Table of Content

14 March 2009, Volume 39 Issue 03

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Economic Analysis of the Exploitation of Low-grade Iron Ore Resources

JIA Wen-Long, CHEN Jia-Bin

2009, 39(03):  1-4. 

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The concepts such as economic grade was introduced to define quantitatively the specific scope of low grade iron ore resources and based on the breakeven point, the principle of the economic analysis for the calculation of critical grade in the exploitation and utilization of low grade mineral resources was deduced.Based on the widely collected relevant parameters and the calculations, it is held that when the price of iron concentrate is 600 yuan/t, the exploitation of low grade iron ore resources either by open-pit mining or by underground mining will not be economic and only when the price of iron concentrate exceeds 600 yuan/t, low grade iron ore resources will gradually have the economic feasibility of exploitation and utilization.When the price of iron concentrate exceeds 1000 yuan/t, low grade iron ore resources will generally have the economic feasibility of exploitation and utilization.

Analysis of the Supply Pattern of Copper, Chromium,  Potassium Minerals Lacked in China and Countermeasures

YE Hui, YING Hai-Song, SUN Xi-Li

2009, 39(03):  5-9+38. 

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With the rapid development of China's industrialization, the domestic supply of copper, chromium and potassium minerals lacked in China can no longer meet the domestic demand, and their import exhibits a trend of large amount and high price.From a viewpoint of the world market, the paper studies the world reserve and production distribution pattern, price tendency and China's import of copper, chromium and potassium minerals lacked in China, analyzes the existing problems and proposes the countermeasure of using both domestic and foreign resources and multi-utilization of international resource.

Calculation Method for the Combined Support-Anchorage for Perilous Rock based on Fracture Mechanics

CHEN Hong-Kai, XIAN Xue-Fu, TANG Hong-Mei

2009, 39(03):  10-13+23. 

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Perilous rock is widely distributed in mountainous areas and on excavated slopes and can lead to a serious geological disaster.Where there is developed rock cavity, support-anchorage combined technology can be used to effectively control the perilous rock.By converting the load on perilous rock into the normal force, tangential force and bending moment acting on the main controlling structural plane, a calculation method is established for the fracture angle and joint fracture strength factor of rock near the end of control fissure in perilous rock.Based on this, the formula for calculating the stability coefficient of perilous rock is proposed.A calculation method for the support and anchorage force needed in controlling perilous rock is established based on fracture mechanics and then a method is proposed on this base for determining the sectional dimensions of support and the anchor bolt number.Real case study has proven the rationality and effectiveness of this method.It is an effective supplement and improvement to the relevant technical specifications.

Stability Analysis of the Rocks Surrounding the Underground Excavation under Slope by Entropy Catastrophe and Numerical Simulation

SHI Jie-Hong, WANG Jin-An

2009, 39(03):  14-18. 

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In water conservancy, hydropower, tunnel of railway and road, and mining industries, many underground works are carried out under slope, making it even more difficult to study the stability of complex underground works.Taking the mining carried out under slope in an open-pit coal mine as the engineering case, the rule of the entropy catastrophe was used to analyze the stability of the wall rock, whose result was then compared with that of numerical simulation.The study concludes that the rock in Profile A is not steady while that in Profile B is comparatively stable.This study is of some reference significance to the safety reliability of real engineering.

Analysis of the Seismic Stability and Geotextile Reinforcement Effect of Tailing Dam

PAN Jian-Ping

2009, 39(03):  19-23. 

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Based on the slope seismic stability analysis method proposed by Wantanabe and with the real case of an tailing dam, the effect of different accelearation peak values on the horizontal equivalent acceleation time course, safty factor time course and potential sliding block slippage developement process on the dam body and the dam reinforcement effect are studied.The results show that the reinforcement of tailing dambody can well control the seismic slippage and improve the integral anti-seismic capability.The inrease in the reinforcing material space and the decrease of design strength will both reduce the seismic safety coefficient of dam body.It is suggested tha proper reinforcement material space and type should be selected according to specific conditions.

Combined Application of Block Theory and Numerical Simulation in the Stability Analysis of Rocky Slope with Block Fracture

TAN Xin, FU He-Lin, GUO Ming-Xiang, SHEN Hong, TIAN Qing-Yan

2009, 39(03):  24-27+68. 

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The existence of structural planes destroys the integrity of rocky slope with block fracture, which can directly affect the mechanical properties and stress distribution of rock mass, making the stability analysis of such slope very complex.The block theory is an efficient analysis method suitable for rock mass stability, which has been developed and improved in recent years.However, the block theory can not fully reflect the interaction between the structural planes of rock mass while numerical simulation can give a full consideration to this.In this paper, the block theory is used to identify the type and instability mode of movable blocks and, on the basis of the determination of movable blocks, the numerical simulation is also used to assist the analysis of slope stability and reveal the instability mechanism of rocky slope with block fracture, thus providing a new approach to the stability analysis of such slope.

Experimental Investigation on the Fiber Reinforced Concrete Early Lining of Jinhuashan Railway Tunnel in Soft Rock Mass

ZHOU Tai-Quan, HUA Yuan, 吕Bao-Hua

2009, 39(03):  28-31. 

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Concrete reinforced with polypropylene fiber can improve the concrete flexibility and facilitate the interaction between concrete lining structure and rock mass.The fiber reinforced concrete and wet spraying technique are used in the early lining of Jinhuashan railway tunnel in soft rock mass for improving the construction quality of lining structure and the self-bearing capacity of wall rock.The design and material selection for the fiber-reinforced concrete lining of Jinhuashan Tunnel are described.To evaluate the lining effect, site measurement of the wall rock pressure, concrete lining pressure of both the section under test and that for comparison was made.The analysis of the measurement data shows that the wall rock of the section under test has a uniform pressure and smaller values of both wall rock pressure and concrete lining layer while those values of the section for comparison are higher, with the wall rock pressure only slightly higher.The fiber-reinforced concrete has a good lining effect.

Mechanism and Control Technology of Soft Rock Deformation Failure in Complex Environment

HUANG Xu

2009, 39(03):  32-34+95. 

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Based on the analysis of the characteristics of strong continuous plastic flow failure and extreme difficult support of soft rock tunnel in complex environment, the stress transfer process and mechanism of deformation failure of soft rocks in complex environment were studied.In the practice of Guhanshan soft rock tunneling engineering, the strong tunnel deformation was controlled, and the tunnel was kept stable.Analysis and calculation was made for soft rocks in similar complex engineering environment, and the control target of soft rock tunnel support defined; the principles for controlling plastic zone development was proposed; and the mechanical properties of shallow wall rock of tunnel and the support method for residual strength were given.Successful experience is provided fro the tunnel control with similar engineering conditions.

Non-linear Motion Behavior of Rockmass under Quasiperiodic Driving

SUN Qiang-

2009, 39(03):  35-38. 

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The main factors influencing the rock system are analyzed in terms of the characteristics of rock fracture under quasiperiodic driving.A stick-slip mode of rock fracture is established in consideration of the plane friction behavior, and based on the kinetic characteristics of this model, a kinematical differential equation is established.A theoretical method for judging the motion stability of the rock system is proposed through a non-linear kinetic study of the differential equation.The effects of different parameters on the rock system are analyzed by numerical simulation method and the stick-slip behavior of rock system is also analyzed.

Experimental Research on the Shear Characteristics of Interface between Clay and Structure

YANG Da-Fang, LIU Xi-Liang, HE Jun

2009, 39(03):  39-40+143. 

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80 soil-structure contact surface specimen tests are conducted by a refitted DSJ-2 electric quadruple equal stress direct shear device, which involve five contact types such as soil-soil，soil-smooth concrete，soil-rough concrete，soil-parallel veined wood，soil-vertical veined wood.As a result, shearing stress-strain curves for the contact interface between soil and different structures at various moistures and normal stresses are obtained.The result shows that the mechanical properties of soil-structure contact surface such as shear strength，friction angle and cohesion force are closely related with soil moisture, structure material and structure roughness.

Progress in the Application of Ionic Exchange in Nickel Hydrometallurgical Process

YANG Li-Mei, LI Ling, HUANG Song-Tao, LIU Mei-Lin

2009, 39(03):  41-45. 

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Based on the research achievements of the Bio-metallurgical Engineering Laboratory, the progress in the research of the ionic exchange application in treating low nickel concentration complex solution system is reviewed.The paper presents the reaction principle of ionic exchange and the progress in the research of the application of chelate resins, cationic exchange resins, special inorganic ionic exchange resins and β-cyclodextrin included resins in the nickel ion enrichment and separation by hydrometallurgy and of the application of typical resins in low concentration biological leaching solution for nickel and iron separation.It is pointed out that chelate resins exhibit a good application effect and that research should be enhanced in the synthesis and application of resins and new resins that are environment-friendly and have high selectivity should be developed in the future.

Research on the Beneficiation Technology for Donganshan Red Iron Ores

YANG Yong-Ge, ZHANG Ming, XUE Min

2009, 39(03):  46-49. 

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The process type, mineralogical characters, texture and structure, grindability and deficiencies in the original beneficiation process for Donganshan lean red iron ores are analyzed, the research and improvement of the new beneficiation process for Donganshan lean red iron ores described and the characteristics of the new process analyzed.

Research on the Combined Beneficiation Process for Dephosphorization of High Phosphorus Oolitic Hematite Ore from Wushan, Taohua County

CHEN Wen-Xiang, HU Wan-Ming, WANG Bing

2009, 39(03):  50-53+136. 

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To economically and efficiently reduce the phosphorous content in high phosphorus oolitic hematite ore of wushan, taohua county so as to gain a qualified iron concentrate, based on the study of the ore properties, tests were made on its beneficiation by physical process, chemical process and by their combined process.The results indicate that a combination of gravity separation and chemical processes can reduce the phosphorous content of the ore from 1.13% to 0.077%, which meets the state standard on the phosphorous content in iron ore at a low cost.Moreover, the dephosphorization solution can be recycled and will cause no pollution to the environment.Therefore, it is an efficient method for phosphorous reduction of high phosphorus oolitic hematite ore.

Research on the Organic Depressant for Lead and Zinc Flotation Separation

LONG Qiu-Rong, CHEN Jian-Hua, LI Yu-Qiong, WANG Jing-Shuang

2009, 39(03):  54-58+115. 

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The effect of molecular structure on the performance of organic depressants was studied.An organic depressant of aliphatic hydrocarbon with simple molecular structure was investigated through the separation of pure lead and zinc minerals and was found to have evident functional group effect.When the molecular structure contained a benzene ring, the functional group effect was not so evident.The basis for the molecular selection and design of the organic depressant for lead and zinc separation was proposed.Test research was made on the organic depressants selected and verified that the new agent GZT has remarkable effect on lead and zinc separation.

Surface Morphology of Copper Oxide Minerals in Relation with Anti-depression Function

LIU Dian-Wen, SHANG Xu, ZHANG Wen-Bin, FANG Jian-Jun, WEN Shu-Ming

2009, 39(03):  59-60. 

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Malachite sulfidization-flotation tests were carried out in Hallimond Tube.(NH₄)₂SO₄.was added to test its anti-depression function at the presence of an excess amount of Na₂S and the surface morphologies of pure malachaite minerals were investigated by SEM at various test conditions.The results shows that, in a malachite flotation system with excessive amount of Na₂S,NH₄)₂SO₄ , when added to the system, can play a role of anti-depression.It will make the sulfide film formed on the surface of malachite firmer, denser and more stable, facilitating the adsorption of xanthate.

Study on the Mechanism of Selective Classification, Regrinding and Flotation of Flotation Middling

PENG Hui-Qing, LI Ji, LUO Ming-Kun, LI Guang

2009, 39(03):  61-64. 

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The copper grade the ore of an Anhui copper mine is somewhat reduced with the mining going deeper and averages about 0.62% at present.The copper concentrate produced in the on-site test adopting a process of copper-sulphur bulk flotation and middling recycling with conventional flotation reagents had a grade of 21.47% and a copper recovery of 85.52%.In the test adopting the new closed-circuit middling recycling process consisting of selective classification and regrinding, the copper recovery was raised to about 90%.Zeta potential analysis and XRD testing means were used in the analysis of the new process mechanism.The results indicate that the cycling of stepwise grinding, classification and flotation can change the surface properties of the valuable minerals and increase their floatability.

Effect of Synergism between Hydroxy Radical and Sulfhydryl Radical  on the Amine Flotation of Hemimorphite

CHEN Ye, CHEN Jian-Hua, WU Bo-Zeng, MU Xiao, WEI Zong-Wu

2009, 39(03):  65-68. 

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In light of the characteristics of refractory hemimorphite flotation, the synergistic effect between hydroxy radical and sulfhydryl radical in the process of hemimorphite flotation is studied by flotation of pure minerals and actual ores as well as infrared-spectrum tests.The results show that hemimorphite can be activated by both hydroxy radical or sulfhydryl radical dissociated from sodium sulfide, and the selectivity and effect of hydroxy radical is inferior to sulfhydryl radical in the selectivity and effect of hemimorphite activation.Hydroxy radical and sulfhydryl radical have an obvious synergistic effect at pH 9~11, improving the recovery of hemimorphite and reducing the activation concentration of sodium sulfide.These conclusions are further confirmed by the test results of actual ores.Good flotation performance of hemimorphite ore can be obtained using sodium sulfide at a half-reduced amount.

Decomposition of Molybdenite by Oxygen Oxidation

SONG Cheng-Ying, SONG Hui-Juan, WANG Jian-She, ZHAO Jian-Hong, WANG Liu-Cheng

2009, 39(03):  69-70+106. 

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The new process for recovering molybdenum from low grade molybdenite ore was investigated.Unroasted molybdenite ore was oxidized by oxygen under alkaline conditions and the molybdenum disulfide in the ore was converted to sodium molybdate.Metal molybdenum was gained by acidification and extraction of the filtrate.The effect on the leaching rate of molybdenum of the factors was studied, such as reaction time, pressure and temperature, sodium hydroxide concentration and agitation speed.The results show that under a reaction pressure of 2.0 MPa, reaction temperature of 180 ℃, the sodium hydroxide concentration of 75 g/L, agitation speed of 450 r/min, reaction time of 4 h, liquid-to-solid ratio of 4.5∶1,the leaching rate of molybdenum can be over 99%.

Preliminary Study on the Grinding of Medium and Low Grade Rare-earth Containing Phosphate Ore from Zhijin, Guizhou

LONG Zhong-Yin, ZHANG Qin, TANG Yun

2009, 39(03):  71-72+76. 

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The medium and low grade rare-earth containing phosphate ore from Zhijin, Guizhou contains francolite (cellophane) which is the main phosphate mineral and dolomite, calcite and quartz which are the main gangue minerals.The test on its grindability was made and the effect of the grind size on the flotation investigated.At a grinding concentration of 70%, the suitable grinding time was 3.5 min and the grinding fineness was 74.9% -75 μm.

Application and Prospects of Xinjiang Bentonite Resource

REN Wei, WANG Li-Jin, ZHANG Chun-Jiang, CHEN Yong

2009, 39(03):  73-76. 

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Bentonite is a kind of clay with saponite type minerals as its main component and belongs to smectite family.Xinjiang smectite ore deposit is the world second largest, only next to that in the U.S and the only large saponite (lithium-magnesium saponite) deposit with industrial value in China.Bentonite has special physical and chemical properties and technical performance and therefore, has gained a wide application in chemicals, building, paper making, medicine, environment protection and cosmetics.The paper highlights the status quo of its research, exploitation, utilization and technology for its comprehensive utilization and the development prospect.

Theory and Technology of the Primary and Permanent Waterproof in Roadway Excavation

LI Guo-Fu, CUI Xiu-Qin, LI Zhu, CAO Sheng-Gen

2009, 39(03):  77-79+90. 

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The primary waterproof can be realized by curtain pre-grouting of roadway, which will control the water burst before, during or after the driving from the water exit points that have hydraulic relation with the driving roadway.The permanent waterproof can be achieved by setting a rigid-flexible sealing layer behind the roadway wall.A mechanical model for water burst points is established based on the effective stress action principle of rock and soil, and the constitutive relation between hydrodynamic pressure and contact pressure of rock and soil is analyzed.It is found that the curtain pre-grouting process is one where the effective stress gradually increases while the pore water pressure gradually decreases to finally achieve a dynamic balance.When the effective stress and the gross stress reach a balance in grouting, the primary waterproof effect can be achieved.The lining of rigid-flexible sealing behind the roadway wall can increase the effective stress and reduce the pore water pressure so as to achieve a long-term waterproof effect.This provides a theoretical basis for permanent water blockage in tunneling.The monitoring and application results show that the theory of primary and permanent waterproof has provided an effective way for the waterproof in tunneling.

Model for the Spatial Relation between Uncertain 3D Geological Bodies

WANG Yin-Xing

2009, 39(03):  80-83. 

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Based on Egenhofer's  n-intersection mode and in consideration of the particularity of mine geology, a 3D model for the M_n×n(4×4,3×3) spatial relation between geological bodies is proposed, greatly enhancing the ability to describe the spatial relation between geological bodies and providing a solution for describing the spatial relations such as inclusion and embedding.In view of the uncertainty of geological bodies, a R_n×n (4×4,3×3,2×2) relation model for fuzzy geological bodies is proposed, which can give a detailed description of the geological bodies with fuzziness, thus providing a model base for the query, analysis and reasoning of the topological relation between the geological bodies in mining area.

Characteristics and Indication Significance of the Primary Halo in  huangpengxi Gold Deposit in Qinghai

XI Chao-Zhuang, DAI Ta-Gen, WANG Ming-Yan

2009, 39(03):  84-86. 

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The geologic conditions are favorable for gold mineralization in Shuangpengxi gold deposit.Its regional geology and geochemistry are presented and ore-forming conditions are analyzed.Comprehensive anomalies of elements such as Au, Cu, Ag, Pb and Zn are found in a 1/25,000 primary halo reconnaissance.Primary halo abnormities reflect the existence of gold mineralization and Au, Sn, Cu, Pb and Zn are the most important indicator elements.Abnormities are closely related with the mineralization forms and occurrences controlled by faulted structures, further indicating that the gold ore in this area is mainly controlled by faulted structures.

Application of the Accumulation Gradient Method of Geochemical Exploration Secondary Halo Anomalies in Predicting the Pb Resource Reserve

HUANG Wei, SUN Bao-Sheng, ZHOU Ke-Fa, CHANG Xiang-De

2009, 39(03):  87-90. 

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Based on the geochemical data of Maizi Basin, the metallogenic regularity of three typical lead-zinc deposits are analyzed by comparison.The correlation between the secondary halo areas of different gradients and orebody reserves of Pb orebodies in known mineral occurrences and element combination is used to predict the lead resource reserve in Maizi Basin.

Discussion on the Genesis and Prospecting Direction of Cryptoexplosive reccia Type Deposit in Case of Laotian Rockmass

XUAN Shen-Min

2009, 39(03):  91-95. 

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Laotian rockmass occurs in a belt of magmatic complex in the southwest of Henan and is a granitic cryptoexplosive breccia formed in late Indo-Chinese-Yanshan period.Gold and gold-silver-lead-zinc polymetallic deposits have been formed in and around it.The paper discloses the genesis connection from metallogenic mechanism, proposes the short and long period metallization of cryptoexplosive breccia and summarizes the regularity of this rockmass and its deposit in spatial distribution, thus breaking through the restriction of the previous recognition of single ore type from this deposit and pointing out the direction of future prospecting and prospecting of multiple types of ores in cryptoexplosive breccia area.

GIS-based Mine Decision Support System

HUANG Jie-Jun, YE Fa-Wang, QI Pei-Pei, WU Yan-Yan, YUAN Yan-Bin

2009, 39(03):  96-99. 

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Mine is a complex system.The construction of mine decision support system by modern information technology for assisting the production, operation and management is an important component of mine informatization and digital construction.GIS, which is capable of space data management, 3D visualization and special analysis, provides an effective technical way for mine decision support system.Based on the analysis of the status quo of the foreign and domestic research, the paper presents the features and functions of the decision support system, proposes and designs the structure and model of GIS-based mine decision support system and discusses its development procedure and instances.

Test Research on Cleaning of Various Kinds of Magnetite Ores With ufeng Magnetic Separation Column and Its Industrial Application

LIU Yang, LI Lian-Bo, LIU Bing-Yu

2009, 39(03):  100-106. 

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The paper presents Yufeng magnetic separation column from its structure, separation principles, application benefits, industrial application and its efficient performance in the cleaning of low grade magnetic separation concentrates, the separation of extremely lean magnetic ores and the recovery of magnetic concentrate from tailings of magnetic separation, makes a systematic description of its test results in the cleaning of the undersize product of fine screening at Chengde No.2 Mine, the separation of three kinds of extremely lean run-of-mine ores of a mining company in Zhaoyang, and the treatment of magnetic separation tailings of a Korean magnetite ore, which well reflect its efficient separation of slime, liberated gangue and intergrowth, especially the lean intergrowth particles, gaining high grade concentrate of magnetic separation.

Visualized Management of Mine Underground Developments by Micromine

LIANG Tao, LU Ren, Warren Woodhouse, ZHANG Si-Wei, WU Fan, LIU Ming-Yue

2009, 39(03):  107-110+115. 

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Visualized management of the faces of underground developments is of great significance to the safety and grade control in daily mining activities.A mathematical model for real-time monitoring of faces of underground developments is established based on the designed parameters of underground drives and daily geologic logging.Excel is employed to calculate the results of the mathematic model, and set up the data sheets related to developments and geological features.A geological database is set up and used to complete visualized management by using Micromine software.Face samples and wall samples of underground developments can be treated as drillhole samples in Micromine, these two types of drillhole databases combined with the exploration drills database can be used to locally modify the block model only constrained by exploration drill database, and a more real block model can thus be achieved.

3D Visual Modeling Technology for Mining Engineering Based on DATAMINE

JIA Jian-Hong, ZHOU Chuan-Bo, ZHANG Ya-Hai, FANG Sheng-Yong

2009, 39(03):  111-115. 

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The building of 3D visual modeling for mining engineering is a core component of digital mine and is also of great importance to mine design, production and residual ore extraction.The paper, in light of the real case of Fenghuangshan Copper Mine in Anhui, describes the process of wireframe modeling of underground mining engineering based on DATAMINE software, analyzes some key techniques used in 3D modeling and the establishment of 3D visual model.

Application of SSS Bifrequency Double Ring High Gradient Magnetic eparator in Luanchuan Specularite Concentrator

ZHAO Ming

2009, 39(03):  116-117+162. 

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SSS bifrequency double ring high gradient magnetic separator is a new type highly efficient high intensity magnetic separator.It is equipped with a bifrequency pulsing device, eliminating the problems of low grade concentrate and easy blockage of magnetic medium in treating weakly magnetic minerals.In treating specularite ore, the machine exhibited its advantages of large enrichment ratio, wide separation size scope and reliable operation, and achieved good concentration performance.

Industrial Tests on Improving the Primary Grinding Capacity by Reducing the Crushing Size

LIU Bin, LI Mao-Lin

2009, 39(03):  118-120+153. 

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An HP 500 cone crusher was introduced into Fankou Leadzinc Ore mine in 2006 to reduce the crushing size from 11.5 mm to 9.5 mm. With the crushing size decrease, the ball mill capacity became a little surplus and it was planned to eliminate one primary grinding mill. Industrial tests were made on two different operation modes of ball mills. The grinding system capacities reached 5 500 t/d and 4 500 t/d respectively and the primary grinding mill capacities were improved by 25% and 33% respectively, with one primary grinding-classification system eliminated. Technical parameters of the grinding and classification can well satisfy the technical requirement of flotation process.

Design of the Transformation and Expansion of Caijiayin Lead-zinc oncentrator and Discussion of Its Problems

XU Xiu-Sheng

2009, 39(03):  121-123+129. 

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Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy The paper presents briefly the design the transformation and expansion project of Caijiayin Zinc-gold Concentrator, analyzes the economic benefits of its transformation and expansion and discusses the problems in practical production.

Robot Application in the Mechanical Ore Sampling and Preparation System at Rizhao Port

YUAN Xiao-Ying, YE Xiang-Yong

2009, 39(03):  124-129. 

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The paper presents the on-line moisture testing and sample preparation by a robot in the mechanical sampling and preparation system at Rizhao Port.As a result, the moisture testing and unloading of imported iron ore can be carried out synchronously, and -0.210 mm test samples can be directly obtained after unloading, realizing a synchronous on-line moisture testing and sample preparation in the mechanical sampling and preparation system.Through an optimized design, only one robot is used for on-line testing and sample preparation in the two systems for iron ore mechanical sampling, making the system more rational and advanced.

Study on the Separation Mechanism of a New Dynamic Combined Separator

LI Zhen, FANG Ying, LI De-Xiang

2009, 39(03):  130-132+158. 

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A new dynamic combined separator is designed and its operation is simulated by ANSYS CFX11.0 software.Assumptions are made based on the original classification mechanism and the simulation results.A new model is established, its separation mechanism studied and a new classification mechanism proposed.

Investigation of the Application of Hollow-through DTH Hammer Reverse Circulation Drilling Technique in Mineral Exploration

BO Kun, YIN Kun, WANG Mao-Sen

2009, 39(03):  133-136. 

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Sandaozhuang molybdenum-tungsten ore district in Henan has complex geological conditions and fractured strata, leading to some exploration difficulties.Hollow-through DTH hammer reverse circulation drilling technology for continuous coring is used in the exploration and has achieved good effect.This method has the advantages of high drilling efficiency, high rate of coring and good drilling quality, effectively solving the drilling problem in fractured strata.In view of the challenges of extremely serious leakage and poor core integrity in complex strata drilling, improvement is made on the reverse circulating drill bit.The technical features and its practical application of this process are described in detail in the paper.

Development of Alashan Mineral Resources Management System Based on Super Map

WANG Li, WU Fa-Dong, TIAN Ming-Zhong, WU Xue-Song, LU Jing

2009, 39(03):  137-139. 

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Mineral resources are an important guarantee to the sustainable development of economy.It is very essential to develop a powerful mineral resources management information system for management, programming, and exploitation.The system has realized the functions such as management of documents, query and search of mineral resources, and analysis and forecast of mining sections by using Super Map software, which, in combination with the original mining right and exploration right system, is used for mineral resource management

A Study of Constructing the Resources Environmental Database for Mining Areas Based on ArcSDE

ZHANG Tao, WANG Yun-Jia, SHU Li-Yong

2009, 39(03):  140-143. 

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In light of the general requirements on the resources environmental database for mining areas, and based on the analysis of the sources and features of such resources environmental data, the paper presents the structural system and technological concept of resource environmental database using ArcSDE and SQL Server 2000, and expatiates the data classification and coding, and the database logical design and storage design.A resource environmental database is established in light of the real case of Pingdingshan mining area.

Study on Geological Database of Makeng Iron Mine Based on SURPAC

CHEN Yue-Sheng, ZHUO Tong-Zhao, YUAN Hai-Ping, SU Cheng-Zhe

2009, 39(03):  144-145+172. 

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To solve the many problems in the mine current geological data by way of mining information system engineering, the geological database of Makeng Iron Mine was established by SURPAC platform-based comprehensive analysis of the large amount of geological exploration data accumulated in the mine's many years' mining and supplementary exploration, standardization of the initial geological data, definition of four geological data structural tables and data entry of 85 effective drill-holes in the whole mining area, thus providing important basic data for the mine's rational mining and scientific policy-decision.

Study on the Optimal Track of Automatic Shoveling of Underground LHD

YIN Chao-Zhong, HU Tian-You

2009, 39(03):  146-148+177. 

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The robot model system of underground LHD operating device was established and the shoveling track with the least energy was found through the analysis of the acting force and track of the cutting edge of shovel bucket-the end actuator of robot in the shoveling-loading process.However, the moving track of bucket in real conditions is a little different from that of ideal state.A method of intelligent inserting and shoveling with reduced resistance was used in an attempt to optimize the shoveling track based on the track of minimum energy.Through kinematic simulation, the bucket worked following the optimized track, resulting in reduced resistance and system energy consumption and increased production efficiency.Thus, the intelligentized level of pilotless underground LHD was further raised.

Application of Infrared Detecting Technology in Predicting Spontaneous Combustion of Sulfide Ore Dump

YANG Fu-Qiang, WU Chao, LI Zi-Jun, HU Han-Hua, LI Ming

2009, 39(03):  149-153. 

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Spontaneous combustion is one of the serious problems in the mining of sulfide ore deposits, and temperature is an important parameter in judging the spontaneous combustion degree of sulfide ore dump.The paper presents some basic theoretical knowledge about infrared radiation and infrared detecting instrument, analyzes the variation regularity of measure error in different measure distances and angles of infrared thermometer, establishes the quantitative relationship between the values from infrared thermometer and the real temperature of ore dump and summarizes the method for selecting an infrared instrument suitable for detecting spontaneous combustion of sulfide ore dumps.RAYTEK infrared thermometer and IRISYS thermal imager and a sulfide iron ore dump were used to detect a sulfide iron mine and achieved good results.

Storage Theory-based Research on the Optimal Surface Soil Resource Flow in Open-pit Mines

LI Chong, CAI Qing-Xiang, YUAN Ying-Ju, ZHANG Lei, PENG Zhu

2009, 39(03):  154-158. 

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The storage theory in modern management is introduced to the distribution of surface soil resource flow in open-pit mines.The supplying chain between soil collection area and land reclaimation area is considered as a resource supply and selling integrity.Based on this, the optimal surface soil reserve is determined and the calculation formula for optimal storage period and economic production batch (or surface soil supply) is derived.Further more, re-partition of land reclaimation investment in open-pit mines is made from the viewpoint of technical economics.

Electrostatic Forces and Dust Collection in High Electrostatic Field

ZHI Xue-Yi, JIANG Xiao-Hua, TANG Min-Kang

2009, 39(03):  159-162. 

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Electrostatic forces consisting of corona electrostatic force, polarization electrostatic force, contact electrostatic force & faradic electrostatic force are of great importance to dust adhesion on the plate and collection in electrostatic precipitator.The theoretical equations for all kinds of electrostatic forces of particles from microcosmic aspect are derived by setting up a model.By simulating the electrostatic field in electrostatic precipitator, the magnitude of the electrostatic forces of dust with different applied pulse electrostatic fields are measured，and the conditions for the air re-entrainment of particles under rapping are proposed.The experiment result shows that the electrostatic forces of dust is proportional to the applied pulse electrostatic field and the dust can not be re-entrained easily because of high electrostatic forces at a great current density .It is indicated that the charging bar is also beneficial to controlling the re-entrainment of precipitated particles.

Assessment of the Environment Impact of the Mine Waste  Disposal in Zhengjiapo Iron Mine on Groundwater

ZHANG Jian-Wei, GUO Xiu-Yan, WANG Xi-Kui

2009, 39(03):  163-165+181. 

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The assessment of the environmental actuality of quaternary pore water and bedrock water was made by selecting 13 environment assessment factors according to the basic conditions surrounding the mine.The chemical results show that the water quality of these two kinds of water is worst.The mine waste indoor lixiviation test indicates that the water quality of lixiviation liquor is good.The permeability coefficient of soil is 0.007 7 m/d according to the permeability test.It is concluded that the mine waste disposal has a small impact on the groundwater environment.

Optimal Design of Mine Water Supply Network for Dust-proofing Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm

HOU Xiao-Dong, JIANG Zhong-An

2009, 39(03):  166-168. 

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To realize an optimal design of water supply network for dust-proofing in mine so as to satisfy the requirements on the water flowrate and pressure of the facilities for comprehensive dust-proofing，a mathematic model for optimizing the design of the water supply network for dust-proofing is established, and an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is used to solve the model.In the case of the network system of Qianjiaying Mine, Kailuan Group, the economic cost and hydraulic performance in the design scheme made by the improved IGA algorithm are better than those by traditional empirical method (TEM).

Investigation on the Application of Cyclone Static Microbubble Flotation Column in the Re-concentration of Copper-Nickel Tailings

MA Zi-Long, LIU Jiong-Tian, CAO Yi-Jun, CHEN Xiao-Dong, WANG Wei-Min

2009, 39(03):  169-172. 

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Mining tailings, as a secondary resource, is attracting greater and greater attention.The cyclone static microbubble flotation column, a kind of highly efficient equipment for fine particle separation, was used in the re-concentration test of Jinchuan copper-nickle tailings, and the effect of using the flotation column to raise the valuable metal recovery from tailings was investigated.As a result, a nickel concentrate grading 3.763% at a recovery of 12.53% and a copper concentrate grading 2.351% were obtained from the production tailings by the process consisting of classification, regrinding, one rough and three cleans, achieving the expected results.

Study on the Sponge Iron Preparation by Direct Reduction of High Iron Red Mud by Bayer Process

HUANG Zhu-Cheng, CAI Ling-Bo, ZHANG Yuan-Bo, YANG Yong-Bin, JIANG Tao

2009, 39(03):  173-177. 

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The process of coal-based direct reduction-magnetic separation for producing sponge iron from ferric red mud can realize effective iron enrichment.In the reduction process, the generation of 2FeO·SiO₂ and FeO·Al₂O₃ can hinder the reduction of the iron oxides in red mud.Pre-roasting can promote the reduction of red mud, but in the presence of additives, the effect of pre-roasting will not be so evident.When used as additives in the reduction process, Na₂CO₃ will produce basic oxides that can react with acidic oxides, and CaF₂ can reduce the melting point and viscosity of compound generated through solid phase reaction, thus improving the reduction conditions.When 3% Na₂CO₃ and 3%CaF₂ are added, at a reduction temperature of 1 150 ℃ and a reduction time of 3 h, sponge iron can be produced with a metallization rate of 92.79%, an iron grade of 89.57% and an iron recovery of 91.15%.

Factors Influencing the Acidolysis Ratio of Titanium Extraction from Titanium-bearing Blast Furnace Slag

XUE Xin, Li-Wan-Bo, WANG Jian-Wei, YAN Sheng

2009, 39(03):  178-181. 

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Titanium extraction from titanium-bearing blast furnace slag was made by sulfuric acid process.The factors influencing the acidolysis ratio of titanium extraction were studied and the optimal process parameters were determined.The results indicate that the most important factors influencing the Acidolysis ration are acid concentration, acid/slag ratio and reaction time.Under the conditions of the titanium bearing blast furnace slag particle size of 300 mesh, acid/slag ratio of （1.8~2.2）∶1,sulfuric acid concentration of 85%, reaction time of 40 min, aging temperature of 160 ℃, aging time of 4 h, leaching concentration of 50 g/L, leaching time of 8 h, leaching temperature of 50 ℃, the acidolysis ratio was above 85% and a qualified titaniferous solution with a total TiO₂ content of 50 g/L  was obtained.The TiO2 content in the product made from the titaniferous solution by hydrolysis and calcination was over 98%.