. After the construction, the residual water sprinkling rate is only 2 m³/ h, fully satisfying the design requirement.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Rock Deformation and Failure Process

PENG Rui-Dong, XIE He-Ping, ZHOU Hong-Wei

2008, 38(03):  61-64+132. 

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Rocks continuously exchange energy and mass with the external environment in their deformation or fracture, and their thermodynamic state continuously changes correspondingly. The paper interprets the energy dissipation and release characteristics of rocks in deformation and fracture process with non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory. In the said process, the heat supply and the change in he shape and position of rock volume elements which are the energy source for the plastic strain hardening and micro-crack formation in rocks lead to the continuous growth of the micro-cracks dispersed in rocks, which develop gradually from disorderly to orderly and form macro-cracks. Macro-cracks  in turn concentrate in certain direction and finally form large cracks that lead to the integral instability. From the viewpoint of mechanics, it is, as a matter of fact, a process from local damage, to brushfire fracture and eventually to integral collapse. From the viewpoint of thermodynamics, this process from rock deformation, failure to collapse is an irreversible process of energy dissipation, including both energy dissipation and energy release. The rockmass collapse is essentially a whole process of energy dissipation and release, and the moment of collapse is mainly powered by energy release.

Study on Elastic Modulus for Fractured Rockmass Based on Strain Coupled Hydraulic Model

OU Yang-Zhi-Hua , YAO Gao-Hui

2008, 38(03):  65-67+152. 

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Due to various causes, it is often difficult in engineering practice to make a direct in-situ measurement of the elastic modulus EM of fractured rockmass. As an alternative method, the rock elastic modulus E measured in the lab is generally used to determine the elastic modulus EM of fractured rockmass. The strain coupled hydraulic model that is proposed in the paper has established the deformation coordination and stress balance relations between the fracture and the rock blocks in fractured rockmass. Considering the fact that water inflow in underground excavation in fractured rockmass can directly reflect the fracture connectivity and density, rockmass elastic modulus is calculated based on the said water inflow and the reduction factor of rockmass elastic modulus Rm, hereby providing a new possible way to determine the elastic modulus of fractured rock. The results of the model agree very well with the real data.

Reliability-Based Dynamic Design and Application Research of Bolting Support

GUI Xiang-You, MA Yun-Dong, YU Zhong-Ming

2008, 38(03):  68-70+86. 

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In view of the fact that presently, bolting support mechanism is not fully clear, a method combining mathematics with mechanics and theoretical analysis and numerical simulation with practical engineering measurement, and FRPA2D process analysis system software for rock breakage were used to make the dynamic simulation of the deformation and failure process of the wall rock in No. 9 coal-seam roadway in Wuhushan Coal Mine in Wuda coal area of Shenhua Group. The bolting support dynamic design method and rational design procedure were studied, reliability-based roadway bolting support dynamic design theory established and the related computer assistance system developed. Its industrial test in Wuhushan Coal Mine of Shenhua Group achieved good economic and social benefits.

Numerical Simulation of Deep Roadway Support Optimization in Jinchuan Mine Area

YANG Chun-Li, WANG Yong-Cai

2008, 38(03):  71-74. 

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Through the analysis of the deformation and failure of the deep roadway made based on Jinchuan's reality, it was considered that anchor cable support should be used for Jinchun's deep roadway and great importance should be attached to the floor control. In light of the specific conditions of No. 1178 section of the deep roadway in Jinchuan No. 2 mine area and based on the Jinchuan's previous experience in support, several support schemes were proposed, for each of which, numerical simulation was made using 3D FEM software. Through their comparison and analysis, it was concluded that a support method consisting of bolt-spray with wire mesh + anchor cable + floor bolt could basically keep the roadway stable. However, the real stability of the roadway remains to be monitored.

Analysis of Mechanism of Bolt-Anchor Cable Combined Support for Weak Rock Cavern by ABAQUS

HAN Gui-Lei, HAN Li-Jun, JIANG Bin-Song

2008, 38(03):  75-79+102. 

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The available anchoring support mechanism is insufficient in certain degree when used for metallic mines. The authors studied, using large universal nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS, the bolt-anchor cable combined support part in the support scheme for the chamber for the central transformer substation at -300m level in Hemushan Mine area of MaSteel Gushan Mining Co., Ltd. Through the analysis of the simulation results and in light of the results of the site geological radar sounding and long-term monitoring of chamber wall rock constringency, the authors discovered the stress change law of the chamber after its excavation, the expansion law of the plastic zone and the change law of the displacement field before and after the support; and meanwhile, systematically studied and explored the mechanism of the excavation and support structure of caverns in metallic mines. Based on this, “stress transfer＂support mechanism is put forward. This research achievement has validated the rationality of the original support scheme and also provided a theoretical basis for the anchoring support scheme design for other metallic mines.

Concentration Factor of Stress around Non-Circular Underground Roadways

LI Lin-Feng, YU Xian-Bin, HOU Ke-Peng

2008, 38(03):  80-82. 

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around infinite elastic medium cavities by using boundary element method. Calculation of rectangular roadways and upright arch-roof roadways is made by fictitious stress boundary element method to obtain the stress concentration factors of the key points around the roadways. The calculation results are compared with the relevant data in several rock mechanics monographs domestically published in recent years. Great errors are found in some of the data cited in these literatures, which the authors propose should be corrected in their republication.

Research on Carbonization Process for Producing Basic Magnesium  Carbonate with Light-Burned Dolomite Powder

ZHANG Li-Li, LIU Jia-Xiang, LI Min

2008, 38(03):  83-86. 

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The reaction mechanism and optimization process conditions of producing basic magnesium carbonate by twice-carbonization process from light-burned dolomite powder under normal pressure are discussed. The research results indicate that 60um long -2um diameter rod-like basic magnesium hydroxide containing 42% magnesium oxide and 0.07% calcium oxide and having a brightness of 97.3% can be produced at the following conditions: stop-point pH values for the primary and secondary carbonization being pH₁＝10 and pH₂＝9, carbonizing CO₂ partial pressure being Pco₂1 =0.03 MPa and Pco₂2=0.1 MPa, carbonizing solution concentration of 25 g/L and agitation speed of 400 r/min.

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Composition of Pyrite Surface

WANG Huai-Fa, YANG Run-Quan, LU Shou-Ci

2008, 38(03):  87-89+146. 

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The structures and compositions of pyrite surface before and after high energy electron beam irradiation were investigated by applying X ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and X ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that irradiation does not change the shape and size of crystal cells of pyrite but may regulate the relative coordinate position of atoms in crystal cells. Irradiation in atmosphere can decrease the sulfur/ferrum atom ratio on pyrite surface and that in liquid may, on the contrary, increase the ratio. The reaction mechanism of pyrite surface under the irradiation of electron beam is analyzed.

Test Research on Comprehensive Recovery of An Anhui Complex Polymetallic Copper-Lead-Zinc Ore

WAN He, XIE Jian-Hong, WANG Guan-Fu, WANG Sen

2008, 38(03):  90-93+154. 

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In light of the features of an Anhui Polymetallic complex copper-lead-zinc sulfide ore, it was determined through a systematic test research to adopt a technological flowsheet consisting of bulk flotation of copper and lead with zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite combined inhibitor for zinc mineral to separate out copper-lead-sulfur bulk concentrate, zinc flotation of the bulk flotation tailing and copper-lead separation with potassium dichromate as the inhibitor. As a result, a comprehensive recovery of lead, zinc, copper, gold and silver was realized with advanced metallurgical performances, laying a technical basis for the deposit exploitation and a scientific basis for the enterprise's decision-making.

Test Research on Recovering Tungsten from A Certain Yunnan Polymetallic Ore

WANG Guo-Sheng, HAN Zhao-Yuan, LU Yi-Ping, GUAN Ze-Gao

2008, 38(03):  94-97. 

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In light of the ROM ore properties, a technological flowsheet was proposed and tested that consisted of preferential flotation of sulfide ore, bulk flotation of  wolframite and scheelite, heating cleaning for scheelite recovery and gravity separation of the cleaning tailing for wolframite recovery. As a result, from a feed containing WO₃ 0.81%, a scheelite concentrate grading 65.99% WO₃at a recovery of 60.55%; a wolframite concentrate grading 65.4% WO₃ at a recovery of 13.78%; and a sub-scheelite concentrate grading 30.2% WO₃ at a recovery of 10.45% were obtained, with the total WO₃ recovery being 84.78%, a good metallurgical performance.

Experimental Study on Improving Silver Recovery of A Certain Silver-Manganese Ore

SUN Da, NIU Fu-Sheng, LI Yu-Hong, GAO Zhi-Ming

2008, 38(03):  98-102. 

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Process mineralogy was made on a certain silver-manganese ore, where the silver mainly occurs in silver-manganese ore and natural silver mineral phases and the content of pyrolusite is high, which is apt to produce fine slime in grinding process. Based on conditional tests, a closed-circuit test was made on the flowsheet consisting of primary grinding, high intensity magnetic separation (HIMS), secondary grinding, silver flotation and manganese flotation. As a result, a HIMS concentrate containing 595.7 g/t, flotation silver concentrate grading 7 328.0 g/t and flotation manganese slime containing 288.7 g/t were obtained, with the total silver recovery being 81.44% and an average silver grade of the three concentrates being 586.8 g/t.

Leaching of Refractory Gold Concentrate by Sulfur-Containing Reagents

ZHOU Jun, ZHANG Qiu-Li, LAN Xin-Zhe, SONG Yong-Hui

2008, 38(03):  103-105+137. 

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Based on the process mineralogy study of a certain refractory gold concentrate, leaching test was made on this ore by using sulfur-containing reagents such as thiourea, thiosulfate, thiocyanate and modified lime-sulfur synthetic solution (ML). The results show that this ore belongs to typical refractory ore with about 20% gold being enclosed by pyrite and arsenopyrite. ML can partially oxidize the enclosing minerals, resulting in an over 80% gold leaching rate, and therefore, is suitable for the leaching of this ore. The mechanism of the reaction between the leaching agent and the minerals is analyzed and postulated.

Improvement of Molybdenum Concentrate Grade and Recovery by Cyclonic Static Microbubble Flotation Column

LU Fa-Kui , CUI Wen, LIU Jiong-Tian

2008, 38(03):  106-109. 

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Pilot test was made on Jiduicheng molybdenum ore by cyclonic static microbubble flotation column in a flowsheet consisting three cleanings in stead of the existing nine cleanings by flotation cells. As a result, the molybdenum concentrate grade was improved to 51.00 %～54.00% and the recovery was above 92.00%, rather ideal test results, providing technical reference for the further expansion of the concentrator.

Stability Numerical Simulation of Transmission Tower Foundation above Goaf Area

WANG Xiu-Ge, QIAO Lan, SUN Xin-Shuo

2008, 38(03):  110-113+143. 

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With more and more transmission lines having to pass mining areas, it is necessary to be fully aware of the collapse and deformation features of the goaf area and the scientific law of its occurrence and development so as to take rational control measures, which can not only ensure the reliable operation of transmission lines, but can also greatly improve the construction quality and economic benefit. In light of the different relative position between the goaf area in coal mines and the ground transmission towers, the interaction and mutual influence between goaf area and tower foundation is analyzed by finite difference software FLAC3D. The analysis conclusion can be used as reference in site selection. Based on the influence scope estimation made before the mining, the rock strata within the influence scope can be avoided from being mined, which is the key to ensure the iron tower safety and the prevention the people's life and property from damage.

Geological Characteristics of Tianyu Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit in East Tianshan, Xinjiang

SONG Lin-Shan, WANG Li-Jin, DENG Gang, LI Jun, CHAI Feng-Mei

2008, 38(03):  114-117. 

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Tianyu Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit in East Tianshan, Xinjiang is located in the middle of Weiya-Mazhuangshan Cu-Au-Wu-Mo-Fe mineralization belt in the middle of Central Tianshan poly-metallic mineralization belt, south of Shaquanzi fault at the north edge of the Central Tianshan Massif. In the recent years, several poly-metallic deposits have been found in this belt, including Jiyuan, Huanglongshan, Caixiashan and Baishiquan CU-Ni deposits, Tianyu nickel deposit, East Caixiashan, Shaquanzi and Baoyuan Ag-Pb-Zn deposits. A preliminary study was made on the geological characteristics of Tianyu Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in this area.

Optimized Design of KKД -500 Gyratory Crusher Chamber and Its Test Analysis

CAI Gai-Pin, YU Wan-Min, PAN De-Sheng, LIANG Duan-Ping, LI Jin-He

2008, 38(03):  118-120+126. 

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As KKД -500 gyratory crusher has large nip angle, linear steep crushing chamber profile, different throughputs of cross sections along the chamber height, it has poor crushing performance and short liner service life. Based on the structural analysis of the original crushing chamber, in the design principle of variable nip angle, the curve equations for moving cone lining and the fixed cone lining were setup by multi-stage fitted curves. Lining curves were plotted by computer, the lining structure determined, and the chamber profile optimized. The crushing test on a high-aluminum ore indicates that the crushing performance and capacity are evidently improved by using new type crushing chamber.

Development and Application of SLK Plane Vortex Classifiers

LI Hong, LI Shuang-Yue, LI Jin-Chun, REN Chao-Fu, LIU Ji-Guang

2008, 38(03):  121-126. 

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To solve the contradiction between classification accuracy, efficiency and throughput and feed concentration, SLK high efficiency, accuracy plane vortex classifier is developed. It is characterized by the introduction of new pneumatic-sealing device, special-shaped vane and pre-dispersion system. In the research and development process, CFD software was used to optimize the geometric parameters and operational parameters. It is found through the simulation that when the rotation speed is 500r/min, pneumatic sealing can have a 100% trap rate for 50um  particles while the labyrinth seal can hardly play a role of sealing. Meanwhile, the flow-diversion capability of SLK model is obviously better than that of O-sepa. It is illustrated through the test research of SLK35 prototype and the engineering application of SLK 85 classifier that this model of classifiers can achieve a classification efficiency of  about 90% at high throughput and high classification concentration.

Numerical Simulation of Inlet Position Effect on Cyclone Separator Performance

JI Ying, ZHANG Hong-Bo, TIAN Yao-Peng, LIU Hui

2008, 38(03):  127-129+140. 

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Simulation study on the movement of particles at Lagrangian coordinates in a cyclone separator was made by phase coupling random trajectory model. The results indicate that the movement and separation efficiency of smaller particles are more affected by their inlet position than those of larger ones. Generally, the particles near the outer side of the inlet are easy to separate.

Determination of Power for Large Ball Mills

GUAN Ya-Mei, LIU Wan-Nian

2008, 38(03):  130-132. 

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The upsizing development of mining has brought the demand on the upsizing of mine equipment and also the new requirement on grinding equipment. With a large overflow-type ball mill having a drum diameter of 4 000 mm and an effective drum length of 6 700 mm as example, the determination of its power and its site operation are highlighted. It is concluded the ball mill power can be determined in accordance with its size, ball filling ratio and rotation rate, and the method is proven to be feasible in practice.

Effect of Roasting Temperature on Porosity Characteristics of Diatomite Ceramisite

WANG Ping, LI Guo-Chang

2008, 38(03):  133-137. 

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Ceramisite filter material for biological aerated filer was prepared with natural clay and diatomite as the main materials. The effect of the roasting temperature on the properties of filter material such as pore size distribution, specific surface area and open porosity rate was investigated. The results of SEM shape analysis, pore size analysis by mercury intrusion and other tests show that when the roasting temperature is 950~1 050 ℃, the specific surface area of the filter material is 7.76~5.49 m²/g; the pore size, 0.003~10 μm; the open porosity,73.88%~71.44%; and the volume weight 0.77~0.84 m³/g, better than those of imported ceramisite filter material. It can be concluded that rough-surfaced ceramisite material with good physical and chemical stability can be produced for biological aerated filter.

Treating Landfill Leachate by Mineralized Refuse Bioreactors

LIU Da-Chao

2008, 38(03):  138-140. 

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The concept and properties (physical, chemical and biological) of mineralized refuse and the mechanism of removing organic substances by mineralized refuse bioreactor are described. It is illustrated through engineering cases that mineralized refuse bioreactor has good effect of removing COD, BOD and NH₃-N from landfill leachate. Besides, it has excellent anti-impact load property, low investment and operation cost, mass and sufficient resource, and exploitation and utilization prospect in China. Its application and spreading in landfill leachate treatment will be of ecological significance and will surely bring good environmental and economic benefits.

Research on New Flotation Process for Certain Arsenic-Containing Pyrite Tailings

MU Xiao, CHEN Jian-Hua, HE Ao-Ping

2008, 38(03):  141-143. 

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In light of certain Yunnan flotation tailing, research was carried out on new process and new agents for flotation separation of arsenic from sulfur. The results indicate that at high alkaline condition, arsenic and sulfur can be effectively separated by using sodium humate to depress arsenopyrite and pyrite and using new activator NC to realize a selective activation, reducing the arsenic from 1.78% to 0.22%. The sulfur concentrate can have a grade of 45.75% and a recovery of 85.60%.

A Study on Manganese Carbonate Enrichment from Discarded Tailings by Ammonium Salt Roasting

WANG Shun-Cai, WANG Fang-Han, CAO Wei-Qin

2008, 38(03):  144-146. 

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Ammonium salt roasting process was used in the test of extracting manganese from the comprehensive tailing of Nanjing Lead-Zinc-Silver Mine. The test results indicate that a manganese carbonate concentrate grading 46.02% manganese at a recovery of 86.47% can be obtained under the conditions of ammonium salt-tailing ratio of 0.88, roasting time of 1.5 h and roasting temperature of 450 ℃.

Investigation on Classified Thickening of Total Tailing

LU Xian-Jun , CUI Xue-Qi, GE Hui-Chao

2008, 38(03):  147-149. 

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High concentration thickening of total tailing was investigated on a fine iron ore tailing. The results indicate that the application of hydrocyclone can effectively thicken the low concentration tailing. At a feed concentration of 10%~28%, the underflow concentration of φ100~150 mm hydrocyclone can reach about 70%, with the underflow yield being about 65%.The concentration of the micro-fine particles in the overflow can reach 45%~50% when further thickened by highly effective thickener. The application of “hydrocyclone-thickener” two-stage classified thickening can help realize a highly concentrated thickening of total tailing, with the overall concentration of tailing being above 60% at a feed concentration of 10%~28%.