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    15 March 2014, Volume 43 Issue 03
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    Fluorite Resources in China and its Industrial Development Status
    WANG Wen-Li, BAI Zhi-Min
    2014, 43(03):  1-9. 
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    Fluorspar is a rare and strategic resource.In order to realize more healthy and sustainable development of fluorite industry, and provide support for the related emerging industries and traditional industries, the distribution and characteristics of fluorite resources in China, together with the production status, the industrial policy, the market supply and demand, and the import and export features of fluorite and its downstream fluorine chemical products and their industrial development status are systematically analyzed based on brief introduction of wide applications of the fluorite.It is pointed out that the fluorite industry in our country will still remain a relatively sustainable and stable development trend under the background of stable traditional industries and rapidly-developing fluorine chemical industry.Due to the incongruously low reserve-production ratio of the fluorite resources in China, it is recommended that the state or the local government should make the prospecting efforts and progress on fluorite resources and strictly implement the market access system and the stable limit production measure to make full use of two markets both at home and abroad.By this way, the fluorite resources and its downstream industries can keep a healthy and sustainable development.Aiming at the large gap between export and import prices of fluorite resources, it is pointed out that China should promote the production of high value-added products through technological progress.
    Determination of the Filling Body Strength and the Ratio Opertimization Made by Slag Cementitious Materials
    GU Yan, 南Shi-Qing , LI Fu-Ping
    2014, 43(03):  10-14. 
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    In order to reduce the cost of filling，the relationship between the exposure height of filling body and intensity was calculated out by the empirical formula based on the analysis of mechanical mechanism of high-level subsequent filling body，and the design basis of filling slurry ratio was concluded. Then，the ultra-fine full tailings and the self-developed slag cementitious materials were mixed to prepare the backfilling slurry. By the way of orthogonal design and range analysis，the study focused on the relationship of the slurry above with various influencing factor，obtaining the weight of each factor and the optimal filling ratio. The results showed that the high-level subsequent filling body's strength must pass 2.9 MPa in the exposure level at 95 m，and 3.1 MPa in the exposure level at 100 m. Choosing the slurry with lime-sand ratio of 1∶5 and the concentration of 72% as cementing surface，the slurry with lime-sand of 1∶10 and the concentration of 72% as filling body can completely meet the requirement of the stope stability.
    Study on Hard Strata Rupture Law of Overlying Integrated Moving Belt at Stope
    WANG Qi-Qing, LI Wen-Ping, LI Xiao-Qin, SUN Ru-Hua
    2014, 43(03):  15-20. 
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    In order to control water (gas) outburst and other serious secondary disasters caused by the overlying hard strata sudden rupture at stope，the hard strata rupture law of overlying integrated moving belt in a coal mining face with continuous and large mining was studied.Based on study of the geological engineering conditions in a first coal mining face，such as overlying strata spatial occurrence，rock mass structure，mechanical properties and in-situ ground stress etc，the initial rupture and cycle rupture distances of the hard igneous bedrock at stope overlying integrated moving belt at first and subsequent working face were calculated and simulated by using thin plate theory and numerical simulation methods.The results showed that the initial rupture distance of hard igneous rock at first working face was about 300 m and the cycle rupture distance was about 130 m.Because the subsequent work mining was affected by the goaf of adjacent mining face，its initial rupture distance was about 260 m and cycle rupture distance was about 120 m.The results are in accordance with the field data analysis.Research results have important significance to predict and control water inrush and gas outburst in bed separation and other geological disasters resulted from coal mining under hard strata.
    Underhand Drift Paste Backfill Mining in Broken and Refractory Mines
    MA Dan-Jiang, WANG Yi-Ming, WU Ai-Xiang, AI Chun-Ming, YANG Xi-Xiang, ZHOU Fa-Lu
    2014, 43(03):  21-25. 
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    1# ore body of Baishitamu copper mine in Jiashi County Tonghui Mine Co.，Ltd.adopted non pillar continuous mining with sublevel caving stoping method，and there are such problems in mining as surface fall，steel arch lost stability，roof caving of roadway，high dilution rate，poor operating environment.Aiming at the problems existing in the mining process，the underhand drift paste backfill method was adopted to exploit 1# ore body after plan optimization and comparison of technical and economic characteristics.Results show that this mining method commendably solved the safe problems，including poor stability of surrounding rock，instability of steel arch and roof caving of roadways.Stope structural parameters and mining process were optimized with the loss rate decreasing from 17% to 4%~6%，dilution rate reduced from 18% to 5%~7%.While tailings utilization rate increased to 90%~95%.The underhand drift paste backfill mining enhanced the safety of mining.It is of great significance to the production of other similar mines.
    Numerical Analysis on the Mechanism of Mining Collapse in Shallow Seam of Heshan Coal Field，Guangxi
    LI Yuan-Yao, TANG Chao-Hui, CHEN Ren-Quan
    2014, 43(03):  26-30. 
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    In view of depletion of coal resources，the increase of ground subsidence caused by mining and geological disasters up in Guangxi Heshan Coal Seam，four shallow goafs in south-central part of Shangtang Mine are listed as research object to analyze the deformation and stress of roof and surface in mined-out area by building the three-dimensional numerical model with discrete element method，based on field investigation. The mechanism model of mining subsidence is discussed. The results show that: ①The goaf scale directly determines the degree of surface deformation，and the influence of surface soil's thickness is double acting;② Maximum of horizontal surface movement shift to downhill，and roof rock at downhill more easily results in breakage and caving;③ "two zones" have developed at the goaf overburden，and its main failure mode are tensile failure and shear failure;④The formation of shallow mining collapse is summarized as four stages: beginning，development，perforation and stable. Each stage has its typical characterization of deformation and stress.
    Exploitation of Residual Ore in Mined-out Area by Open-underground Mining Method
    ZHANG Hai-Lei, SUN Jia, WANG Cheng-Cai, GAO Qing-Wei, LIU Tao, HAO Xian-Fu
    2014, 43(03):  31-35. 
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    Due to the previous predatory exploitation in an iron mine in western China，a large number of waste caves with serious safety hazard have been formed and abundant ores are remained.Manual detection has been made in surveying goafs to get its，shape，size，distribution and resources.According to the spatial distribution and mining technical parameters，old goafs are divided into three categories.To make full utilization of the residual resources，the opencast-underground combined mining method was put forward.Based on this scheme，the ores in residual pillars and roof above 954 m level are recovered by open-pit method；After the completion of open pit，the original development system is used to recycle the ores under 954 m level and the slope ores with mining feasibility in open-pit by underground mining method；For the ores between 954 m level to 924 m level，the upper 20 m is drilled up-to-down from open-pit bottom，and the lower 10 m is drilled down-to-up from underground stops.The ores which are produced by blasting are as the lower-middle level covered rocks and are recovered step by step.This scheme fully recovers residual mineral resources in waste caves，but also eliminates large-scale caving hazards in waste caves.So it produces a higher economical and social benefit.
    Sonic Wave Testing Technology in Anchoring Quality of FRP Bolt
    LIU Tao, YE Yi-Cheng, WANG Wen-Jie, ZHANG Jie, HE Zhi-Yi, SU Shun-Xiang
    2014, 43(03):  36-39. 
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    Aimed at the current situation of FRP bolt's single anchoring quality testing technology and limited testing parameters in Daye iron mine，sonic wave testing technology is applied in the sampling inspection of FRP bolt's anchoring quality of underworkings in Daye Iron Mine.The acceptability of the FRP bolt's anchoring quality in 35 random samples is 85.7%，which is consistent with the actual situation of the supporting roadway.It is indicated that it is feasible to apply the sonic wave testing technology to detecting the anchoring quality of FRP bolt; The test results show that the main influencing factors of the FRP bolt's anchoring quality in Daye Iron Mine are anchoring length and anchoring agent compactness between FRP bolt and surrounding rock，Therefore the corresponding control countermeasures for anchoring quality was put forward from respects of drilling depth，anchoring agent filling quantity，insert depth anchoring bolt body，anchoring agent soaking time.The sonic wave testing technology of FRP bolt's anchoring quality provides a reference for the control of anchoring quality，and has a great application value to realize safety and efficient exploitation in Daye Iron Mine.
    Blasting Throwing Direction of the Layered Rock in Open-pit Mine and its Parameter Optimization
    XIA An-Xiong, ZHANG Jian-Hua, ZHANG Peng, LI Sen-Mao, WANG Tao
    2014, 43(03):  40-43. 
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    The relationship between rock dip and blasting throwing direction of the layered rock in open-pit mine was explored to optimize the blasting parameters.Taking Huangmailing Open-pit Mine as an example，single-hole blasting crater experiment in field was carried on.Then，the blasting crater profile was drawn by recording large blocks and flying rocks after blasting.Finally，the paper made the orthogonal test of spacing pattern parameters to determine the optimal solution with the application of the Split-desktop software for recording fragment distribution after blasting.The research indicated that the blasting effect is the best when the throwing direction of rock piles is vertical to the rock dip.The best spacing pattern parameters of the ore/explored rock and hard rock is 5.5 m×3.7 m，5 m×3.5 m respectively.The research provides a scientific basis for moderate longhole bench blasting in open-pit mine.
    Research on New Sealing Grouting Material with Two-step Expansion
    CHEN Xue-Xi, CHANG Zhong-Qian, BI Rui-Qing, XU Yong
    2014, 43(03):  44-47. 
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    A new sealing grouting material with two-step expansion is developed，considering the disadvantages of current sealing grouting material，including drainage of water，leaked after grouting slow solidification，solidification shrinkage，etc.，referring to the research result of high water content and aerocrete，with sulfo-aluminate cement，gypsum，quicklime as main material and citric acid，bentonite，aluminum power，various additives as accessories，through triangular plot and orthogonal experimental design method.If the material is mixed with water，the effective aerated reaction taking place between the initial solidifying point and the end solidifying point will promote the slurry volume expansion，then it will achieve the goals that the leakage of slurry in the segment of sealing grouting must have compensation and the cracks around the borehole must have plugging.once again the ettringite crystallization leading to micro expansion in solidification harden stage would contribute to the further compaction sealing of micro crack.Experimental tests showed that the material has a high water-cement ratio (1.2∶1)，quick-setting，early strength，excellent expansion (up 15%)，moderate intensity，high resistance to permeability etc.，and the condensation rate can be in accordance with the construction schedule well.The material has good application prospects in the field of sealing grouting.
    Heap Parameters Optimization of Open-pit Mine Waste Dump
    ZHOU Ya-Bo, LI Ke-Min, XIAO Shuang-Shuang, ZHANG Guang-Chao
    2014, 43(03):  48-51. 
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    The reasonable stacking parameters of waste dump would achieve the purpose of reducing the dumping cost and maintaining the waste dump security.On the base of multi- objective programming model for optimizing the stacking parameters，and considering the practical situation of an open-pit mine at home，the relationship between the single bench stability，the stability of the overall waste dump，and the stacking parameters was determined firstly.Then，the functional relationships express between the stacking parameters and the transport and management cost of waste rocks was established by considering the waste transport process and the spatial geometry evolution laws with the enlargement of the waste dump area.Based on this，the stacking parameters optimizing model of waste dump was obtained under the purpose of keeping the stability of waste dump and the reducing the dumping costs.The optimal stacking parameters was solved by the model as follows：the number of dump steps is 4，the minimum dump bench width value is 57 m，the height of single step is 30 m，the height of each dumping bench is 120 m，and the slope angle of waste dump is 26°.This result was in accord with the actual situation.
    Analysis on Different Frequency-band Energy of Blasting Vibration Signal based on Wavelet Transform
    WANG Tao, XIA An-Xiong, LIAO Xin-Xu
    2014, 43(03):  52-55. 
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    In view of non-stationary characteristics of short-time blasting vibration and quick abrupt change and the signal spread in three directions，and combining with the measured data of hole-by hole blasting in an open pit mine，the energy distribution of vibration signal in axial，radial，vertical direction at a certain point was analyzed by adopting the wavelet analysis method.The results showed that maximum frequency-band energy and peak particle velocity were basically in the same position with a proportional relationship，but sometimes some individual maximum frequency band energy was different.Three-directional vibration signals of hole-by-hole blasting were differently distributed into different frequency bands.The energy at each direction mainly concentrates within 250 Hz，and will disappear beyond 250 Hz; The blasting resonance less impacted on buildings，because the building's natural frequency at surrounding is lower and the vibrating energy at 140 m away from explosion source mainly concentrates in 15 Hz or more.The result provides a new approach for safety evaluation under blasting vibration conditions.
    The Impact of Dam Water Level Decline on Slope Stability of a Dam
    ZHANG Chun, HUANG Li-Fu, DAI Yong-Xin
    2014, 43(03):  56-59. 
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    When the water level declines，the seepage field within the dam will make change，and the matric suction of the soil will also change correspondingly.On the other hand，the pore water pressure and the strength parameters will also vary with the water level.So，the variation of water level has an important influence on the slope safety factor.The slope/w and seep/w modules from geo-studio software are adopted to simulate the decline of water level in the dam and the impact of matric suction on the slope stability.The result shows that: when the water level rapidly falls down，the water level within the dam does not decrease correspondingly，the pore water pressure is not dissipated in time，and the strength parameters C,φ almost keep the same.However，the faster the pore water pressure outside the dam falls down，the more obviously the slope safety factor decline.When the water level decline slowly，the dissipation of the pore water pressure in the dam keeps pace with the water level outside the dam.With the dissipation of pore water pressure，the effective stress of the soil inside the dam increases，and the factor of slope safety gradually rising，the stability of slope will also become better correspondingly.Meanwhile，when the soil inside of the dam is saturated，the matric suction is zero.There is no influence of matric suction on the slope stability.With the water level dropping down in soil，the saturated soil varies into the unsaturated state.The matrix suction begins to increase gradually，the safety factor of dam body will rise again，and the slope stability is also improved with it.
    Beneficiation Process of a Low-grade Iron Ore in Shanxi Province
    YUE Zi-Long, CHEN Bin-Zan, LIU Jun
    2014, 43(03):  60-65. 
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    In order to provide a technical solution for large-scale development and utilization of a sulfur containing and low grade iron ore in Shanxi province,beneficiation process on the ore was conducted based on the property analysis of the ore.The results showed that:①Iron mainly exists as magnetite and siderite,accounting for 54.46% and 36.52% separately in the ore,limonite accounting for 2.81% in the ore.Therefore,the ore can be recovered through low intensity magnetic separation,but the iron recovery was lower.②Iron concentrate with 69.65% iron grade,48.63% iron recovery,sulfur content of 0.09%,and sulfur concentrate for sale with 24.93% sulfur grade,27.77% sulfur grade were achieved by deal with iron ore with iron grade of 20.54%,sulfur content of 0.763%,through dry magnetic separation with chunks(-75 mm)-low intensity dry magnetic pre-separation with iron ore fines(-12 mm)-one stage grinding(55% of -200 mesh)- low intensity magnetic rougher separation-two stage grinding process(95% of -200 mesh) of rough concentrate-two-stage low intensity magnetic separation-one roughing and one cleaning desulfurization reverse flotation.
    Application of a New Collector DMP-1 to Reverse Flotation of the Mixed Magnetic Concentrate from Yanshan
    LUO Bin-Bin, ZHU Yi-Min, LI Yan-Jun, SUN Chuan-Yao
    2014, 43(03):  66-70. 
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    Beneficiation experiments of on-site mixed magnetic concentrate by using a new type of collector DMP-1 at normal temperature was conducted，in order to improve the concentrate of reverse flotation indices from Sijiaying-Yanshan plant，and solve the problems of original collector requires warming in flotation. The results showed that，iron concentrate with iron grade of 64.65% and iron recovery of 78.64% was finally achieved by dealing with the on-site mixed magnetic concentrate with iron grade of 39.05%，through the process，derived from experiments，of single-stage roughing，single-stage cleaning and three-stage scavenging，and middles back to the flow-sheet in turn. The new type of collector DMP-1 well adapted to temperature variations，and iron concentrate with iron grade of 62.13%，iron recovery of 60.60% was also achieved even at temperature 14 ℃ by single-stage roughing and single-stage cleaning open circuit reverse flotation process. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM) analysis showed that DMP-1 had good selective floating performance to quartz,dolomite and the like gangue minerals. That fine quartz particles，adsorbed and covered on relatively big iron particles，could not effectively dispersed and was depressed accompanying with iron minerals，is the main reason for relatively low grade of iron concentrate. Fine iron particles float by adsorbed and covered on relatively bigger gangue particles or in form of barren associated particles is the main reason for loss of iron.
    Magnetic Roasting and Low Intensity Magnetic Separation Experiment of Specularite Particles at 5~15 mm from Jingtie Mountain
    DING Chun-Jiang, CHEN Tie-Jun, HU Pei-Wei, HUANG Xian-Bao, MA Hao
    2014, 43(03):  71-74. 
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    The iron concentrate with iron grade of 58.5%，iron recovery of 78% can be obtained by dealing with specularite particles at 100~15 mm from Jingtie Mountain，Gansu province through the process of furnace magnetic roasting-low intensity magnetic separation-reverse flotation.Iron concentrate with iron grade of only 47.5%，iron recovery of 60% was obtained by dealing with specularite particles at 15~0 mm through the process of grinding-high intensity magnetic separation.In order to improve the beneficiation indexes，the magnetic roasting-magnetic separation experiments on particles at 15~5 mm was conducted.The results showed that iron concentrate with iron grade of 55.80% and iron recovery of 83.97% was obtained at conditions of mass ratio of coal to ore samples at 2%，particle size of coal at 1~0 mm，roasting temperature of 810 ℃，roasting time for 60 min，grinding fineness of roasted products at 80% passing -0.074 mm，and low magnetic field intensity of 91.56 kA/m.
    Experiments on Mineral Processing of a Refractory Copper-Lead-Zinc Polymetallic Sulfide Ore
    WANG Wei-Zhi, CHEN Li-Ping, MENG Qing-Lei
    2014, 43(03):  75-79. 
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    The structure and formation of a copper-lead-zinc polymetallic sulfide ore from Huludao county Liaoning Province with rich in gold and silver is complex，and it is difficult to separate copper，lead and zinc from each other. In order to high efficiently develop and utilize the ore，beneficiation experiments were conducted through process of bulk flotation of copper and lead-copper and lead separation for rough concentrate-zinc flotation and sulfur depression for rough tailings. The results showed that copper concentrate with copper，gold and silver grade of 20.88%，2.37 g/t and 1 808 g/t，copper，gold and silver recovery of 85.72%，46.27%，22.46%，lead concentrate with lead，gold and silver grade of 63.13%，0.99 g/t and 5 973 g/t，lead，gold and silver recovery of 80.00%，19.57%，75.16%，zinc concentrate with zinc，gold and silver grade of 55.96%，0.35 g/t and 37.80 g/t，zinc，gold and silver recovery of 84.21%,10.47%，0.72% were obtained respectively through process of two roughing-one scavenging-two cleaning for copper and lead bulk flotation，one roughing-two scavenging-three cleaning for separation of copper and lead，one roughing-two scavenging-two cleaning for lead flotation，middles back to the flow-sheet in turn. Copper，lead and zinc of the ore have been well separated and recovered.
    Floatation Experiment on a Low Grade Cu-Ni Sulfide Ore from Yunnan Province
    LIU Bao, SUN Qian-Yu, LIU Miao, BAO Xue, WANG Zi
    2014, 43(03):  80-83. 
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    In order to provide basis for exploitation and utilization of a low grade copper-nickel sulfide ore from Yunnan province，mineralogy and relevant mineral processing experiments on this ore was conducted.The results showed that：①The valuable elements of the ore are mainly copper and nickel，valuable minerals are mainly chalcopyrite，nicopyrite，violarite and nickel-bearing pyrrhotite.Copper and nickel mainly exist in the form of their sulfide，accounting for 84.09% and 85.96% separately，and copper and nickel are closely associated with each other and difficult to separate.Bulk flotation will be suitable to recover copper and nickel；②The optimal grinding fineness was 80% passing 200 mesh，and Na2CO3，CMC，CuSO4,and butyl-xanthate+thiamine ester were used as pH modifier，inhibitor of gangue minerals，activator for copper and nickel minerals，and collectors separately with corresponding proper dosage for bulk flotation of 800 g/t，400 g/t，200 g/t and 90+30 g/t；③Copper and nickel mixed concentrate with copper grade and recovery of 6.02% and 83.05%，nickel grade and recovery of 3.97% and 84.55% separately was achieved through process of one roughing，three scavenging，concentrate-scavenging for firstly scaveng concentrate，one cleaning for mixed concentrates of scaveng concentrate and rough concentrate，and middles back to the flowsheet in turn.
    Beneficiation Experiments on a Lead-Zinc Ore from Danzhai County
    CHEN Li-Rong, ZHANG Zhou-Wei, YANG Guo-Bin
    2014, 43(03):  84-87. 
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    In order to provide technical basis for development and utilization of a sulfide lead-zinc ore from Danzhai county，selective flotation tests of lead floating first and then zinc were conducted based on the process mineralogy of the ore. The results showed that，lead concentrate with Pb grade and recovery of 48.72% and 89.21% respectively，containing 4.95% zinc，and zinc concentrate with Zn grade and recovery of 45.89% and 82.42% respectively，containing 0.72% lead，were achieved at the grinding fineness of 80% passing -0.074 mm，and CaO，Na2SO3+ZnSO4，ethyl thiocarbamate + ammonium butylaerofloat and 2# oil dosage of 2 500 g/t，1 500+1 000 g/t，10+10 g/t and 18 g/t respectively for lead rough flotation，CuSO4 and butyl xanthate dosage of 600 g/t and 130 g/t respectively for zinc rough flotation，by process of one-stage roughing，one-stage cleaning and one-stage scavenging for lead flotation，one-stage roughing，one-stage cleaning and two-stage scavenging for zinc flotation，and middles back to the flow-sheet in turn.
    Beneficiation on a Certain Clayish Refractory Oxidized Gold Ore
    GAO Yan-Yan, QIU Ke-Hui, QIU Yu-Chong, WANG Yun, TANG Xiao-Jun
    2014, 43(03):  88-92. 
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    Based on the analysis of process mineralogy and exploratory experiments，the technical condition study on cyanide leaching-gravity separation process was conducted，to provide the technical basis for high efficient exploitation and utilization of a clayish oxide gold ore containing arsenic in Western Sichuan.The results showed that the gold leaching rate reached 76.55% under the grinding fineness of 95% passing 74 μm，dosage of lime at 1 000 g/t，NaCN dosage at 750 g/t，ration of liquid to solid 2∶1 for 36 h leaching.After the residue or tailings from cyanide leaching process are treated by roughing concentration with 6-S shaking table(stroke distance of 12 mm，stroke frequency of 300 r/min，table horizontal slope 2.5°，flush volume 2 m3/t，and feeding speed 5 kg/min) and scavenging separation with Type-B Falcon centrifuge of intermittent discharge(feeding speed 2 L/min，pulp concentration 15%，centrifugal field 225 g，recoil pressure 0.02 MPa，rotational frequency 60 Hz)，gold concentrate with Au grade of 33.79 g/t and recovery of 19.15% was received，and the total gold recovery reached 95.70% eventually.
    Floating a Middle-Low Grade Phosphorite with a New Collector CL-07+CJ at Room Temperature
    WANG Zu-Xu, LI Nan
    2014, 43(03):  93-96. 
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    There are huge amount of middle-low grade phosphorite rock resources around Tien Lake.In order to high-efficiently exploit these resources and solve the problems such as poor decentrality and solubility of traditional collectors，beneficiation experiments on a phosphorite around Tien Lake was carried out by using a new type collector CL-07+CJ invented by Kunming Metallurgical Research Institute.The results showed that phosphorus concentrate with P2O5 grade of 34.60%，P2O5 recovery of 94.10% was obtained with the grinding fineness of 60.4% passing 200 mesh，slurry temperature at 15 ℃，dosage of gangue mineral depressor Na2SiO3 of 2.0 kg/t and slurry pH regulator NaOH at 0.8 kg/t for roughing，dosage of phosphate mineral collector CL-07+CJ at 0.4+0.14 kg/t，through process of one roughing-one scavenging-one cleaning，middles back to the flow-sheet in turn.
    Application of GRNN in the Prediction of Surface Deformation in Mining Areas
    GAO Cai-Yun, CUI Xi-Min, GAO Ning, HONG Xue-Qian
    2014, 43(03):  97-100. 
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    In view of the complexity and nonlinear characteristics of the prediction results，a new prediction model of surface deformation in mining areas is constructed based on the generalized regression neural network(GRNN).Firstly，the modeling principles of GRNN are discussed and the key factors that affect the prediction accuracy of GRNN model are introduced.Then，in order to improve the generalization ability and prediction accuracy of the network，the network is modeled and trained by adopting the rolling modeling method.The optimal smoothing factor SPREAD is determined in line with the across validation algorithm based on RMSE.Finally，the optimized GRNN is applied to predict the surface deformation in a mining area.The prediction results of BP neural l network based on Levenberg-Maquardt algorithm，RBF neural network and regression analysis method are used to compare with one of the optimized GRNN.The results show that，the GRNN net work generalization ability and prediction accuracy are better than the others，in addition，the algorithm of optimized GRNN is stable.So，the optimized GRNN is suitable for surface deformation prediction in mining areas.
    The Relationship between the Organic Matter Uranium Mineralization at 373 Uranium Deposit
    WANG Peng-Chong, XU Zheng-Qi, LI Ping, WANG Ye
    2014, 43(03):  101-104. 
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    The type and maturity of organic matter in deposit are obtained by using rock pyrolysis，extracting and quantification of chloroform bitumen “A” and its group components and determination of the vitrinite reflectance so as to analyze the role of the organic matter in the process of uranium mineralization.The results showed that the type of organic matter in 373 uranium deposit isⅡ2，which mainly comes from marine plankton，microorganisms and terrestrial plants.The organic matter owns a low maturity and lies in the early stage of immature and low mature.Compared with the surrounding rock，organic matter has experienced the relatively high palaeogeothermal on account of the effects of hydrothermal and fault on ore-body.The large amount of humic acid that are determined by the type of organic matter and maturity are produced in the evolution process of organic matter and are stored in strata.The content of chloroform bitumen “A” of organic matter in the deposit is(0.47~10.42)×10-6，asphaltene is the main composition of chloroform bitumen “A” of the organic matter.Chloroform bitumen “A” has good correlation with the asphaltene content and uranium content.The comprehensive research results showed that absorption，complexation and reduction are the main function of organic matter in the process of 373 uranium mineralization.
    Evaluation on the Comparative Analysis method of the Management Policy Implementation Effect of Geological Prospecting Industry
    WANG Yong-Sheng, ZHANG Zhi-Min
    2014, 43(03):  105-107. 
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    Quantitative evaluation on the management policy implementation effect of the geological prospecting industry in our country is conducted by adopting the comparative analysis method of projection-after the implementation under the basis of constructing the evaluation index system of the management policy implementation effect of geological prospecting industry in China.According to the evaluation results，the overall evaluation results of the management policy implementation effect are not so good.That is to say，among the 15 indexes that passed inspection，the positive indexes is 8，the rest of them are the negative indexes.The above research results show that the management policy of geological prospecting industry in our country plays a positive role in promoting technology development，guiding the layout for geological prospecting works and making polices.However，the implementation effects of improving the mechanism of geological prospecting market access and strengthening the guidance and supervision of geological prospecting market are not so satisfactory.So，reinforcing the guidance and supervision of geological prospecting market is the key of promoting the implementation of management policy of geological prospecting industry，and the cultivation and supervision system of transferring and remising exploration right should be optimized.In addition，the mechanism of geological prospecting market access must be improved，the information service of the geological prospecting industry should be enhanced and the technology of geological prospecting industry must be improved effectively.
    Geochemical Characteristics of REE of Pangxidong Electrum Deposit of Guangdong Province
    吕Wen-Chao , LIU Xiao-Yu, CHEN Qing, ZENG Chang-Yu, ZHOU Yong-Zhang
    2014, 43(03):  108-110. 
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    Comparative analysis on the geochemical characteristics of REE of Pangdong electrum deposit in Guangdong province showed that the scale of REE in different rocks are not same with each other，and the scale of REE in electrum deposit in research region is close to that in mixed rocks and Yingqiao granite.So it is inferred that the formation of electrum deposit may have a closer relationship with mixed rocks and Yingqiao granite.The partition curve of REE，enrichment degree of the heavy rare earths and light rare earths and the Eu anomaly of the electrum ore in the research region are similar with that of the mixed rocks，indicating that the electrum deposit is close with mixed rocks in the research region.It is more likely that，the mixed rocks in research region are the main material sources of the electrum deposit.The formation of Yingqiao granite provided the heat source and some of silver and gold elements and made the elements secondly enriched，and then the electrum deposit is finally formed.It is necessary to pay more attention to the contact areas of Yinqiao granite and mixed rocks in the further exploration works in the research region.
    Tectonic Setting of the Formation of Quartz-vein Type Gold Mineralization in Kalamali Gold Belt of Xinjiang
    NIE Xiao-Yong, SU Da-Yong, YANG Xiang-Dong
    2014, 43(03):  111-115. 
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    According to the geological survey results，the ore-hosting rock series of quartz-vein type gold mineralization in Kalamali gold belt is made up of ophiolite and tephra-sedimentation formations.The geochemistry characteristics of main and trace elements among sedimentary types of ore rock siliceous rocks and clastic rocks are researched.Then,w(MnO)/w(TiO2) value and w(Al2O3)/w(Al2O3+Fe2O3) value of siliceous rocks is 1.3~3.7 and 0.08~0.36 respectively.The standardization mode curve of REE among north American shale is close to the horizontal level，the δCe/δCe* value is less than 1,δLa/δCe value is 1.12~1.93.It is determined that the sedimentary environment is the oceanic basin that affected by spreading ridge hydrothermal activities seriously.Clastic rocks come from the continental island arc which sources are affected by the oceanic island arc.It is further confirmed that，volcanic rocks of ophiolite are forming in fore-arc area.The close relationship between the quartz-vein type mineralization and the volcanic rocks is discussed，and they both maybe the product of subduction of oceanic ridge under the island arc system between 310~315 Ma.The hydrothermal activities under different environments has different performance，that is to say，the hydrothermal sediment siliceous rocks is deposited near the ocean floor basalt，and the gold-bearing quartz veins deposited in tectonic fractures of two host rock series.
    Design on Wireless Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System of Metal Mine
    HE Xue-Wen, SUN Han, CAO Qing-Mei
    2014, 43(03):  116-119. 
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    Aimed at the present disadvantages about temperature and humidity monitoring system of metal mine，such as complex cable wiring，high cost，poor flexibility，prone to blind area monitoring and so on，a wireless temperature and humidity monitoring system is designed.The system nodes revolve around CC2530，end nodes sense the temperature and humidity of metal mine by temperature and humidity sensor SHT10，then，data is sent to sink node from end nodes by the way of wireless.Sink node sends processed data to the monitoring center of the upper machine by a serial port.The system uses LabVIEW as PC monitoring software development with friendly human-computer interaction interface，which realizes automatic data collection，processing，display，storage，abnormal situation of automatic alarm and so on，the final implementation of real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity in mental mine.The experimental results show that the system has some advantages，such as high reliability，low cost，flexible layout，convenient maintenance and so on，solving the existing problems in temperature and humidity monitoring system of metal mine.
    Development and Application of the Split Crawler Drilling Rig
    WU Di
    2014, 43(03):  120-123. 
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    There are some shortcomings in the split drilling rig and the entire crawler drilling rig，that can not integrate such functions as high flexibility，small size，high personnel security into one device.So the drilling efficiency for gas extraction is lowered and the drilling rig has a poor adaptability under complex drilling field and mines.The split crawler drilling rig is a new type of drilling and construction equipment for gas extraction.Due to its split and crawler structure，this new-type rig owns small size，flexible underground mobility，and workers can stay away from the orifice and the host to realize control and operation of drilling.Combined with complex conditions of coal mine/rock occurrence and drilling field，and based on analysis and investigation of the structural features，the main function，the key technologies and the hydraulic systems of split crawler drilling rig，the split crawler rig series for different condition and construction environment were designed.The industrial test showed that the split crawler rig has moderate dimensions，high flexibility at underground，high comprehensive drilling efficiency，and wide adaptability.It has a good prospect in mines with complex conditions.
    Weighting Analysis of Transportation and Lift Limiting Factors Based on AHP
    XUE Zhen-Lin, WU Ai-Xiang, WANG Yi-Ming, HUANG Ming-Qing, YANG Peng
    2014, 43(03):  124-127. 
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    In order to reasonably optimize the mine transportation and hoisting system，an AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)model of haulage and hoisting limiting factors was established based on the analysis of the factor limiting the transportation and hoisting operation in a certain mine by using the AHP.The weights of the limiting factors were obtained by constructing judgment matrix and solving the AHP model.The multistage lift was low efficient and had the largest weight of 35.2%.The shaft lacks of unified design and the transport efficiency at middle is lower.These two factors' weight occupied 15.04% and 14.55%，respectively.The rest of the factors were not up to 10%.The judgment matrix consistency of single order and the total order are checked as with good consistency.The results showed that it was feasible to obtain the relative importance of limiting factors in mine transport and hoisting transport system by AHP.The analysis results provided the basis for optimizing decision and some recommendations were given.The work should focus on improving the multistage slope lift way，accomplishing the uniform design in deep transportation promotion and paying attention to sublevel haulage.
    Test Platform Design of the Coal Mining Face Support
    PENG Rui, ZHAO Guang-Ming, MENG Xiang-Rui
    2014, 43(03):  128-131. 
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    Due to simple structure of existing hydraulic support at domestic and backward of loading device and monitoring instrument，it is difficult to dynamically monitor the failure evolution of stope roof and floor rock and is unable to automatically adjust the face inclined angle，etc.In order to overcome these shortcomings above，a platform to test support effect of working resistance，roof pressure，interior fissures of roof and floor and different frame bracket under a variety of stope environments was designed according to the process of hydraulic support and working face of roof and floor.Through the signal acquisition system and the signal processing system，the loading force，the stress of the movable support and the development and distribution of internal fracture of roof and floor rocks were real-time monitored，collected and stored.Based on the study above，the relationship between stope support and surrounding rock was analyzed from microcosmic aspect.
    Experiments on Fine Ilmenite Recovery with Magnetic Spiral Chute
    CHEN Xiao-Ming, YAN Peng, CHEN Li-Xing
    2014, 43(03):  132-135. 
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    In order to test the superiority of new developed magnetic spiral chute in fine ilmenite recovery，the beneficiation experiments on ilmenite ores with particle sizes of 0.074~0.038 mm and -0.038 mm were conducted by adopting BLL-600 magnetic spiral chute and the conventional spiral chute.The results showed that: ①for ilmenite with particle sizes of 0.074~0.038 mm，14% of feeding concentration，and 5.4 L/min of feeding capacity，rough titanium concentrate with TiO2 grade of 27.03% and recovery of 72.20% was obtained by one roughing using conventional spiral chute，while rough titanium concentrate with TiO2 grade of 27.19% and recovery of 86.04% was achieved by one roughing using magnetic spiral chute.②For ilmenite in -0.038 mm，10% of feeding concentration，and 4.2 L/min of feeding capacity，rough titanium concentrate with TiO2 grade of 8.48% and recovery of 42.83% was obtained by one roughing using conventional spiral chute，however rough titanium concentrate with TiO2 grade of 8.43% and recovery of 57.88% was achieved by one roughing in magnetic spiral chute.③titanium concentrate recovery by magnetic spiral chute was significantly higher than that by conventional spiral chute under the same operating conditions.④the magnetic spiral chute significantly increased the capacity with the same titanium concentrate index.
    Optimization of Mine Ventilation Resistance Parameter Based on Ventsim Software
    LI Zi-Jun, CHEN Yan-Li
    2014, 43(03):  136-140. 
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    It's very important to research the impact of the wind resistance changing regular of mine ventilation on mine ventilation network solution and optimal regulation. The single factor analysis method is proposed to realize a fast and high efficient optimal ventilation system by using the equilibrium rule of air volume，wind pressure and wind resistance of the ventilation system. In this method，the reacting rule for the other branch's air volume and air pressure with the variation is concluded through changing the wind resistance of one roadway branch. Taking a metal mine for example，the ventilation system model was introduced into Ventsim three-dimensional simulation system. Selecting a special branch as a representative，with any other parameters unchanged，and varying its wind resistance，the data needed were calculated out by simulation. Finally，the resolving results were analyzed and compared to determine the relationship between the branch and the associated branch's air volume and fan operating to judge its impacting level on the stability of the ventilation. The research not only provides the theoretical basis for the design of the mine ventilation system at early stage，but also the data support for post-mine ventilation system operation and reconstruction，and eventually lays a solid foundation for realizing the mine safety production.
    Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics of Reclaimed Soils at an Opencast Coal Mine
    LIU Wei-Hong, WANG Jin-Man, BAI Zhong-Ke, ZHANG Geng-Jie
    2014, 43(03):  141-146. 
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    To reveal the dynamics of organic carbon in the soil profiles of a open-pit coal mine in loess area，and taking the farmland，woodland and grassland in different reclamation phase in Pingshuo mine dump as research targets，the profile distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its relationships with soil pH，total nitrogen and w(C/N) under different reclamation directions were studied.The results indicated: the profile distribution of SOC varies with soil depth and reclamation direction; the SOC vertical distribution in different reclamation directions exhibits a certain regularity，that is，the organic carbon content decreased with the increase of soil depth; Compared with the dump not being reclaimed，the surface SOC content of farmland that reclaimed for 2 years and 18 years，increased 22.73% and 46.06% respectively，the woodland reclaimed for 18 and 22 years increased 38.86% and 29.55%,the grassland reclaimed for 14 years increased 30.96%,while grassland reclaimed for 18 years changed slightly; the sequence of the organic carbon contents in different reclamation directions from high to low is generally as follows，woodland，farmland and grassland；Significant and positive correlations were found between SOC and total nitrogen under different reclamation directions with R=0.642 in farmland,R≥0.812 in forestland and grassland;SOC are in extremely significant and positive correlation with w(C/N)，with the correlation coefficient greater than or equal to 0.679;SOC content in farmland and woodland have a significant negative relationship with pH，(with R=-0.685 in farmland,R=-0.723 in forestland)，while SOC and pH under grassland has no significant correlation.This study can provide a certain reference for land reclamation and ecological reconstruction of opencast coal mine in Loess area.
    Grey Target Evaluation for Heavy Metal Pollution of Tailings Reservoir Based on Combinational Weight
    ZHANG Xiang-Dong, ZHANG Cheng, WU Ye
    2014, 43(03):  147-151. 
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    In view of the situation of the heavy metal pollution of tailings reservoir seriously harm the ecological environment and human life,taking 6 different tailings reservoirs in Liaoning Province as research objects，the method of grey target decision is used to make the quantitative research and evaluation on their pollution. Pollution of different heavy metals to the environment is systematically analyzed and 7 heavy metals including Zn，Pb，Cd，As，Cu，Cr，Hg were selected as indexes to set up the heavy metal pollution of tailings reservoir evaluation system. The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and entropy weight method are adopted to determine the subjective and objective weight，the final combinational weight of evaluation index impacting on the tailings reservoir pollution is obtained by the combined weighting model. Based on the grey system theory，multi-index heavy metal pollution of tailings reservoir grey target decision model is built. The pollution critical concentration is determined as the optimal effect vector，that is，the target of the grey target decision-making model. The off-target distances of six undetermined blocks between effect vector and the optimal effect vector are calculated out. According to the value of off-target distances，the pollution of six tailings reservoirs can be ranked. The bigger the off-target distance is，the more serious the mine pollution is. The evaluation result is in good agreement with the actual situation，which indicate that the grey target decision model of multi-index heavy metal pollution of tailings reservoir based on combinational weight for evaluating pollution of tailings reservoir is feasible.
    Application of Acoustic Emission Monitoring Techniques in Geostress Hazard Prediction of Mined-out Areas
    LI Shi-Bo, LI Zhan-Jin, ZHANG Yang, LU Hong-Jian
    2014, 43(03):  152-155. 
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    After many years exploration in Donghewan Iron Mine，complex mining status appears，such as lots of mined-out areas，long remained time，and big security risk. In order to make early-warning before the geo-stress disasters occur in the mined-out area to take necessary security measures and to prevent major disasters，the early warning and forecasting system was established. Based on the rock mechanics test and the finite element stability analysis on mined-out area，the regions that are prone to generate major disasters are analyzed and the necessary monitoring scope is determined. With the selection of the advanced STL-12-type acoustic emission monitoring system，a complete acoustic emission on-line real-time monitoring system for hazardous areas is built. According to the indoor acoustic emission testing and on-site vibration waveform measurement，the rock acoustic emission database and other vibration waveform database are established，and the acoustic emission characteristics during the destruction process of rocks are summarized. By waveform analysis，the variety rule of acoustic emission information at geostress activities of mined-out area is grasped，and a comprehensive early warning and forecasting system is made. The 2-year practice showed that the system could provide technical support for pre-warning of mined-out subsidence in Donghewan Iron Mine.
    Study of Deep Reduction Process for Iron Recovery from Copper Slag Tailings
    WANG Shuang, NI Wen, WANG Chang-Long, LI De-Zhong, WANG Hong-Yu
    2014, 43(03):  156-160. 
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    In order to provide technical basis for deep utilization of iron-bearing copper slag,the conditioning tests of reduction roasting process was researched,by using domestic copper slag from grinding-copper flotation as raw materials,coke powder as the reduction agent,calcium oxide as additive,aiming at reducing iron silicate to metallic iron,and taking the quality of grinding-low intensity magnetic separation concentrate from reduction product as evaluation index basis.The results showed that:①reduction temperature and reduction time have significantly effect on reduction efficient;②the low magnetic metallic iron powder with iron grade of 92.96%,iron recovery of 93.49% and with less sulfur and phosphorus was obtained on conditions of CaO dosage of 6%,coke powder dosage of 14%,reduction time for 2 h at 1 300 ℃.So,it belongs to the steel-making additive.The SEM analysis of the deep reduction product from copper slag indicated that metallic iron fine grains had uniform particle sizes and relatively regular shape,and embedded simply without obviously inclusions of other slag phase.It provides the advantages for latter grinding and separation process and for obtaining good separation indexes.
    Microwave Enhanced Acid Leaching of Indium from Zinc Leaching Residues Containing
    ZHANG Lin-Ye, LI Xuan-Hai, SUN Yong, HUANG Xue-Chun, LIU Xiao-Bin, YANG Jing-Fang
    2014, 43(03):  161-165. 
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    School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China It is very difficult to realize indium leaching from indium-bearing zinc ferrite by the conventional acid leaching process.In order to find a process which could increase the indium leaching ratio with low energy consumption and high efficiency,the microwave leaching process and its parameters were investigated by using zinc leaching residues containing indium-bearing zinc ferrite fron Liuzhou Zinc Product Mill in Guangxi as research objective.The results showed that the microwave acid leaching was a simple and high efficient process,the indium leaching ratio of which was very close to that of microwave pretreatment + microwave leaching process,and significantly higher than that of conventional leaching and microwave pretreatment + conventional leaching process.The indium leaching ratio by microwave leaching process was significantly influenced by stirring speed,initial concentration of sulfuric acid,the ratio of liquid to solid,reaction temperature and reaction time.Indium leaching enhanced by microwave from zinc leaching residues ratio could reached to 77.0%，under the conditions of 550 r/min stirring speed，sulfuric acid initial concentration of 1.5 mol/L，ratio of liquid to solid 10 mL/g，reaction temperature of 75 ℃，reaction time for 90 min，the leaching ratio was 19.9 percentage points higher than that of the conventional leaching process.
    Kinetics Comparison of Oxidizing Acid Leaching and Conventional Acid Leaching of Indium Sulfide
    WEI Yan-Song, LI Xuan-Hai, MA Chen
    2014, 43(03):  165-170. 
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    Kinetics of indium sulfide leaching under different conditions was investigated，in order to improve the leaching rate of indium sulfide fundamentally，by starting with the change law of grain parameter，apparent activation energy and reaction order of conventional acid leaching，potassium permanganate & hydrogen peroxide oxidizing acid leaching of indium sulfide.The results showed that:①The apparent activation energy，reaction order and crystalline parameter of the leaching reaction of indium sulfide were 35.6 kJ/mol，0.770，0.576 respectively under conventional acid leaching conditions，13.9 kJ/mol，0.390，0.366 under potassium permanganate oxidizing acid leaching and 17.5 kJ/mol，0.220，0.466 under hydrogen peroxide oxidizing acid leaching;②Indium leaching rate in conventional acid leaching was more sensitive to changes of leaching temperature and initial concentration of sulfuric acid，while for oxidizing acid leaching，the apparent activation energy and reaction order were significantly reduced，chemical activity significantly enhanced and the reaction rate was accelerated，the sensitivity of temperature and initial concentration of sulfuric acid on the influence of indium leaching was reduced;③The kinetics model of indium sulfide of conventional leaching and oxidation leaching fit Avrami equation well at n＜1.Conventional leaching was controlled by both diffusion and reaction of chemistry，and the oxidation leaching process was controlled by diffusion.Therefore，intensive stir diffusion could increase the indium leaching rate.
    XPS Analysis on Hydration Process of Red Mud-Coal Gangue Based Cementitious Materials
    ZHANG Na, LIU Xiao-Ming, SUN Heng-Hu
    2014, 43(03):  171-176. 
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    In order to fully understand the physical and chemical changes during the hydration process of red mud-coal gangue based cementitious materials，X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) technique was used to investigate the binding energy among Ca，Si，Al，O and Na elements of the hydration products of red mud-coal gangue based cementitious materials. The results showed that with the increasing of hydration period from 3 to 90 days，the binding energies among Ca，Si，Al，O and Na elements of the hydration products gradually increased. Especially，the increasing of Na1s binding energy represents that the red mud-coal gangue based cementitious materials can solidify Na+ during the hydration process. Si2p binding energy decreases with the increasing of Ca/Si atom ratio of C-A-S-H gel，and negative linear correlation occurs between them. As O1s binding energy of the hydration products has positive linear correlation with the relative number of bringing oxygen(RBO). Therefore，O1s binding energy can be used to evaluate the polymerization degree of ［SiO4］ tetrahedron from hydration products.
    The Mechanical Properties and Durability of Materials for Pavement Base with Iron Tailings
    YI Long-Sheng, WAN Lei, WANG Zhou, YUAN Duo-Wei
    2014, 43(03):  177-179. 
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    In order to explore new ways for large-scale utilization of iron tailings resource，the mechanical property and durability of materials for pavement base at different dosage of polypropylene fibers was studied based on the mass ratio of cement，gravel，iron ore tailings and modified enzyme was 5∶30∶68∶2 by unconfined compression tests.The results showed that，with the polypropylene fiber dosage of 1.5 kg/m3，tensile strength and flexural strength of the sample reached 0.396 MPa and 1.641 MPa respectively，the ratio of flexural strength to unconfined compressive strength is 0.27，the unconfined compressive strength at both freeze-thaw and dry wet cycle will higher than 5 MPa，the frost resistance coefficient is greater than 0.88，the water stability is more than 0.88，the anti flushing ratio is 0.139 g/min，the mass loss ratio of the sample is 1.92%.Various mechanical properties and durability properties can meet the requirements of expressway and first-class highway.Iron ore tailings using as main raw materials for pavement base of expressway is feasible.