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    15 December 2016, Volume 45 Issue 12
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    Development Strategies of Available Use of Inferior Quality and Optimal Use of High Quality for Domestic Iron Ore Resources
    HAN Yue-Xin, GAO Peng, LI Yan-Jun, SUN Yong-Sheng
    2016, 45(12):  2-8. 
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    College of Resources and Civil Engineering，Northeastern University，Shenyang 110819，China Based on the iron ore resources endowment characteristics，such as high processing cost，lack of high quality iron concentrate and low efficiency utilization，the development strategies of available use of the inferior quality ore and optimal use of the high quality ore for the domestic iron ore resources have been put forward.The innovation Preconcentration-Suspension Roasting-Magnetic Separation (PSRM) technique combined mineral processing and metallurgy for the complex refractory iron ores was emphatically introduced，and the application prospect of the PSRM technology in reusing of the inferior iron ores and improving the efficiency of resources was discussed.While，the green preparation technology route of super iron concentrate and clean steel base material has been proposed for the high quality iron ore resources，in order to accelerate our country′s iron and steel material products upgrading from low-end to high-end through multidisciplinary fusion methods.The key development directions in exploitation and utilization of iron ore resources，such as strengthen technological innovation，speeding up industrial restructuring，and improving utilization efficiency and product quality were prospected.
    Research Status and Development of Suspension Roasting for Refractory Iron Ore
    YUAN Shuai, HAN Yue-Xin, GAO Peng, LI Yan-Jun, SUN Yong-Sheng
    2016, 45(12):  9-12. 
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    The formation and technical advantages of Preconcentration-Suspension Roasting-Magnetic separation (PSRM) technology have been pointed out with a brief analysis.Donganshan refractory iron ore was typical lean hematite with iron grade of 31.63%，through PSRM scale-up continuous test，iron concentrate with iron grade of 66.55%，total recovery of 77.01% was obtained.The East of Ansteel integrated tailings (TFe grade of 10.60%) was treated by PSRM scale-up continuous test，the iron concentrate with iron grade of 65.69% and total recovery of 55.33% was achieved.The JISCO fine ore was hard to be separated for its complex mineral composition，but using the PSRM technology，concentrate with iron grade of 60.30% and the recovery of 79.49% could be obtained.These refractory iron ores could be efficiently utilized by the PSRM technology.Good beneficiation index could be obtained via PSRM technology for Donganshan refractory iron ore，East of Ansteel integrated tailings，JISCO fine ore，and equipment operation is stable，concentrate indexes has greatly increased.PRSM technical is abig breakthrough in complex and refractory iron ore resources beneficiation technology.
    Research on Suspension Roasting-Low Intensity Magnetic Separation of Donganshan Direct-flotation Tailings Containing Carbonate
    LI Wen-Bo, TANG Zhi-Dong, YANG Guang, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun
    2016, 45(12):  13-17. 
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    Iron grade of Donganshan direct-flotation tailings containing 43.53% Fe，iron mainly exists in form of hematite，magnetite and siderite.Suspension roasting-magnetic separation was carried out in order to provide technique basis for utilization of the direct-flotation tailings.The results indicated that，with gas flow rate of 12 m3/h，H2 concentration 40%，suspension roasting temperature at 600 ℃ for 8 s，roasted products ground to -0.043 mm 95%，via low intensity magnetic separation at intensity of 85.1 kA/m，iron concentrate with iron grade of 60.52% and recovery of 78.78% was obtained.Magnetism and XRD analysis on materials both before and after the suspension roasting indicated that，iron-bearing low intensity magnetism material was changed to high intensity magnetism magnetite，enhance the magnetism，expanded the magnetism difference of iron ore and gangue minerals，effective separation can be obtained by low intensity magnetic separation.
    Experimental Study on Suspension Roasting-Low Intensity Magnetic Separation of Magnetic Mixed Concentrate from Donganshan
    GAO Peng, YU Jian-Wen, ZHANG Shu-Min, HAN Yue-Xin
    2016, 45(12):  18-21. 
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    Magnetizing roasting pretreatment has been proven as a typical and effective method for the beneficiation of refractory iron ores.Magnetizing roasting via a laboratory-batch scale fluidized reactor was carried out for the beneficiation of a carbonates-bearing hematite ore，and it was performed under mixed H2 and N2 atmosphere.The optimized conditions were determined as gas flow 8 m3/h，hydrogen concentration 30%，roasting temperature 650 ℃ and reduction time 8 s.The roasted products ground to 85% -0.038 mm，via low intensity magnetic separation at field intensity of 80 kA/m，iron concentrate containing 65.48% Fe and recovery of 88.26% was achieved.The results provided a new way for the efficient utilization of carbonates-bearing hematite iron ores.
    Research on Experim基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（编号：51674064），中央高校基本科研项目（编号：N140108001）。 ent of Magnetization Roasting-Low Intensity Magnetic Separation for Siderite from Daxigou
    ZHANG Xiao-Long, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun, GAO Peng
    2016, 45(12):  22-26. 
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    College of Resources and Civil Engineering，Northeastern University，Shenyang 110819,China Magnetic roasting-low intensity magnetic separation experiment was conducted with neutral atmosphere on siderite iron ore from Daxigou.The results showed that iron concentrate with iron grade of 57.09% and iron recovery 90.17% can be obtained under roasting temperature of 650 ℃，roasting time of 40 min with neutral atmosphere，roasted products ground to 95% passing 0.043 mm，then via low intensity magnetic separation at field intensity of 104 kA/m.There is 12.03% SiO2，iron increase and silicate decrease experiment was needed to increase the concentrate property.Siderite and limonite in ore transformed into magnetite with high intensity magnetism，the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of roasted products were greatly increased compared with raw ore，expand the difference of magnetism between iron mineral and gangue minerals，effective separation can be realized through low intensity magnetic separation.
    Research on Inducing Effect of Magnetite on Hematite in Magnetization Roasting Process
    REN Bao-Bao, CHEN Guo-Yan, LI Yan-Jun-1Sun-Yong-Sheng, HAN Yue-Xin
    2016, 45(12):  27-31. 
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    Influence of gas flow rate，CO concentration，roasting temperature and roasting time on magnetite induce hematite magnetization roasting process was investigated using pure magnetite and pure hematite as research object.Results indicated that，with the increase of magnetite additive content，the saturated mass magnetic moment and the reaction fraction of roasted products were gradually increasing.That is，the induction effect of magnetite on the magnetization roasting of hematite was more and more intense.With the increase of roasting gas flow rate，roasting temperature and roasting time，the saturated mass magnetic moment and the reaction fraction increasing trend was overall first increased and then decreased.It showed that the inducing effect of magnetite on the magnetization roasting of hematite was first increased and then decreased.With the increasing of CO concentration，the inducing effect of magnetite on the magnetization roasting of hematite was gradually decreased.The results had a certain guiding significance for improving the process of optimizing the roasting technique of iron ore and improving the magnetization roasting process roasting efficienty.
    Influence of Material Status on Deep Reduction Effect of Oolitic Hematite Ore
    LI Yan-Feng, HAN Yue-Xin, SUN Yong-Sheng, LI Guo-Feng, TANG Zhi-Dong
    2016, 45(12):  32-37. 
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    In order to investigate the influence of material status on deep reduction effect，influence of two material status as briquetting and loose ore on oolitic hematite ore deep reduction effect was investigated using oolitic hematite ore from Guandian，Hubei Province as raw material.The results showed that iron metallization ratio and magnetic separation index of briquetting were better than loose ore′s；with increase of reduction temperature，prolong of reduction time and the decrease of raw ore granularity，reduction products iron metallization ratio and magnetic separation index of different material status both increase.Briquetting was superior to the loose ore on reduction index，metal particle size and particle shape due to its better heat conduction and micro-gap structure.Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) analysis on reduced products reflected that metal particle sizes of briquetting were obviously larger than loose ore′s.Meanwhile，the roasting destruction of oolite was more heavily as the ore to be briquetted，means that briquetting was more benefit to the reduction of iron mineral.Briquetting could provide relatively faster heat conduction and higher concentration of reduction atomosphere which abounded in the interface of iron oxide，and then accelerated the process of the metallization reaction.Test results could provide references for the selection of feeding form and the optimization of reduction conditions in further application.
    Influence of Feed Particle Size on Reaction Behavior of Iron Minerals in Suspension Roasting Process
    XU Ben-Wei, LIU Jie, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun
    2016, 45(12):  38-42. 
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    Main valuable element of iron ore from Qijiang is iron，with grade of 35.47%. Iron mainly exists in form of hematite and siderite，with distribution of 45.45% and 51.11% respectively. The results of suspension roasting-low intensity magnetic separation experiment on ground products with different size show that，concentrate index is optimum when grinding fineness is -0.074 mm accounted for 50%. Suspension roasting-low intensity magnetic separation experiment was conducted on products with size of -0.074 mm accounted for 50% sieve to +0.1，0.074~0.1，0.045~0.074，-0.045 mm. Results indicate the concentrate index was relatively good when the feed particle size was 0.045~0.074 mm and 0.074~0.1 mm. The XRD and magnetism analysis on products with different particle size show that the reaction is not complete and there are still some hematite and siderite have not been reduced in reduced products for +0.1 mm fraction for too large particle size; iron minerals of reduced products for 0.074~0.1 mm and 0.045~0.074 mm fraction is mainly high intensity magnetic magnetite; over reduction performance was took place in -0.045 mm fraction，and low intensity magnetic wustite was generated. The results can provide technique basis for the optimization of the suspension roasting process of Qijiang iron ore.
    Effect of Inner Residual-coal on Reduction and Low Intensity Magnetic Separation of Low Grade Iron Ore Mini-Pellets
    HUANG Zhu-Cheng, HUANG Yao, YAO Sheng-Jie
    2016, 45(12):  43-47. 
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    Effect of residual-coal proportion on reduction-low intensity magnetic separation of low grade iron ore was studied，using mixture of residual-coal which had been reacted in rotary kiln and the raw coal in a property ratio as inner coal.The results show that the inner residual-coal in low grade iron ore pellets was not conducive to rapid reduction of iron oxide and growing up of iron grain，and metallization rate of mini-pellets decreased.But the strength of pellets was improved due to decrease of roasting pellets porosity.The grinding-low intensity magnetic separation index were preferable as the proportion of the residual-coal in inner coal was 50%.
    Experiment on Magnetization Roasting-Grinding-Magnetic Separation of a Foreign Limonite Ore
    CUI Qiang, XIAO Wan-Qin, ZHENG Gui-Bing
    2016, 45(12):  48-50. 
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    There is 54.12% Fe in a foreign limonite ore.Limonite mainly distributed in loose and porous gel，few distributed in block or oolitic form.Qualified iron concentrate will not obtained using neither single flotation nor gravity separation process.To provide technique basis for development of the ore，magnetization roasting-grinding-magnetic separation experiment was conducted，influence of roasting temperature，roasting time，bituminous coal dosage，grinding fineness，magnetic field intensity on index of concentrate were studied.Results indicated that at bituminous coal dosage of 15%，roasting temperature is 850 ℃，roasting time is 60 min，roasted products cooling in natural environment and ground to 90% -0.074 mm by ball mill，via low intensity magnetic separation at field intensity of 160 kA/m，The iron concentrate with iron grade of 64.54% and recovery of 86.05% was obtained.
    Classification Flotation of Donganshan Siderite-containing Hematite Ore
    LI Dong, YIN Wan-Zhong, YAO Jin, JI An-Kun, XUE Ji-Wei, FU Ya-Feng
    2016, 45(12):  51-56. 
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    There is 32.45% Fe in iron ore from Donganshan Sintering Plant.The ore has the characteristics of poor iron and high silicon，main iron ore is hematite，main gangue mineral is quartz，there is also contains a small amount of siderite and magnetite.The ore belongs to siderite-bearing hematite ore.Sieve analysis on ground products of 70% -0.074 mm results indicated that，with the increase of particle size，the grade of iron grade increases gradually，monomer dissociation degree decreases.Classification closed circuit flotation experiment under the condition of the grinding fineness was carried out，-0.074 mm fraction using citric acid as dispersing agent，CaO as activator，starch as inhibitor，KS-Ⅲ as collector，+0.074 mm fraction using starch as inhibitor，dodecylamine as the collector，iron concentrate with iron grade of 63.30% and recovery of 71.32% was obtained.Compared with full fraction flotation，classification flotation can decrease the microgranular mineral adhesion cover cap，improve the flotation index.
    Study on Selective Magnetic Agglomerate of Magnetite in Reverse Flotation of Hematite
    WANG Dong-Hui, YIN Wan-Zhong, MA Ying-Qiang, TANG Yuan
    2016, 45(12):  57-61. 
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    Selective magnetic agglomerate of magnetite on hematite during hematite reverse flotation was investigated，as well as their mechanisms.The results show that the recovery of concentrate hematite was increased，Fe grade of tailings was reduced on the reverse flotation by adding magnetite in reverse flotation of hematite on hematite and quartz artificial mixed minerals.And the smaller the particle size of magnetite is，the influence is more significant.The effect of starch and magnetite used in combination was more obvious than magnetite alone.Compared with the absence of magnetite，recovery of hematite was increased by 6.5 percentage points and the grade of iron in tailing was decreased by 22.5 percentage points when the -5 μm magnetite proportion is 4%.The sedimentation experiment and SEM analysis results showed that magnetite can selectively agglomerate hematite，improve fine hematite flotation index.
    Influence of Combinatorial Regulator on Separation of Iron Minerals and Quartz by Flotation
    FU Ya-Feng, YAO Jin, YIN Wan-Zhong, SUN Qian-Yu, XUE Ji-Wei, LIU Ming-Bao
    2016, 45(12):  62-65. 
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    It is difficult to have good separation index for Donganshan iron ore because of the high carbonate content.In order to find a suitable combination regulator and dosage，starch and CaCl2 and their combinations as regulator on floatability of hematite，magnetite，siderite，iron dolomite and quartz single minerals were investigated respectively.The results show that the addition of single starch or CaCl2 can not separate iron minerals from quartz.When the pH value is higher than 11，there is large difference in floatability of quartz and iron minerals when starch is used in combination with CaCl2.One roughing，one cleaning flotation process was conducted on Dongshan mixed magnetic concentrate (50.88% Fe) using starch and CaCl2 combination as modifier，and RA715 as collector.Flotation concentrate with iron grade of 64.06% and recovery rate of 61.96% was obtained，compared with the on-site process，iron grade and recovery were increased by 1.33 and 6.01 percentage points respectively.
    Effects of Dispersants on Direct Flotation of Siderite on Magnetic Separation Mixed Concentrate from Donganshan
    YAO Jin, HAN Hui-Li, YIN Wan-Zhong
    2016, 45(12):  66-70. 
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    College of Resources and Civil Engineering，Northeastern University，Shenyang 110819，China To solve the problems of flotation index decrease resulted from fine siderite particles adhere and cover on coarse hematite particles and coarse quartz particles surface in the mixed magnetic separation concentrate from Donganshan.The effects of dispersant added in the first step flotation of step-by-step flotation on direct flotation of siderite were researched specially to find suitable dispersant to facilitate pulp dispersion and improve flotation index.Results indicated that，adding dispersant is beneficial for pulp dispersion，increase flotation index.Using citric acid as dispersant in siderite direct flotation，tailings of direct flotation via one roughing-one cleaning-three scavenges closed-circuit process，iron concentrate with iron grade of 67.89% and recovery of 69.35% was obtained.
    Synergetic Flotation of Step-by-step Flotation and Dispersing Flotation Technology Research on Carbonate-containing Mixed Magnetic Separation Concentrate from Donganshan
    HAN Hui-Li, YIN Wan-Zhong, YAO Jin
    2016, 45(12):  71-76. 
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    Main valuable mineral of carbonate-containing mixed magnetic separation concentrate from Donganshan is hematite，few siderite and magnetite，gangue minerals are mainly quartz，iron ore is fine desiminated，iron distribution rate in 37 μm accounted for 82.55%.For the effective separation of carbonate-containing mixed magnetic separation concentrate from Donganshan，synergetic flotation of step-by-step flotation and dispersing flotation technology was conducted.Results show that using citric acid as dispersant，starch as inhibitor，KS-Ⅲ as collector，via one step siderite direct flotation，tailings of direct flotation with NaOH as pH regulator，starch as inhibitor，CaO as activator，KS-Ⅲ as collector via one roughing-one cleaning-two scavenging hematite reverse flotation closed-circuit process，iron concentrate with iron grade of 67.89%，iron recovery of 69.35% was obtained.Synergetic flotation of step-by-step flotation and dispersing flotation technology has good separation effect on carbonate-containing mixed magnetic separation concentrate for combination of the step-by-step flotation and dispersing flotation.
    Applied Research of Mixed Collectors in Hematite Reverse Flotation at Normal Temperature
    CAO Shao-Hang, YIN Wan-Zhong, YAO Jin, WANG Hui, FU Ya-Feng, XUE Ji-Wei
    2016, 45(12):  77-81. 
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    College of resource and Civil Engineering，Northeastern University，Shenyang 110819，China Fatty acid collector (LTS) reverse floating hematite has problems of need slurry heating，to decrease flotation temperature and improve hematite flotation index by medicament combination，nonionic surfactant CW-1 and CW-2，anionic surfactants CW-3 and CW-4 was respectively combined with LTS.Monomineral quartz flotation experiment results indicated that，at the temperature of 10 ℃，the slurry pH value is 12，using CW-3 and LTS(dosage is 40+40 mg/L)，CW-4 and LTS(90+30 mg/L) as collector，quartz recovery rate was 99.44% and 94.99%，respectively.Artificial mixed ore flotation experiment results indicated that，at 10 ℃，CW-3 and CW-4 respectively combined with LTS，hematite concentrate iron grade is higher than that of using LTS alone at 25 ℃.When CW-3 and LTS combination，hematite concentrate iron grade is increased by 5.41 percentage points；When CW-4 and LTS combination，hematite concentrate iron grade increased by 2.95 percentage points.Both of the two kind combination collector have intensity collecting ability in hematite reverse flotation at normal temperature.
    High-Intensity Magnetic Pre-separation Experiment on Extremely Lean Hematite Ore from Anqian
    ZHU Xin-Ran, XU Dong-Lin, GAO Peng, LI Yan-Jun, HAN Yue-Xin
    2016, 45(12):  82-85. 
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    There is 19.34% Fe in an extremely lean hematite ore from Anqian，iron mainly exists in form of hematite，with distribution rate of 89.90%.To develop and utilize the ore，high-intensity pre-separation experiment was carried out，influence of medium rob diameter，medium rob gap and magnetic field intensity on pre-separation index were investigated.Results indicated that，with feeding size of -3 mm，magnetic field intensity of 232.67 kA/m，medium rob diameter of 3mm，medium rob gap of 5 mm，pre-concentrate with iron grade of 25.07% and recovery of 85.99% was obtained，and discarding tailings with yield rate of 31.08% and iron grade of 9.06%.The results can provide reference for high efficient development of extremely lean hematite ore in our country.
    Beneficiation Experiment on a Low Intensity Magnetism Iron Ore Abroad
    ZHAO Liu-Chuang, LIU Quan-Jun, LIANG Yuan-Qin, SONG Jian-Wen, GAO Yang
    2016, 45(12):  86-88. 
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    There is 41.07% iron in a low intensity magnetism iron ore.Iron mainly exists in hematite-limonite ore，with distribution rate of 80.33%，few iron carbonate，ferrosilite，magnetite.To provide technique basis for development of the ore，beneficiation experiment was conducted.Results indicated that，at the grinding fineness of -0.074 mm 92.28%，via high gradient high intensity magnetic separation，at pulsating stroke is 4 mm，pulsating speed of 180 r/min，background magnetic induction intensity is 1.0 T，magnetic medium diameter is Φ2+1.5 mm，by one roughing-two scavenging，concentrate of scavenging mixed and via cleaning process，iron concentrate with iron grade of 60.08% and recovery of 75.94% was obtained.With different diameter rod combination as high gradient magnetic separation medium can improve the separation index.
    Research on Rod-grinding Technology of Heigou Iron Ore Fines (-15 mm)
    WANG Ming-Xing, LI Yan-Jun, LIU Jin-Chang, LI Wen-Bo
    2016, 45(12):  89-93. 
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    Iron grade of fines（-15 mm） iron ore from Heigou is 37.35%.Iron mainly exists in form of hematite-limonite and the distribution rate is 85.35%.The fines iron ore was recovered by high intensity magnetic separation after ball milling in on-site process，while sliming phenomenon in grinding operation is serious，the fines iron ore can′t be recovered by high intensity magnetic separation.In order to relieve over crushing phenomenon during grinding and optimize size composition of grinding products.The fines were crushed to -2 mm，Pre-screened -120 μm size fraction with the rate of 33.30%.Rod milling experiments were implemented for +120 μm size fraction.Closed-circuit grinding was carried out with the conditions that grinding medium of rod diameter 18，20，22 mm with mass ratio of 4∶3∶3，medium filling ratio of 30%，rod to powder ratio 1.0，grinding concentration 70% and grinding for 62 s，and it can obtain qualified size fraction (38~120 μm) accounts for 57.55% of -120 μm size fraction.Decreasing classification particle size can reduce production of fine particle effectively and over grinding.It has a significant reference to reducing over grinding and optimize the size composition of grinding products by rod milling technology.
    Research on New Process Technology of Energy-efficient Beneficiation for a Domestic Finely-disseminated Iron Ore
    GAO Chun-Qing
    2016, 45(12):  94-99. 
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    The main useful mineral in a finely-disseminated magnetic iron ore is magnetite and it has a extremely fine particle size.Tests were made on two process flowsheets that were raw ore size screening-dry type magnetic separation-wet type coarse size magnetic separation-three stages grinding-low intensity magnetic separation (Flowsheet 1) and raw ore size screening-dry type magnetic separation-wet type coarse size magnetic separation-two stages grinding separation-magnetic separation-fine screening separation-magnetic separate column for undersize-middlings regrinding-magnetic separation (Flowsheet 2) to provide a technical basis for economically and high-efficiently utilizing this ore.A concentrate at a yield of 20.20% and iron grade of 65.48%(magnetic iron grade of 64.78%) and iron recovery rate of 58.15%(magnetic iron recovery rate of 94.72%) can be obtained by adopting the recommended Flowsheet 2 at the final grinding size of -0.043 mm 80%.
    Study on Combined Classification of Cyclone and Fine Screen and Beneficiation of a Magnetic Concentrate
    LUO Hong-Zhen, SUN Bing-Quan, HOU Geng-He, GAO Chun-Qing
    2016, 45(12):  100-104. 
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    In order to develop an efficient classification technology with achieving the goal of efficient separation of iron minerals at low cost,the research of combined classification technology between cyclone and fine screen and single fine screen classification technology was carried out.Comparison of test results between single fine screen classification and combined classification technology was conducted.The results showed that the combined classification process is better than single fine screen technological process in realization of mineral fine grading and differentation efficient separation.In the case of similar indicators in the end,the dissociation characteristic of iron minerals in magnetic separation is better，the amount of column magnetic seltor feed greatly decreased,the amount of regrinding ore decreased 3 percentage points or so，the effect of energy saving and loss reducing is very good.
    Application of a New Collector DWD-3 to Reverse Flotation Desiliconization of the Magnetic Mixed Concentrate from Sijiaying
    GUO Wen-Da, ZHU Yi-Min, HAN Yue-Xin, WANG Peng, WEI Yi-He, LI Yan-Jun
    2016, 45(12):  105-108. 
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    Factories using fatty acid anionic collector to reverse floating iron ore have problems of large amounts dosage of collectors，higher flotation temperature and bad flotation index.To solve those problems，a new type amide-carboxylic acid collector DWD-3 was developed，which applied to reverse flotation on magnetic mixed concentrate of Sijiaying.Laboratory test results show that，when the flotation temperature is 25 ℃，with rough flotation pH is 11.5，DWD-3 dosage is 400 g/t，CaCl2 dosage is 400 g/t，and corn starch dosage is 1 000g/t by one roughing，one cleaning and three scavenging closed-circuit flotation，concentrate with iron grade of 66.48%，iron recovery of 80.32% and tailings grade 16.35% is obtained.When using collector DWD-3 instead of collector GK-68 by on-site process in Sijiaying，flotation temperature may lowered from 40 ℃ to 25 ℃，iron grade and recovery of flotation concentrate increased by 0.39 and 2.23 percentage points，tailings grade decreased by 1.57 percentage points.Analysis of flotation products shows that，flotation concentrate have large mounts of tightly connected minerals below 20 μm，a large number big size tightly connected minerals exist in flotation tailings，its iron minerals and gangues even mutual interdependent，which maybe the reason for higher iron grade in tailings.
    Application of a New High-efficiency and Low-temperature-resistant Collectors in Reverse Flotation Desilication of Iron Ore
    CHANG Qing-Wei
    2016, 45(12):  109-112. 
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    Most anionic collector for iron ore adopts fatty acid collector which need to be heating flotation to insure effect.A new low-temperature-resistant collector CY-20 was synthesized by chemical modification method and complex formulation and applied in low-temperature reverse-flotation of iron ore with quick-solving depressant CYZ-20.The results indicated that an iron concentrate with Fe grade of 65.86% and recovery of 95.18% was obtained by CY-series reagents at the temperature of 15 ℃，which was close to the flotation indexes obtained at the temperature of 30 ℃,and it was shown that CY-20 collector with an excellent low-temperature resistance and high selectivity can realize normal temperature operation of the whole anionic reverse flotation system,which was important for energy conservation and clean production of mine.
    Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism of Quartz with Collector DCZ-2
    CHENG Zhou-Yue-Yang, ZHU Yi-Min, LUO Bin-Bin, GUO Wen-Da, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun
    2016, 45(12):  113-117. 
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    College of Resource and Civil Engineering，Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819，China In order to calculate the hydrogen bonds between a new-type collector and α-quartz,，a molecular simulation software Materials Studio 8.0 with its forcefield COMPASS Ⅱ were used in this experiment.The results illustrates that:①Use DCZ-2 as a collector，as 4<pH<10，the recovery of quartz for single mineral is over 96%，when pH increased，the recovery of quartz decrease;②The adsorption energy of collector DCZ-2 on the surface of quartz is -505.75 kJ/mol.The average length of hydrogen bonds occurred between DCZ-2 and quartz is 0.177 389 nm according to the simulation，illustrates the collection of DCZ-2 to quartz is strong;③Hydrogen adsorption and electrostatic adsorption both occurred between DCZ-2 and quartz on 4<pH<7.5，and hydrogen adsorption occurred between DCZ-2 and quartz when the pH is increase.
    Inhibition Mechanism of Carboxymethyl Amide in Hematite Reverse Flotation
    WANG Peng, ZHU Yi-Min, GUO Wen-Da, HAN Yue-Xin, LI Yan-Jun
    2016, 45(12):  118-121. 
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    In order to study the effects of carboxymethyl amide inhibitors in hematite reverse flotation for silicate removal，using Polypropylene Carboxylic Acid(HPAM) and DWP-3 (compound of HPAM and small molecule anionic inhibitor DNL with mass ratio of 7∶3) as inhibitor，influence of the inhibitor on single mineral floatability of hematite and quartz were investigated.Single mineral flotation results indicated that，DWP-3 has poorer inhibitive ability than polypropylene carboxylic acid，but intense inhibitive ability on hematite.Zeta potential and infrared spectrum measurement results indicated that，as pH<2.95，there is electrostatic adsorption on quartz surface with HPAM and DWP-3，as pH>2.95，there is hydrogen-bonding adsorption on quartz surface with HPAM and DWP-3，as pH<3.53，there is electrostatic adsorption on hematite surface with HPAM and DWP-3，as pH>3.53，there is hydrogen-bonding adsorption and chemical adsorption on hematite surface with HPAM and DWP-3.
    Development and Application of New Type Combined High Intensity Magnetic Separators
    CAO Zhi-Liang, LI Wei-Jian, QIAN Shi-Hu
    2016, 45(12):  122-125. 
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    Because of the different dissemination size and short range of single type magnetic separator，developed new type self-service dry-type high intensity permanent magnetic separator，self-service wet-type high intensity permanent magnetic separator and wide-gradient vertical-ring high-intensity magnetic separator.By combining these three high intensity magnetic separators，can classification-magnetic separate different size minerals.A manganese carbonate ore with the grade of 22.44% from an underground mine at home which were processed by self-service dry-type high-intensity permanent magnetic separator，self-service wet-type high-intensity permanent magnetic separator and wide-gradient vertical-ring high-intensity magnetic separator，respectively，resulting in a total concentrate yield of 67.98%，a total concentrate grade of 31.16% with a recovery of 95.87% and a total tailings grade of 2.90%.An iron ore from Africa with the grade of 42.36% which were processed with self-service dry-type high-intensity permanent magnetic separator，self-service wet-type high-intensity permanent magnetic separator and wide-gradient vertical-ring high-intensity magnetic separator，respectively，resulting in a total concentrate yield of 53.41%，a total concentrate grade of 64.09% with a total recovery of 80.83%，and a total tailings grade of 17.44%.The application practices show that this combined high intensity magnetic separators can enlarge the range of separation size fraction and have the value of popularization and application.
    Process Mineralogy Investigation of a Deep Buried Iron Ore in Dataigou
    LIU Shuang-An, GONG Gui-Chen, LIU Jie
    2016, 45(12):  126-129. 
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    Dataigou iron ore belongs to quartzite type magnetite.Iron grade of ore is 34.70%，main valuable mineral is magnetite，iron distribution rate in magnetite is 81.67%，main gangue mineral is quartz，muscovite，chlorite，etc.Process mineralogy study was conducted to provide technique basis for rational beneficiation process determination.Main mineral structure is metasomatic structure or metasomatic relict structure，euhedral-granular structure，hypidiomorphic-allotriomorphic structure；While main texture is banded texture，disseminated structure，dense block structure.Magnetite mainly in form of euhedral-granular structure，hypidiomorphic structure in gangue mineral of quartz，mica，etc.Hematite usually confluents with magnetite in metasomatic structure，results from magnetite oxidation in late period，single crystal hematite was few.Magnetite native granularity mainly is microfine or fine grain，distributed unevenly，overall magnetite is finely disseminated，but basically in the range for separation.
    Research on Process Mineralogy of Oolitic Hematite Ore in Western Hubei
    LEI Ying, LI Yu, CHEN Wen, LIAO Zhen-Hong
    2016, 45(12):  130-133. 
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    The total iron content of oolitic hematite in Western Hubei is 43.50%.The major occurrence form of iron is hematite，and whose distribution is 96.34%.Major valuable minerals are hematite，major gangue minerals are quartz，kaolin and chamosite.The textures are mainly fibrous，flocculence，metasomatic，cryptocrystalline，flaky，and panautomorphic and hypidiomorphic-granular.The structures are mainly entoolitic and disseminated.Most of hematite is output in form of oolite granular aggregate with diameter of 0.08~0.8 mm.Part of hematite is output in form of irregular granular，thin vein and inlay with granularity of 0.02~0.2 mm.The rest of hematite is output in form of disseminated with granularity less than 0.005 mm.The hematite particle is very fine.The cumulative granularity distribution larger than 75 μm is merely 23.87%，while the cumulative granularity less than 5 μm is up to 39.20%.The collophanite are present as oolith core and ring inside the oolitic hematite particle.The dressing granularity is less than 5~10 μm，in order to realize the separation of collophanite from oolitic hematite，combined technique of processing and metallurgy is recommended.
    Influence of Water Hardness on Sedimentation Effect of Ultrafine Hematite
    LONG Wei, ZHANG Qin, XIANG Gui-Feng, ZHANG Jin, PAN Deng, ZENG Rui
    2016, 45(12):  134-137. 
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    To find the influence of water hardness on sedimentation behavior on ultrafine hematite，water hardness，PAM dosage，pH，temperature on the sedimentation behavior were studied，using an ultrafine hematite from Brazil as the study sample.The results indicated that：for high alkalinty，calcium and magnesium ions can greatly promote the coagulation of hencatite ore fines；for pH=12 conditions，calcium and magnesium ions and flocculant can cooperate to promote fine hencatite ore sedimentation.Increase temperature is good to promote settlement .The experimental results have great significance for sedimentation rate improve for iron concentrate.
    Analysis on Size Effects of Rock Discontinuities Roughness
    CHEN Shi-Jiang, WANG Chuang-Ye, WANG Chao, ZHENG Wen-Xiang, GUO Ling-Fei
    2016, 45(12):  138-142. 
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    The artificial rocks specimen are made of gypsum powder in the laboratory and the surface structure is formed after the cutting.Then,the surface roughness of the structure is described by the digital gray images method.Secondly,the surface structure is divided into ten sampling windows according to five different programs with ranges from 100 Pixel×100 Pixel,200 Pixel×200 Pixel to 1 000 Pixel×1 000 Pixel.Finally,the values of SRv in all directions of the surface structure under different size are calculated by the SRv characteristics method,that is,the surface roughness is characterized by variogram.The results by each scheme show that 1) in the same direction,the smaller size is,the larger SRv value is.As the size increases,the SRv value decreases and then reaches a stable value.But in different directions,the threshold values of SRv are not the same.(2)In addition,the anisotropic characteristics are different among the different scale structural planes.Only by fully understanding the anisotropic characteristics of structure surface under different scales can accurately grasp the characteristics of size effect; Only accurate grasp of the size effect can effectively grasp the anisotropic characteristics.This understanding provides a new way to accurately grasp the mechanical properties of discontinuity.
    Research of Disaster Mechanism of Open Mine Slope by Water and Its Treatment
    ZHANG Yan-Bo, LI Hai-Yang, QIU Yu, LIU Xiang-Xin
    2016, 45(12):  144-149. 
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    Taking a soil slope in an open air iron mine of Hebei as research background，and in view of the impact of groundwater on the slope stability in soil slope engineering，simulations on the landslide of slope affected by groundwater and adding the curtain to support the slope are carried out by using Plaxis 3D.The research results showed that after excavating，the head of groundwater moved downward slightly，and the presence of groundwater undermines the stability of the slope.After the third slope formed，and under the permeation of groundwater，landslides appear in the A1 area of first level slope and A2 area of third level slope，and A4 area appears shear stress of τxy and τyz concentration in the third slope.Finally，according to the slope disaster simulation by groundwater，the waterproof curtain to achieve slope protection can reduce the displacement of landslide disaster and increases the safety factor of the slope.
    Experimental Study of the Effect of Loading Rate on Strength Performance of Filling body
    GAN De-Qing, HAN Liang, LIU Zhi-Yi, ZHAO Hai-Xin
    2016, 45(12):  150-153. 
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    The strength of filling body is the key to the development of filling mining technology,and the change of loading rate will affect the strength characteristics of the filling body.Thus,uniaxial compressive strength tests with different cement sand ratio filling block under different loading rates were carried out.Results showed that the strength of filling body firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of loading rate.The maximum strength of the filling body depended on the critical loading rate.Below the critical rate,the strength of the filling body increased with the increase of the rate,but beyond the critical rate,the strength of the test blocks decreased with the increase of the rate.The rapid loading rate limited the development of the internal crack and pore of the filling body,and lowered the strength weakening effect.Meanwhile,the rapid loading rate accelerated the energy accumulation and dissipation process of filling body,shortened the elastic stage of the test blocks.After accumulating more elastic at the pre peak,the test blocks can reach peak axial stress earlier.
    Optimization of Caving Stope Structure Parameters in Chengchao Iron Ore Based on Cost Analysis Model
    DU Yu-Xiang, XU Meng-Guo, CHENG Ai-Ping, WANG Ping, SHANG Huan-Di, LIU Chang
    2016, 45(12):  154-159. 
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    Based on the ellipsoid theory and combining with the arrangement of the ellipsoid，6 stope structure parameters are designed in stage -430 m ~ -500 m at west section of Chengchao Iron Mine，and numerical simulation on 6 models of stope structural parameters under the same ore reserves are made by PFC.According to the results of simulation analysis，the ore recovery rate and dilution rate under 6 stope structure parameters are contrasted.The results show:under the same segment height，the recovery rates of large-space models and high-range models are higher than that of traditional models，and the dilution rates are lower than that in traditional models; With segment height increasing，the recovery rates of the three models will be reduced，but the overall dilution rates will be also lowered.The cost analysis model is established with recovery rate and dilution rate as cost impact indicators in caving production.Based on this model，the ultimate profits of 6 models with stope structural parameters are calculated，and the results show:the profit of large-space model is the highest under the same segment height; the total cost is reduced and the profit is increased in one kind of model as the segment height increases; The stope structural parameter model with segment height of 23.3 m，route space of 25m has the highest economic benefits.
    Research on Effect of Drawing Funnel Angle at the Bottom of Ore-pass on Ore Fluidity
    ZOU Xiao-Tian, LIU Yan-Zhang, ZHANG Bing-Tao, CHEN Xiao-Qiang, PAN Shi-Hua, YE Yi-Cheng
    2016, 45(12):  160-164. 
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    In order to research the effect of drawing funnel angle at the bottom of the ore-pass on ore fluidity in ore-pass，-480 m to -410 m section of the main ore-pass in Jinshandian Iron Mine is taken as the engineering background，and the PFC2D discrete element software is used to simulate the ore drawing process，of which the drawing funnel angles are 45°，50°，55°，60° and 65° respectively.For describing quantitatively the difference of ore fluidity under different ore drawing funnel angles，the ore mass flow rate ratio is defined as the evaluation index of ore fluidity.The characteristics of ore fluidity under every drawing funnel angle are analyzed and the effect mechanism of drawing funnel angle on the ore fluidity is revealed.Ore drawing similarity test platform is constructed and ore drawing similarity simulation tests under different drawing funnel angles are carried out.The mass flow rate ratios are calculated and compared with numerical simulation.The results show that the ore mass flow rate ratio is the largest and the ore fluidity is the best when the ore funnel angle is 60 degree；Variation tendency of ore mass flow rate ratios of similarity tests and numerical simulation are almost identical.The results of numerical simulation can be verified by similarity test.
    Sensibility Analysis of Backfill Microscopic Parameters Based on Particle Flow Theory
    CHENG Ai-Ping, TAN Chun-Sen, WANG Wei-Qi, NIE Dong-Qing, LI 恩Ci
    2016, 45(12):  165-169. 
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    Based on the particle flow theory，the model of backfill sample was created by PFC software and the numerical simulation experiment of uniaxial compression was carried out.The control variable method was used to conduct the sensitivity analysis of several mesoscopic parameters，such as parallel bond strength，particle stiffness ratio，grain composition，friction coefficient，etc.to find out the influences of mesoscopic parameters on macroscopic properties.The results show that:Parallel bond strength mainly influences the strength of the backfill，less effect on the elastic modulus；The increase of particle stiffness ratio may increase the effect of rigid contact of particles and reduce the role of parallel bond，which is mainly shown as tension failure；The friction coefficient mainly affects the strength of the backfill.The larger friction coefficient may induce the stronger bite force between particles and heavier residual strength of sample after the destruction；Parallel bond strength has the largest influence on the strength of the backfill.The results have a great guiding significance in matching the compressive strength，elastic modulus and other macro parameters to micromechanics parameters of the backfill，which can lay the foundation for the debugging and modeling of the mesoscopic parameters.
    Optimization of Key Technology Parameters of Self-mobile Semi-continuous Mining System
    BAI Run-Cai, SONG Qun, LIU Chuang
    2016, 45(12):  170-175. 
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    Self-mobile semi-continuous mining system have a broad application prospect.But it is lacking of theoretical guidance for determining the key technical parameters,such as located level of self-mobile semi-continuous system and moving step of belt conveyor in end slope.The influencing factors that affect the located level of self-mobile semi-continuous system and moving step of belt conveyor in end slope are analyzed,mainly including the throughput of stripping semi-continuous system,transportation cost,occurrence status of coal layer and condition of inner disposing,dynamic relationship between the inner disposing space and the position of the stripping project,and interaction between the located level of self-mobile semi-continuous system and moving step of belt conveyor in end slope.Under the condition of restrictive inner disposing space,with the goal of realizing lowest transportation cost,the method to optimize the located level of stripping self-mobile semi-continuous system and the moving step of belt conveyor in end slope is proposed.
    Current Situation Analysis and Optimization of the Ventilation System on an Underground Iron Mine in Gansu Province
    ZHU Qiang, CHEN Xing-Ming, XIAO Zheng-Xue, ZHAO Zhou-Neng
    2016, 45(12):  176-180. 
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    After years of mining in the underground iron mine in Gansu province，ventilation network has been damaged，resulting in difficulties of air volume adjustment.At present，the mine has been mined to +2 670 m level，and the returning airway atⅠore-body has been damaged in different degrees in +2 715 m level.As the mining levels continue to decline,Ⅰore-body returning air system will be completely destroyed.In the same time，returning airway at Ⅱ ore-body in +2 760 m level has been damaged due to the influence of rock movement，which causes the ventilation system can't meet the requirement of production and seriously influences to the safety production and economic benefit.Based on the current status of mine ventilation and scientific field data measurement，the main existing problems of the ventilation system are analyzed and the optimization reform scheme is proposed as well as the ventilation networks are solved.The optimization reform scheme is based on the mining of existing facilities and equipment，and combined with the expansion of mining scale and the deep mining plan.At the same time，the connection of deep and existing ventilation plans is fully considered，which realizes the expected results and offers scientific basis of mining safe ventilation.
    Experimental Study on Ventilation Without Wall Based on PIV
    TIAN Rui-Xiang, LIU Jian, WANG Dong, GUO Xin, ZHAO Chun-Shuang
    2016, 45(12):  181-184. 
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    The particle image velocimetry（PIV）is a non-intrusive technique to measure the flow field，which is widely used in the single-phase liquid flow as well as in the air flow.The basic principle of PIV is described，and experimental study on the application of PIV in measuring the flow field near the axial fan of the ventilation without wall is carried out.The experiment tested the flow field near the axial fan of the ventilation without wall when the inlet area of the model tunnel is 0.04 m2，0.03 m2，0.02 m2 and 0.01 m2.The result shows：it is reasonable and feasible to measure the flow field of the ventilation without wall by using PIV，which can get the flow field near the axial fan accurately；There is an obvious vortex in the air flow field above the outlet of the axial fan.The circulating air flow is generated between the outlet and the inlet of the axial fan with decreasing the inlet area of the model tunnel，and the air volume of circulating air and the inlet area of the model tunnel are negatively correlated.